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Musa’adatul Khoiriyah; Farika Nur Umaisaroh; Nurul Hakim

Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan 2026 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

This study examines the tradition of nikah malem songo within the framework of cultural Islam as a form of acculturation between Islamic teachings and local traditions in the coastal community of Tuban, East Java. The research aims to analyze the acculturation process, identify the religious and cultural values embedded in the tradition, and explore its relevance in contemporary society. A qualitative descriptive approach with a case study design was employed. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation involving religious leaders, community figures, and local residents. The findings show that nikah malem songo reflects a harmonious integration of Islamic principles and local cultural practices while maintaining the essential requirements of Islamic marriage. The tradition also contains symbolic elements, such as selecting a sacred time believed to bring blessings. In addition, the practice serves as a social mechanism that strengthens community solidarity, reinforces cultural identity, and transmits values across generations. Although challenged by modernization, globalization, and puritan religious views, the tradition continues to survive through reinterpretation and selective preservation. The study concludes that nikah malem songo represents an inclusive and contextual form of Islam capable of adapting to changing social dynamics.

Elsa Oktavia; Revalina Revalina; Lelo Lelo; Sarmauli Sarmauli

Tri Tunggal: Jurnal Pendidikan Kristen dan Katolik 2026 Asosiasi Riset Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat Indonesia

This study is motivated by the importance of understanding theology not merely as a theoretical concept, but as a reflection of faith that is lived within the cultural context of society. In the context of the Dayak community in Central Kalimantan, there is a close relationship between cultural values and spiritual life, thus requiring a theological approach that can bridge the two. This study aims to analyze the praxis model in contextual theology and its application in the life of the Dayak community. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach through literature study by examining various relevant sources. The results show that the praxis model emphasizes the relationship between lived experience, faith reflection, and concrete action. Cultural values such as togetherness and mutual cooperation are in line with Christian teachings; however, there are also traditional practices that create tension with faith. The church plays an important role in addressing this through a dialogical and reflective approach. The implications of this study indicate that the application of the praxis model enables believers to live out their faith in a contextual, relevant, and transformative way in daily life without losing their cultural identity.Top of Form

Haniyah Kamilah Az-Zahra; Daroe Iswatiningsih

Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Pendidikan 2026 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

This study is motivated by the importance of preserving local wisdom amid the flow of modernization that influences community life, particularly in the tradition of Ramadan Sahur Patrol in Kademangan Village, Pagelaran District, Malang Regency. This research aims to describe the implementation of the sahur patrol, identify the local wisdom values embedded within it, and analyze community responses to the tradition. The method used is qualitative with a cultural anthropology approach and a descriptive research design. Data were collected through interviews and documentation involving purposively selected informants, including community leaders, patrol participants, and local government officials. Data analysis was conducted using an interactive model consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results show that the sahur patrol is carried out in a structured manner by utilizing traditional musical instruments, involving cross-generational participation, and being integrated with the community’s religious activities. This tradition contains religious, social, educational, cultural, mutual cooperation, togetherness, and responsibility values. In addition, the community shows a highly positive response through active participation and support for the sustainability of the tradition. The implications of this study emphasize that the sahur patrol plays an important role as a medium for cultural preservation, strengthening social solidarity, and forming collective identity and character within the community.

Az Zahra Fitria; Lina Amelia; Yerina Elma Hastari; Syifa Febirizkia; Assaidatul Karimah

Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini dan Kewarganegaraan 2026 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Indonesia

Religious tolerance is an essential value that should be introduced from an early age, especially in Indonesia as a multicultural country with diverse ethnic, cultural, and religious backgrounds. Early childhood education (ECE) has an important role in fostering tolerant attitudes through meaningful learning experiences. One effective medium is local wisdom-based storybooks, which integrate cultural values and social norms into narratives accessible to children. This study aims to analyze religious tolerance values contained in local wisdom storybooks and their relevance to multicultural education in ECE. The research uses a qualitative approach with content analysis. Data sources include Indonesian folktales such as Bawang Merah dan Bawang Putih, Malin Kundang, Si Pitung, Lutung Kasarung, and Timun Mas. Data were collected through documentation and systematic reading, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model involving data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that these storybooks contain values of respect for differences, empathy, solidarity, cooperation, and peaceful conflict resolution. These values support multicultural education in ECE through storytelling, discussions, role-playing, and culturally responsive learning activities. The study concludes that local wisdom storybooks are authentic and culturally relevant resources for developing children’s multicultural competence and religious tolerance from an early age.

Yunilia Edon; Syarifuddin Gassing; Ilona V. Oisina S

Filosofi : Publikasi Ilmu Komunikasi, Desain, Seni Budaya 2026 Asosiasi Seni Desain dan Komunikasi Visual Indonesia

This study aims to analyze public relations strategies in the implementation of the Mental Revolution Program through Instagram at the Coordinating Ministry for Human Development and Cultural Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. The Mental Revolution represents an effort to transform public mindsets, attitudes, and behaviors based on the values of integrity, work ethic, and mutual cooperation in order to build a progressive and competitive nation. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, documentation, and triangulation to ensure comprehensive findings. The results indicate that the implemented public relations strategies have optimally utilized social media as a means of public communication, particularly in reaching younger audiences. These strategies include the development of positive content, cross-sector collaboration, and the use of media relations to expand information dissemination. The SWOT analysis reveals that the main strengths lie in effective team coordination, structured communication strategies, and a strong organizational culture, while weaknesses include limited human resources and insufficient technological support. Opportunities arise from extensive networks with various institutions and media, whereas threats stem from public perceptions and limited communication competencies. In practice, the Mental Revolution Program is implemented participatively through various initiatives such as Indonesia Serving, Clean, Orderly, Independent, and United, which are disseminated via Instagram. However, its implementation has not been evenly distributed across regions and has only reached approximately 70%, due to budget constraints and varying levels of commitment among local governments. Therefore, the success of this program largely depends on synergy among stakeholders and consistency in internalizing transformative values within society.

Arfa Aulia Parinduri; Florentina Verena; Nadya Putri Ramadhani; Yupita Aswaliyah; Ida Basaria

Jurnal Riset Ilmu Pendidikan, Bahasa dan Budaya 2026 Asosiasi Periset Bahasa Sastra Indonesia

This study examines the cultural meanings contained in student protest slogans during the October 2025 demonstrations using an anthropolinguistic approach. Language in protest slogans functions not only as a communication tool but also as a cultural representation reflecting social values, ideology, collective identity, and social practices. The purpose of this study is to reveal the cultural meanings embedded in student protest slogans and explain how these meanings are constructed through linguistic choices. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method with observation, note-taking, documentation, and brief interviews with participants as data collection techniques. The data were analyzed using distributional methods by identifying linguistic elements such as metaphors, irony, lexical choices, and sentence structures, then relating them to socio-cultural contexts. The findings show that protest slogans represent values of social solidarity, nationalism, social justice, transparency, criticism of power, gender equality, and resistance to state repression. In addition, slogans construct collective identities between citizens, government, and authorities, while carrying strong socio-political ideologies. These findings confirm that protest slogans are complex cultural practices and reflect students’ collective awareness in responding to social dynamics.

Putu Andika Putra Diartawan

Jurnal Hukum, Administrasi Publik dan Negara 2026 Asosiasi Peneliti Dan Pengajar Ilmu Sosial Indonesia

Awig-Awig (traditional customary law) is a form of written customary law that exists and continues to develop within indigenous communities, particularly in Bali and Lombok. As part of Indonesia's pluralistic legal system, Awig-Awig plays a significant role in regulating social order, maintaining harmony, governing inter-community relations, and preserving local cultural and religious values. This study aims to examine the existence of Awig-Awig as a binding source of law within indigenous communities, as well as to analyze its relationship with the national legal system. The methods used in this research include juridical-normative and sociological approaches, supported by case studies conducted in several indigenous villages in Bali and Lombok. The results show that Awig-Awig remains highly relevant, respected, and effectively implemented as a community guideline. However, harmonization with state law is necessary to prevent potential norm conflicts and ensure legal certainty. These findings highlight the importance of formal recognition, protection, and integration of customary law within Indonesia’s national legal framework.

Hermansyah Hermansyah; Hikmahtul Indra; Dea Nabilah; Rani Khairunnisa; Alya Resti Andesva +1 more

FUNDAMENTUM : Jurnal Pengabdian Multidisiplin 2026 Asosiasi Peneliti Dan Pengajar Ilmu Sosial Indonesia

Randai traditional art is one of the cultural heritages of Minangkabau that holds significant aesthetic, educational, and social values; however, its existence is increasingly threatened due to globalization and the declining interest of the younger generation. The lack of attention and limited preservation efforts are the main factors contributing to the decline of this traditional art. Therefore, concrete efforts are needed to preserve randai as part of local cultural identity. This article aims to examine the preservation of randai as an effort to strengthen cultural identity through the Community Service Program (KKN) using a participatory approach involving students and the community in activities such as socialization, training, and performances. The results indicate that these activities can increase public awareness of the importance of local culture and revive the interest of the younger generation in learning and preserving randai. Furthermore, the program also strengthens social cohesion and cultural identity within the community. In conclusion, the preservation of randai not only serves to maintain cultural heritage but also acts as a means of strengthening local cultural identity in the midst of modernization.

Ajrin Dwi Saputri, Laela; Wiyoso, Joko

Jurnal Riset Rumpun Seni, Desain dan Media 2026 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

This study aims to describe the aesthetics of the performance form of the Lenggok Dance created by Ida Sulistyarini and Susiati, which has developed in Banyumas Regency. The Lenggok Dance is a creative dance work rooted in the local Banyumasan tradition and presents distinctive movement characteristics along with regional cultural values. This research uses Djelantik’s aesthetic theory with a qualitative method and a phenomenological approach. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. Data validity techniques employ triangulation of sources, techniques, and time. Data analysis is carried out by examining the aesthetic elements of the dance, which include form, content or substance, and presentation or performance contained in the show. The results of the study indicate that the aesthetics of the Lenggok Dance are reflected through the harmony between dynamic and flexible lenggeran movements and the rhythmic Banyumasan musical accompaniment, as well as visual support from makeup and costumes that strengthen the character of the dance. In addition, the Lenggok Dance contains aesthetic values that represent the cultural identity of Banyumas, particularly in the processing of movements and expressions that reflect flexibility, joy, and local wisdom. This study is expected to contribute to the development of dance studies, especially related to the aesthetics of regional creative dance, and to serve as a reference for the preservation and development of Banyumasan performing arts.

Ridho Halomoan Simanjuntak; Claudia Amanda Purba; Muhammad Ammar Ghifari

SOSIAL: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan IPS 2026 Asosiasi Peneliti Dan Pengajar Ilmu Sosial Indonesia

Online gambling has become an important phenomenon in today's society, influencing various aspects of social and cultural life. This research aims to explore the impact of online gambling on the formation of global identity and the changes occurring within modern society. Using a descriptive qualitative method, data were collected through interviews with five students in Tanjung Pinang. The findings indicate that online gambling not only alters the way people interact but also leads to shifts in social values, evident in the rise of consumerist and individualistic culture. While there are negative effects, such as addiction and a decline in the quality of social relationships, online gambling also presents opportunities in the digital economy. This study recommends the need for better regulation and educational programs to raise public awareness about the risks associated with online gambling, as well as to leverage its potential benefits. Thus, this research is expected to provide a deeper understanding of the role of online gambling in shaping global identity and the dynamics of modern society.

Basaria, Ida; Hutabarat, Gaby Gabriela; Habeahan, Marta Erinda; Sembiring, Gressella Sesinta

Realisasi : Ilmu Pendidikan, Seni Rupa dan Desain 2026 Asosiasi Seni Desain dan Komunikasi Visual Indonesia

This article examines umpasa as the determinant of the validity of the Mangalahat Horbo ritual and as a vehicle for transmitting the cultural values of the Batak Toba people from an anthropolinguistic perspective. Mangalahat Horbo is a buffalo sacrifice ritual that functions simultaneously as a cosmological, political, and linguistic event. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using three theoretical frameworks: Dell Hymes' (1974) SPEAKING model to analyze the ritual as a speech event, Roland Barthes' (1968) semiotics to dissect the denotative and connotative meanings of umpasa, and Kluckhohn's (1953) theory of cultural values and Sibarani's (2014) local wisdom theory to identify embedded cultural values. The findings reveal that umpasa operates on three simultaneous layers of meaning: pragmatic-performative, social-hierarchical, and cosmological-ecological. Umpasa is not merely an aesthetic ornament but a constitutive element of the ritual that shapes the social and cosmological reality of the Bius community. Eight cultural values are identified: communicative courtesy, adat knowledge transmission, self-restraint, collective responsibility, cultural preservation, cosmological reciprocity, distributive justice, and ecological harmony. This study affirms the urgency of anthropolinguistic documentation of Mangalahat Horbo before the Parhata masters of umpasa diminish further.

Talizaro Tafonao; Desy Mintin; Daniel Agustin

Proceeding of The International Conference on Religious Education and Cross - Cultural Understanding 2026 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat Indonesia

The development of globalization and digital culture has given rise to an epistemological crisis that shifts the authority of truth from revelation to social construction, so that the authority of the Bible in Christian education is increasingly marginalized. This condition has an impact on the low internalization of the value of faith, where students understand the Bible cognitively but do not live it in daily practice. This research aims to reconstruct the authority of the Bible in Christian education through an integrative and contextual approach in the midst of global cultural fragmentation. This research uses a qualitative approach with a library research method that integrates theological, pedagogical, and digital cultural contexts. Data were obtained from theological literature, educational theory, and relevant journal articles, which were analyzed using content analysis techniques and theological-constructive reflection. The results show that the crisis of biblical authority is influenced by epistemic shifts, the dominance of post-truth culture, low internalization of values, and non-contextual pedagogical approaches. This research creates a model of reconstruction of biblical authority that integrates the epistemological, pedagogical, and bruxistic dimensions in a transformational manner. In conclusion, this reconstruction does not change the theological substance of the Bible but updates the approach to learning to be more dialogical, reflective, and contextual, so that the authority of the Bible remains relevant in shaping the faith and character of learners in the global era.  

John Massie; Yohanes Nduru; Herbin Simanjuntak

Proceeding of The International Conference on Religious Education and Cross - Cultural Understanding 2026 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat Indonesia

The crisis of authority in global culture is a complex phenomenon reflecting a fundamental shift in how humans understand truth, values, and the sources of legitimacy of knowledge. This research focuses on the dynamics of epistemological change in global society influenced by digital technology, cultural relativism, and value pluralism. The main issue studied is how this crisis of authority influences the construction of truth and value systems in contemporary society, as well as its implications for social and spiritual life. The aim of this research is to develop an interdisciplinary analysis that integrates perspectives from philosophy, sociology, theology, and media studies in understanding this phenomenon. The method used is a qualitative approach based on systematic literature studies with a critical analysis of recent academic sources. The main findings indicate that the crisis of authority is characterized not only by the weakening of traditional institutions but also by the emergence of "alternative authorities" based on algorithms, public opinion, and subjective experience. This results in the fragmentation of truth, the relativization of values, and a crisis of epistemological legitimacy. The synthesis of this research confirms that the reconstruction of authority requires an integrative approach that combines rationality, ethics, and spiritual dimensions. In conclusion, the crisis of authority in global culture is not merely a challenge, but rather an opportunity to build a new epistemological paradigm that is more holistic, reflective, and rooted in transcendent values.  

Flora Amalia Putri A.N.I; Hamidah Alsyach; Maria Meutia; Enny Diah Astuti

Jurnal Mahasiswa Kreatif 2026 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

This study aims to analyze the influence of the TikTok application on changes in the lifestyles of teenage girls in the digital age. TikTok, as one of the most popular social media platforms among the younger generation, plays an important role in shaping the way they think, behave, and interact socially. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach to describe the challenges faced in maintaining a positive lifestyle, as well as efforts to minimize its negative impacts. The results of the study show that TikTok has a dual impact: positively, this platform facilitates self-expression, creativity, and the development of interests; however, negatively, excessive use can trigger consumptive behavior, decreased self-confidence, and deviations from social and cultural values. Factors such as beauty trends, imitation of foreign cultures, and social pressure in the virtual world also influence the lifestyles of adolescent girls. To reduce these negative impacts, it is necessary to improve digital literacy, parental supervision, and education on social media ethics in schools. With a wise approach, TikTok can be used as a positive tool in building the character, creativity, and self-confidence of adolescent girls in the digital age.

Maharani Safitri; Rika Maryam; Oktaviana Br Ginting M; Vieronica Varbi Sununianti; Istiqoma Istiqoma +1 more

RISOMA : Jurnal Riset Sosial Humaniora dan Pendidikan 2026 Asosiasi Ilmuwan Pendidikan, Sosial, dan Humaniora Indonesia

Flood disasters have repeatedly affected Aceh Tamiang Regency for over fifteen years, causing significant material and socio-cultural losses. This study aims to examine the social response of the community through a literature review approach, using Jurgen Habermas's Communicative Action Theory as the analytical framework. Data were collected systematically from national journal articles, scientific proceedings, and academic reports related to flood mitigation and community social response in Aceh Tamiang. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis and thematic analysis techniques. The findings reveal that the community's response is primarily driven by local solidarity rooted in cultural values and local wisdom such as hadih maja. In Habermasian terms, this social response reflects the lifeworld domain, manifesting in voluntary collective action. However, a structural tension exists between the government's top-down system and the community's communicative rationality. Effective disaster mitigation requires the development of participatory public spaces that bridge the system and lifeworld, enabling the transformation from instrumental action to communicative action, thereby strengthening collective resilience against flood disasters.

Qoniatunnimah Qoniatunnimah; Difa Rose Meilia; Sawaldi Waskito Aji; Anik Widiastuti

Jurnal Manajemen dan Ekonomi Bisnis 2026 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

The development of Indonesia’s traditional cuisine faces significant hurdles as shifting consumer preferences increasingly favor modern food options. This trend necessitates innovative approaches to ensure local culinary heritage remains competitive. This study examines the role of sociopreneurship as an innovation strategy at Ingkung Djawa Waroeng Ndesso. Utilizing a descriptive qualitative design, the research gathered insights from the business owner and employees selected via purposive sampling. Data collection involved interviews, observations, and documentation, with validity ensured through source triangulation. The analysis followed the Miles and Huberman model, encompassing data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. Findings reveal that implementing sociopreneurship effectively integrates economic and social objectives by preserving authentic recipes, empowering local communities, and generating employment. Key innovations include diversifying product offerings while maintaining authenticity and leveraging social media for strategic marketing. These results demonstrate that social entrepreneurship serves as a powerful mechanism for enhancing business competitiveness while safeguarding cultural sustainability. The study implies that traditional culinary development can be successfully managed through a sociopreneurial framework, allowing for modern innovation without compromising core cultural values. Consequently, this model offers a sustainable pathway for traditional businesses to thrive amidst the challenges of contemporary market globalization.

Tazkiyatun Nafiah. P; Dika Tripitasari; Ahdar Ahdar

Karakter : Jurnal Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Islam 2026 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat Indonesia

This study aims to formulate an integrated Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning strategy that synthesizes the acculturation of Islam Nusantara and ecological ethics as a response to the fragmented character of conventional PAI learning which has not yet optimally integrated local cultural values and ecological awareness. This research employs a qualitative library research method with a systematic literature review approach, analyzing 28 primary sources selected from 67 identified literature published between 2019 and 2025. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis through six stages: familiarization, initial coding, theme searching, theme reviewing, theme defining, and report writing. The findings reveal that Islam Nusantara contains three relevant pedagogical principles cultural humility (tawadu' budaya), cosmological inclusivity, and peaceful transformation while Islamic teachings hold rich ecotheological dimensions through the concepts of ecological tauhid, khalifah fi al-ardh, amanah, and rahmatan lil 'alamin. Based on this synthesis, four integrated learning strategies are formulated: Contextual-Cultural Learning, Eco-Thematic Quranic Interpretation, Community-Based Ecological Projects, and Ecological Spiritual Reflection. This study proposes a new conceptual framework termed "PAI Nusantara-Ekologis," which positions students not merely as ritually devout individuals but as responsible stewards (khalifah) of the earth.

Agnia Nagita Selvira; Al Nur Andari; Firda Rahma Solihah; Syifa Putri Gunawan; Supriyono Supriyono

Jurnal Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan 2026 Asosiasi Periset Bahasa Sastra Indonesia

This study aims to identify and analyze the application of Pancasila values in the development of Indonesian tourism as a foundation for ethics and character. The method used is library research, reviewing various relevant written sources, including books, journals, articles, and other academic publications. The findings indicate that globalization exerts both positive and negative influences on Indonesian tourism, while simultaneously opening opportunities for the advancement of more ethical and responsible tourism practices. The integration of Pancasila values within the tourism sector such as mutual cooperation, environmental stewardship, social justice, and respect for cultural diversity can foster sustainable tourism development that balances economic growth with moral responsibility. Furthermore, these values contribute to strengthening national identity, preserving local wisdom, and enhancing community participation in tourism activities. The study also highlights that tourism grounded in Pancasila principles can improve social welfare by empowering local communities and promoting inclusive development. In conclusion, the application of Pancasila principles in tourism development is essential for maintaining a balance between economic progress and socio-cultural preservation, while reinforcing national character and resilience in the face of globalization and rapid global change.

Rafly Maulana Yahya

An International Journal Tourism and Community Review 2026 Akademi Kesejahteraan Sosial Ibu Kartini Semarang

Public facility cleanliness is a reflection of cultural values and collective social responsibility. Bus stops, as daily transit points for thousands of commuters, often face declining cleanliness due to limited user participation and management. This community service program was conducted on April 22, 2026, at RSAL Bus Stop, Surabaya, Indonesia, with one researcher as the sole implementer. The objectives were to improve physical cleanliness, provide environmental education, and enhance aesthetics through greening. The method consisted of three activities: installing cleanliness reminder posters, cleaning the bus stop area, and adding ornamental plants in flower pots. Evaluation employed qualitative descriptive techniques, including observation, photographic documentation, and informal interviews. Findings revealed that the bus stop floor, initially littered with plastic waste, cigarette butts, and dry leaves, became clean after sweeping. Posters were successfully placed in visible positions, and three flower pots containing Sansevieria trifasciata and Epipremnum aureum created a fresher atmosphere. Users responded positively, noting improved comfort and cleanliness. The synthesis indicates that simple interventions by a single individual can generate meaningful improvements when combining physical cleaning, visual education, and greening. This initiative demonstrates that small-scale university-led social responsibility programs can serve as replicable models for sustainable public facility management.

Huliandro Di’Almon Pan

Berkat : Jurnal Pendidikan Agama dan Katolik 2026 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the role of liturgical inculturation in shaping the faith experience of the congregation through the practice of Inculturated Mass at St. Klemens Mandonga Parish. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach combined with literature review and a survey involving 96 parish respondents. The findings indicate that most parishioners perceive inculturation as an encounter between Catholic faith and local culture that helps them experience their faith in a more contextual and meaningful way in everyday life. The practice of the Inculturated Mass is considered not only to enrich liturgical celebrations through the use of local cultural elements, but also to encourage active participation among the faithful during worship. In addition, liturgical inculturation fosters awareness of the importance of preserving local culture in harmony with Christian values. Such contextual liturgical experiences help deepen the spiritual relationship between the faithful and God, strengthen brotherhood within the community, and build a more inclusive and harmonious communal identity. Therefore, liturgical inculturation plays an important role in shaping a more vibrant, profound, and contextual experience of faith within both the Church and society.