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This study is based on the urgency of examining the inheritance rights of adopted children after their adoptive parents separate, examined from the perspective of Islamic law and positive regulations applicable in Indonesia. The main objective of this study is to analyze the legal status of adopted children and their inheritance rights after the adoptive parents' divorce based on both legal frameworks. The methodology used is a literature study by gathering information from various relevant references and regulations. The findings of this study indicate that under Islamic law, adopted children are not automatically entitled to inheritance, but can receive a gift, will, or mandatory will with a maximum limit of one-third of the adoptive parents' assets. Meanwhile, under Indonesian positive law, the inheritance rights of adopted children depend on the court's decision during the adoption process, and even though the adoptive parents have divorced, the inheritance rights remain recorded in accordance with the existing court decision. These findings reflect the need for legal certainty to protect the rights of adopted children and emphasize the importance of clear regulations to avoid inheritance conflicts after divorce. This study is expected to serve as a reference for policymakers and legal practitioners in addressing issues related to the inheritance rights of adopted children.

Financial literacy is an essential skill that needs to be instilled from an early age so that the younger generation develops the ability and habit of managing money wisely. This study focuses on efforts to improve financial literacy through savings awareness among children in Ndeskati Village. The background of this research is based on the low understanding of children about the importance of saving and the lack of age-appropriate financial education facilities. The research method employed is a qualitative approach involving observation, interviews, and direct practice of saving activities through a simple program. The findings show that children begin to understand the concept of saving not only as storing money but also as a step toward achieving future goals. Furthermore, the active participation of parents and mentors plays an important role in building consistent saving habits. Through this financial literacy program based on savings awareness, it is expected to create a generation that is disciplined, responsible, and capable of managing finances properly from an early age.

This study examines the revitalization of the Qur’anic Education Center (TPA) in Mekar Jaya Village, which had ceased operating due to the loss of its main teacher and limited volunteer support. Using a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach, the program engaged community members, volunteers, religious leaders, and parents in collaborative efforts to restore regular Qur’an learning activities and strengthen the TPA’s function as a vital center of Islamic education. The intervention led to increased student participation, including the return of former learners and the enrollment of new participants, as well as improved learning motivation through active engagement and parental support. This collaborative revitalization not only revived essential Islamic learning for children but also fostered sustained community involvement, highlighting the critical role of volunteers and local leadership in sustaining nonformal religious education. The model developed through this initiative provides practical implications for other rural communities seeking to maintain and strengthen Islamic educational institutions.

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made it a part of the teens' routine, but the intensity of its use raises concerns about mental health. This study aims to analyze the pattern of AI utilization and its impact on stress, anxiety, and depression in students of St. Petrus Medan High School using the framework of Self-Determination Theory (SDT), namely competence, autonomy, and connectedness). The research was conducted with a quantitative approach through a survey of 64 students using a total sampling technique, equipped with focused group discussions (FGDs) and literature review. The results show that more than 70% of students use AI on a regular basis, mainly through chatbots (81%) and social media (73%). Some students (35.9%) also use AI as a means of venting. Although 85.9% of respondents found AI to be helpful, the majority (59.3%) reported feeling inferior as a result of comparing themselves to AI results. These findings reveal a psychological paradox, where AI is perceived as a solution as well as a source of pressure. This condition has the potential to trigger stress and anxiety, although depressive symptoms do not yet appear to be dominant. This research emphasizes the importance of healthy digital literacy as well as mentoring from schools and parents to reduce the risk of AI addiction and maintain adolescent mental well-being.

The early childhood period, commonly referred to as the Golden Age, is considered the most critical stage of development, during which rapid advancement in various domains, including language ability, is observed. This study examined how parental communication patterns influence the language development of children in Gla Meunasah Baro Village. Krueng Barona Jaya Subdistrict, Aceh Besar District. An analytic quantitative method was applied, using a cross-sectional design. The study involved a total of 115 parents, and the researcher selected 89 respondents as the sample using purposive sampling. The researcher collected data through questionnaires measured on an ordinal scale and then analyzed the information using univariate and bivariate techniques, including the Chi-Square test. The analysis showed that most respondents, consisting of 85 parents (95.5%), applied good communication patterns, while 3 respondents (3.4%) were classified as moderate, and 1 respondent (1.15%) as poor. In addition, 84 children (94.4%) were identified as not being at risk of language delay, while 5 children (5.6%) were considered potentially at risk. Bivariate analysis revealed a significant relationship between parental communication patterns and early childhood language development, as indicated by a ρ value of 0.015 (< α = 0.05). It is suggested that communication with children be carried out in an open, attentive, and reciprocal manner so that their language development can be maximally supported and the risk of delays minimized.

The free lunch program at SD Negeri 101 Central Maluku has drawn significant attention, particularly from parents who are the primary stakeholders of this initiative. Based on in-depth interviews with 20 parents from various economic and social backgrounds, it was found that the majority of respondents responded positively to the implementation of the program. They considered it highly beneficial in reducing daily household expenses, especially for their children's meals during school hours. Approximately 85% of parents stated that since the launch of the free lunch program, they no longer needed to provide their children with pocket money or meals from home. This not only reduces daily expenses but also provides peace of mind, knowing that their children are receiving adequate nutrition at school. These findings align with Fitriyani (2022), who stated that school meal programs directly contribute to family economic savings. On the other hand, a small portion of respondents (around 15%) expressed concerns about the quality and hygiene of the food provided. They emphasized the importance of supervision in the preparation and distribution process, ensuring that the program meets not only quantity standards but also nutritional quality and cleanliness. This concern is crucial as it directly relates to students' health. Overall, this study indicates that parents’ perceptions of the free lunch program at SD Negeri 101 Central Maluku are generally positive, with critical notes on food quality, parental involvement, and funding sustainability. These findings offer strong recommendations for policymakers to strengthen this program as part of efforts to improve the quality of basic education in the region.

Children's needs Every individual has basic needs. And every child has special needs. Therefore, parents should understand what the basic needs of a child are. The basic needs of a child include 3 basic needs that are usually described, namely the needs of children in ASAH, ASIH, NURTURING. Needs are everything that man needs to sustain life and to obtain well-being and comfort. Abraham H. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs takes the form of a pyramid: self-actualization, the need for appreciation, the need for belonging and love, the need for security (salvation), and physiological needs. This scientific paper uses the method of literature review and descriptive writing using primary and secondary sources. The results of this study show that the needs of a child must be considered by parents to achieve appropriate development for children based also on the Qur'an and health science.

Teachers’ religious understanding plays a vital role in shaping early childhood religious attitudes through systematic, consistent, and contextual guidance. This study aims to analyze the implementation of teachers’ religious understanding in fostering children’s religious attitudes at Yayasan Taman Pendidikan TPQ/RA Wahyu Medan. The research applied a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, using in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation to explore teachers’ experiences in religious nurturing practices. The findings revealed that teachers have successfully integrated religious values into learning activities, such as collective prayers, memorization of short Qur’anic surahs, greeting habits, and prayer exercises. However, challenges remain, including limited use of interactive learning media and low parental involvement in supporting religious habituation at home. These findings imply that teachers’ religious understanding should be enhanced through continuous training and strengthened collaboration with parents to optimize the fostering of children’s religious attitudes. This study contributes to the development of early childhood education, particularly in strengthening character education based on religious values.

Inheritance involving adopted children often becomes a complex and controversial issue in Indonesia’s dual legal system. In Islamic law, inheritance is strictly based on blood and marital relationships; therefore, adopted children are not considered legal heirs. To address this limitation, Article 209 of the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) introduces the concept of a wasiat wajibah or mandatory will, allowing adopted children to receive up to one-third of the adoptive parents’ estate. In contrast, civil law treats adopted children as equivalent to biological children if the adoption is legally recognized, granting them full inheritance rights. These contrasting provisions create legal disparities and confusion within society. This study aims to explore the different legal treatments of adopted children under both systems, identify the challenges they face, and analyze efforts toward harmonization. Using a qualitative, normative-juridical approach through literature and regulatory analysis, the study finds that Islamic law restricts inheritance through gifts and wills, while civil law ensures equal rights. Challenges include legal uncertainty, inconsistent judicial interpretations, and potential conflicts between adopted and biological heirs. Harmonization efforts are reflected in KHI provisions, legal reforms on adoption, and judicial practices seeking to balance sharia principles, social justice, and legal certainty.

This study departs from the urgency of early childhood religious education as the foundation for shaping religious and moderate character. The lack of Qur’an learning facilities and qualified teachers in Karang Mulya Village has hindered children aged 6–10 years in mastering Qur’anic literacy skills, even though this stage is considered a golden period of cognitive, affective, and psychomotor development. To address this issue, the research employed a qualitative descriptive method combined with a Project-Based Learning (PjBL) approach, which allowed the teaching process to be linked with practical and contextual activities. Data were collected through direct observation, structured interviews with parents and teachers, and careful documentation of student progress. The analysis was carried out through systematic steps of data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal significant improvements in children’s ability to recognize, read, and write hijaiyah letters, although variations remain, particularly in creativity and independence. Furthermore, Qur’anic literacy activities meaningfully contributed to strengthening the understanding of religious moderation values, such as national commitment, tolerance, anti-violence, and acceptance of local culture. In conclusion, student service activities through Qur’anic literacy not only enhanced technical skills but also functioned as an effective medium for building religious moderation foundations from an early age.

Strengthening the education of students and parents through flagship programs such as Tahfidz Quran, Hizbul Wathan, and Silat Tapak Suci is a noble effort that must be present in Islamic education, especially in the era of information disruption 5.0. The strategic role of teachers, parents, and religious leaders is crucial in shaping a generation that is both faithful and virtuous. Education that integrates religious values and local wisdom serves as a foundation for facing the increasingly complex challenges of the modern world. Therefore, the community service team is committed to sharing the knowledge they possess with parents, teacher councils, and students at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Swasta Muhammadiyah Kota Pariaman. Through this program, it is expected that the understanding and skills in educating children will improve, and the relationship between schools, families, and communities will be strengthened. With proper guidance, it is hoped that future generations will be able to face global challenges while maintaining strong religious and moral principles.

This study highlights the crucial role of learning interest as a key determinant of success in the educational process. The research was conducted through interviews with teachers and direct observations in the learning environment, aiming to explore how various factors influence students’ interest, particularly in religious education. The findings indicate that teachers play an essential role by adopting creative approaches in their teaching methods. For instance, the integration of digital tools, such as instructional videos, was found to be highly effective in capturing students’ attention and enhancing their engagement during lessons. Furthermore, parental support emerged as a significant factor, as parents act as the first educators at home by instilling fundamental religious values and attitudes that shape students’ motivation. The results also suggest that a positive classroom atmosphere, where students feel appreciated and supported by their teachers, contributes to higher levels of interest and participation in religious studies. In addition, the study emphasizes the importance of differentiated instruction, where tasks are adjusted to match students’ abilities and learning needs. By connecting lesson materials with real-life experiences, teachers can further foster students’ intrinsic motivation, making learning more meaningful and relevant. Overall, the research demonstrates that cultivating interest in learning requires collaboration between teachers, parents, and supportive learning environments.

The sulang-sulang hariapan tradition is a significant cultural heritage of the Batak Toba community that embodies values of love, respect for elders, family reconciliation, equitable inheritance distribution, and leadership regeneration. The ritual is traditionally performed by offering food to parents who have reached the status of saur matua, symbolizing gratitude and respect. It is also accompanied by requests for blessings, advice, and public acknowledgment of mistakes, thus fostering peace, forgiveness, and social harmony within the community. However, in contemporary practice, the meaning of this tradition has gradually shifted toward a more formalized ceremony that emphasizes social status rather than its original spiritual and communal values. This study employs descriptive qualitative methods, combining field research with theological reflection, to examine how the values inherent in sulang-sulang hariapan can be understood in the light of the Gospel. The findings indicate that the tradition has profound potential to serve as a contextual medium for Christian faith expression. Therefore, it is crucial to revitalize its theological meaning so that the tradition remains relevant and transformative in strengthening family bonds and nurturing leadership in the modern era.

Mosques play a strategic role as centers of worship and community development at the local level, serving not only as places of worship but also as spaces for non-formal religious education. However, many rural mosques are experiencing declining functionality due to limited facilities, human resources, and a lack of sustainable programs. This condition is evident in the Al-Karomah Mosque in Kalibundar Hamlet, where religious activities have declined due to the lack of sustainability of the Al-Qur'an Education Park (TPA) program. This community service activity aims to revitalize the function of the mosque by strengthening the TPA by emphasizing the instilling of religious moderation values ​​and increasing community participation. The method used is Participatory Action Research (PAR) involving mosque administrators, TPA teachers, community leaders, and parents of students through observation, interviews, and documentation of activities. The program implemented includes improving TPA management, teacher training, developing a simple curriculum based on religious moderation, and reactivating Quran recitation activities and habituating worship. The results of the activity indicate an increase in interest in learning the Quran, strengthening the values ​​of tolerance and togetherness, increasing community participation, and growing awareness of the importance of religious moderation. Thus, revitalizing prayer rooms through strengthening TPA is effective in strengthening religiosity while building social harmony based on religious moderation. The method used in this article is Participatory Action Research (PAR), involving mushola management, TPA teachers, community leaders, and parents of students through field observations, interviews with religious figures, and activity documentation. Program activities include improving TPA management, teacher training, developing a simple curriculum based on religious moderation, and reactivating Qur’anic learning and regular worship activities. The results of the program show: (1) increased interest in learning the Qur'an among children and youth, (2) strengthened values of tolerance, togetherness, and social awareness, (3) growing community participation in religious activities, (4) the role of the mushola as a center of religious moderation at the hamlet level, (5) increased participation of students and community members, (6) rising awareness of the importance of religious moderation, and (7) the reestablishment of Mushola Al-Karomah as a center of community religious activities. Thus, revitalizing the mushola through the TPA has proven effective in strengthening religious values while building social harmony based on religious moderation

Christian religioun education regarding values ​​and ethics must be able to guide and  develop the  character and ethical values ​​according to what is taught in the Bible, for students at school have the right foundation from an early age. The method used is an analytical method that analyzes problems using qualitative methods with a study approach. This research relates to data or written material that is appropriate to the topic of discussion. Christ's character education method given to children is not just theoretical, but as parents directly and automatically become teachers who must teach noble values ​​in the family and provide and share role models for children to emulate. Character education is a system of instilling and developing character values ​​in children which includes knowledge, awareness or will, and actions to implement these values, both towards God, oneself, others, the environment and nationality so that they become virtuous human beings.

Intestinal parasitic infections caused by non-Soil Transmitted Helminths (non-STH), particularly Enterobius vermicularis, remain a public health problem in developing countries, including Indonesia. Transmission does not require soil as a medium but occurs through direct contact, autoinfection, or unclean household environments. In children, infection may cause perianal itching, sleep disturbances, loss of appetite, and secondary infections due to scratching, which can affect nutritional status, sleep quality, and overall growth and development. This study was conducted in Kupang City, an endemic area of helminthiasis, to determine the prevalence and risk factors of E. vermicularis infection among children aged 1–5 years. A cross-sectional design with total sampling was applied to 30 children living in RT 008/RW 003, Penfui Timur Village, Kupang Tengah District, from February to May 2025. Risk factor data were collected using structured questionnaires covering personal hygiene, environmental sanitation, socioeconomic status, and parental education. Infection was identified using the scotch tape technique and microscopic examination. The results showed a prevalence of 7% (2 out of 30 children), mainly among boys aged ≥4 years, with poor personal hygiene, inadequate sanitation, low economic status, and parental education at elementary school level or below. In conclusion, enterobiasis in children is influenced by a combination of behavioral, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. Prevention should not rely solely on mass deworming programs but also require continuous health education for parents, improved hygiene practices, and household sanitation.

This paper discusses the theological study of tortor somba in the death ceremony of saur matua in the Batak Toba community. Tortor somba is believed to be able to realize the bond of brotherhood between those present in the death ceremony of a perfect person in kinship. The person is called saur matua, which means complete or perfect, namely a person who has had children and grandchildren, and has succeeded in life both socially and materially. Tortor somba is also believed to be a sign of respect, welcoming those who have a higher position, with this respect can receive blessings. The purpose of this study is to explore the meaning of tortor somba in the death ritual of saur matua in the Batak Toba community, as well as to determine the theological views on the death ritual of saur matua in the Batak Toba community. The research method in this researcher uses a qualitative research method with an ethnographic approach by conducting interviews with one of the village officials, three people representing the Batak Toba community, three traditional leaders, one HKBP Pastor, one GKPI Pastor, and one Catholic Tomok Pastor. The data was studied to examine theological studies regarding tortor somba in the saur matua death ceremony in the Toba Batak community.The results of the research show that the meaning of tortor somba in the Saur Matua death ceremony in the Toba Batak community is a form of pride, respect, and also gratitude. Tortor somba in death ceremonies is not only a child's form of respect for their deceased parents, but also to honor the spirits of ancestors or forefathers. This expression of respect is intended for ancestors. It is also important to provide new knowledge to the younger generation that tortor somba must be based on and illuminated by the word of God in order to maintain and respect culture, because if understood properly and correctly, religion and culture will complement each other.

Islamic Religious Education (PAI) plays a crucial role in fostering good morals in students, enabling them to develop Islamic character and face the challenges of the times with strong spiritual values. However, the implementation of PAI teaching in the field often still prioritizes traditional lecture methods, which lead to less student participation, boredom, and less than satisfactory learning outcomes. This small study aims to explore the PAI learning models and strategies implemented by teachers at the Al-Hidayah Foundation, the challenges they face, and their impact on students. This study used a qualitative approach with a case study method through in-depth interviews with PAI teachers. The results revealed that teachers have begun to integrate lecture methods with more innovative learning strategies such as contextual, cooperative, and technology-based, although their implementation has not always been consistent. The main challenges faced include limited infrastructure, a lack of professional training for teachers, and low learning motivation among some students. The visible impact is increased student engagement in the learning process when innovative strategies are implemented, although their effectiveness still needs to be strengthened with support from the institution and parents. Therefore, the Islamic Religious Education teachers at the Al-Hidayah Foundation not only function as teachers, but also as motivators and facilitators in the learning process to ensure that the goals of Islamic education can be achieved properly.

Introduction: Elementary school children play a very important role in the development stages of children in their middle and final stages of childhood. Children's emotional mental health can also influence their own future, and have a big impact on family, friends, teachers and society, because Parents need to supervise their children when using smartphones. The duration of smartphone use for children aged 3-S years is 1 hour per day and for children aged 6-18 years is 2 hours per day. Method:The design of this research is a quantitative descriptive design using a cross sectional approach. The samples for this research are 71 students using a total sampling technique. The measuring tool for this research used the SDQ (Strength & Difficulties Questionnaire) questionnaire. There are 5 categories or aspects of behavior that are measured to detect emotional mental health, namely emotional problems, behavioral problems, hyperactivity, peer problems, and prosocial, each category has 3 divisions, Normal Borderline, Abnormal. Result:The research results obtain are Normal 4 (5.6%), Borderline 62 (87.4%). Abnormal are 5 (7.0%). Conclusion:It is hoped that this research will provide input for elementary school children so that they can adapt to their environment. Parents also play a very important role for children so that children do not become addicted to smartphones.  

This study aims to analyze the forms of conflicts that arise within the educational environment and their implications for educational management. The research employs a quantitative approach based on library research by reviewing relevant journal articles published between 2020 and 2025 that address value conflicts, educational policies, and inter-stakeholder interests. The results indicate that value conflicts are often influenced by cultural differences, parenting styles, technological developments, and friction between traditional and modern values in schools. Policy conflicts emerge when national policies are not aligned with the readiness of facilities, teachers’ competencies, and school contexts. Meanwhile, conflicts of interest occur due to differing priorities among teachers, school principals, parents, and the government. These findings emphasize the importance of implementing adaptive and collaborative management strategies. This article provides an overview of an ideal educational management model to address conflicts and identify opportunities for improvement in the future.