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The policy to implement the deep learning approach in Indonesian schools starting from the 2025/2026 academic year requires teachers to be well prepared to design and conduct meaningful and in-depth learning. This community service program aimed to enhance the understanding and pedagogical competence of senior high school and madrasah economics teachers in Tasikmalaya City in implementing the deep learning approach comprehensively. The program employed a community-based science and technology application scheme through training and mentoring activities conducted in face-to-face, online, and hybrid modes, consisting of planning, implementation, and evaluation stages. The training materials covered the concept and implementation of deep learning, lesson planning, instructional design and models, learning evaluation, development of innovative technology-based learning media, and reinforcement of microeconomic and macroeconomic content. A total of 78 economics teachers participating in the MGMP of Tasikmalaya City were involved in the program. The results indicate that the training improved teachers’ understanding of deep learning, lesson planning, and assessment strategies that support meaningful learning. Participants’ reflections revealed high motivation and strong relevance of the training materials to their professional duties. This program contributes to strengthening teachers’ readiness to implement deep learning sustainably and supports the improvement of economics learning quality in schools.

This research aims to develop a deep learning-based mathematics e-module with the integration of the context of the Suramadu Bridge in scale and comparison materials for grade VII junior high school students. The development model used is the 4D (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate) model which includes the stage of defining learning needs, designing e-modules, product development, and limited deployment. The research instruments used included validation sheets of media and material experts, observation sheets of teacher and student activities, learning outcome tests, and student response questionnaires. The results of the study showed that the e-modules developed met the valid criteria with a media validity level of 94.29% and material of 95%. In addition, the e-module is considered practical with teacher practicality of 78.67% and students of 86.67%, and effective with a learning effectiveness rate of 83.83%. The students' response to the e-module was also very positive, which showed that the integration of the local context of the Suramadu Bridge and the deep learning approach was able to increase student engagement, learning motivation, and understanding of mathematical concepts in a meaningful way. These findings indicate that local context-based e-modules can be an innovative alternative in mathematics learning that is relevant to students' real lives as well as support the implementation of 21st century learning.

Education in Indonesia continues to face significant challenges in transforming its curriculum to meet 21st-century competency demands, especially with the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum, which emphasizes flexibility, contextual learning, and a student-centered approach. This study aims to analyze teachers’ roles in implementing student-centered learning, identify the challenges they encounter, and examine strategies used to address these obstacles. Using a qualitative library research method, the study reviews primary and secondary literature related to student-centered learning theory, learning experiences, authentic assessment, and the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum. Findings show that teachers serve as the central factor in ensuring the success of active and student-centered learning. Those who are adaptive and innovative are able to design meaningful learning experiences even when confronted with limited facilities, diverse student needs, and classroom management constraints. Nevertheless, many teachers still struggle with differentiated instruction, authentic assessment, and the flexible learning management required by the Merdeka Curriculum. This study underscores the need to improve teachers’ pedagogical competence, provide sufficient learning resources, and develop responsive educational policies to strengthen the overall implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in schools.

This study aims to analyze the obstacles in Social Studies (IPS) learning related to global issues influenced by technological advancement through a literature review method. Social Studies plays an essential role in shaping students’ understanding of social, economic, cultural, and political life while fostering global awareness in the digital era. However, in practice, IPS learning often faces various challenges that reduce its effectiveness and attractiveness. One of the main problems is students ’low interestin IPS, as it is often perceived as boring and overly theoretical, combined with the influence of technology that diverts students’ attention toward digital entertainment. Other contributing factors include non-interactive teaching methods, limited learning facilities, unconducive classroom environments, and a lack of parental support. Through a comprehensive literature review, this study found that relevant strategies to overcome these issues include Project-Based Learning, Technology Integration, and Contextual Approaches. These strategies enable students to learn actively, critically, and collaboratively by linking IPS material to global issues and real-world phenomena. The recommended solutions include implementing project-based education, utilizing interactive digital media, and fostering intercultural dialogue within the learning process. The results of this study are expected to provide theoretical contributions to the development of adaptive IPS learning models in response to technological progress, as well as practical benefits for teachers, schools, and policymakers in creating Social Studies learning that is engaging, meaningful, and relevant to the global challenges of the 21st century.

Literature is not only a source of entertainment, but also a tool for contemplating human life that is full of internal conflicts and psychological issues. Short stories as a type of literature often present the realities of life in a concise yet meaningful way, making them interesting to analyze with a variety of scientific methods. This research focuses on the short story "Happiness That Kills" by applying two main approaches, namely the analysis of intrinsic elements and literary psychology. This story depicts a happy state that appears from the outside, but actually hides the emotional burden experienced by the main character, Malla. The method applied in this study is qualitative descriptive with literature study techniques, which is oriented towards the introduction of themes, plots, characters, settings, and mandates, as well as exploring the psychological dynamics of characters using Freud's psychoanalytic theory. The results of the study show that the internal conflicts in this story arise from the battle between the id, ego, and superego, especially when Malla struggles to maintain harmony in her family at the expense of herself. Overall, this short story shows that forced happiness can lead to suffering. By combining structural and psychological analysis, this study reveals the deep meaning related to social pressures, inner struggles, and humanitarian messages that the author seeks to convey. It is hoped that the results of this research can contribute to the study of literature, especially in understanding the relationship between story structure and the psychological condition of characters in contemporary literary works.

Low levels of political literacy and political participation awareness among female university students remain a challenge for strengthening democracy at the local level. This condition is also found among female students in East Lombok, who tend to perceive political participation narrowly and lack the skills and confidence to engage actively as citizens. This community service program aims to enhance political literacy, participatory awareness, and the capacity of female students to understand and practice political participation in a critical and responsible manner. The program was implemented at the Institut Teknologi Sosial dan Kesehatan Muhammadiyah Selong using a community organizing approach integrated into the academic learning process. The methods included participatory discussions, mentoring, simulations, and critical reflection, positioning female students as active subjects throughout the activities. The results indicate an improvement in participants’ understanding of the meaning and forms of political participation, increased confidence in expressing opinions, and the emergence of new awareness regarding their roles as democratic citizens. In addition, a female student discussion group was formed as a space for collective learning and an early platform for local leadership. This program highlights the role of higher education institutions in promoting social transformation and strengthening women’s political participation at the local level.

This study aims to develop a Student Worksheet (LKPD) on Chemical Bonding assisted by Augmented Reality (AR) based on deep learning and to examine its feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness in improving learning activities and higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) of high school students. The research employed a 4D development model (define, design, develop, and disseminate) using a pretest posttest control group design involving 11th grade students. Research instruments included expert validation sheets, learning activity questionnaires, and HOTS test instruments. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The results indicated that the AR-based LKPD met very feasible and practical criteria based on expert judgment and student responses. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in learning activities and HOTS achievement (p = 0.005). The increase in HOTS scores in the experimental group was categorized as moderate, indicating meaningful learning gains. These findings demonstrate that the AR-assisted Chemical Bonding LKPD is effective as an innovative learning medium for supporting students’ understanding of abstract chemistry concepts and fostering higher-order thinking skills.

This study aims to (1) analyze the effect of gamification on students’ learning motivation and (2) analyze the effect of gamification on students’ positive perceptions in economics learning among Grade X students at SMAN 1 Pangkep. This research employed a quantitative approach with an ex post facto design and involved 198 students selected through proportional random sampling. A Likert-scale questionnaire was used as the main research instrument to measure the variables of gamification, learning motivation, and positive perception. Data analysis was conducted using simple linear regression to identify relationship patterns and determine the magnitude of influence of the independent variable on both dependent variables. The results of the study indicate that gamification has a positive and significant effect on student learning motivation. In addition, gamification also has a positive and significant effect on students' positive perceptions of economics learning. These findings indicate that the application of gamification elements in learning can encourage student engagement, increase learning motivation, and create a more interesting, enjoyable, and meaningful learning experience..

Technological developments and modern lifestyles have indirectly changed the way elementary school children interact with their surroundings. Most of them spend all day playing with gadgets. The lack of physical interaction with the natural environment is not just a matter of preference, but can also affect many important aspects of child development. Therefore, an innovative approach is needed to bridge this gap, namely, through aquascape training. Aquascape is the art of arranging and combining aquatic plants, water, sand, stones, driftwood, and other elements in a playful manner through a combination of underwater aesthetic styles in an aquarium. The purpose of this training is for children to be invited to directly recognize and understand aquatic ecosystems, but also to actively practice their responsibility, creativity, and awareness. Thus, it is hoped that aquascape training can divert a small portion of screen time to more meaningful real experiences, shaping a generation that is more connected to nature and the surrounding environment. The community service program was conducted for 110 fifth-grade students at Kebalenan State Elementary School in Banyuwangi Regency on January 14, 2025. The activity was carried out in person. Session 1 focused on Environmental Education and Ornamental Fish, while Session 2 involved training in creating a simple aquascape. During the training, the students showed high motivation, enthusiasm, and interest in participating in the activity.

Fasting is one of the main acts of worship in Islam that has profound meaning, both spiritualy, socially, and health-wise. This study aims to examine the benefits of fasting in the perspective of sunnah through a pure qualitative approach using the phenomenological method. The focus of the study is on how the practice of sunnah fasting, such as Monday-Thursday, Daud. Arafah, Ashura and Ayyamul Bidh, affects the increase in spiritually, inner peace, and sincerity of individuals. This study uses a qualitative approach with a library research method thar aims to examine the benefits of fasting in the perspesctive of sunnah. Data were obtained from various relevant literature sources, imcluding the Qur’an, hadith, fiqh books, and national jurnals listed in thebibliography with a publication range 2009-2024. The results of the study show that fasting not only serves as  a form of obedience to Allah SWT, but also as a means of purifying the soul, controlling desires, and increasing social empathy. In addition, fasting has physiological benefits that can improve physical health. Thus, fasting in the perspective of sunnah is a comprehensive spiritual education shaping Muslims to be pious, patient and noble in character.

In the contemporary era,many people have yet to fully comprehend or internalize the spiritual and social dimensions of prayer (shalat). As a result, shalat is often carried out merely as a routine obligation without deep reflection on its true purpose. In fact, shalat plays a significant role in shaping personal character and social behavior. This study employs a literature review approach by examining various sources, including books, academic journals, and educational articles that discuss the concept and significance of shalat as an act of worship. The findings indicate that a profound understanding of the inner meanings of shalat can foster self-awareness, self-control, and discipline. These values strongly contribute to the development of moral and ethical character. Furthermore, shalat reflects collective religiosity through its practices and procedures, symbolizing spiritual purification, reverence for God, and awareness of human limitations. Congregational prayer further emphasizes principles of unity, brotherhood, and equality, regardless of social status or background. In addition, shalat functions as a moral safeguard that prevents individuals from engaging in immoral and harmful actions. Therefore, shalat plays a crucial role not only in strengthening spiritual devotion but also in maintaining personal integrity and social harmony.

The strengthening of the Secretariat apparatus of the Regional Representative Council (DPRD) is a strategic issue in the governance of legislative administration at the regional level in Indonesia. However, studies on the DPRD Secretariat remain relatively limited and tend to emphasize structural and regulatory aspects, without comprehensively addressing institutional dynamics. This study aims to strengthen the DPRD Secretariat apparatus through an institutionalist perspective, using the Institutional Three Pillars Theory framework proposed by W. Richard Scott. This study is a conceptual paper developed through a narrative literature review approach, examining both classical and contemporary literature in the fields of institutionalism and public administration. The analysis focuses on how the regulatory, normative, and cognitive pillars interact to shape the institutional practices of the DPRD Secretariat as an institution supporting the legislative, budgeting, and oversight functions at the regional level. The study's findings show that the strengthening of the DPRD Secretariat apparatus cannot be understood solely as a consequence of formal regulation, but rather as an institutional process involving a balance between legal rules, professional values and norms, and collective meaning-making regarding the role and institutional identity. This study is not intended to empirically assess performance but offers a conceptual framework that can be used to understand the dynamics of regional legislative administration more holistically. Theoretically, this research contributes to enriching institutionalism studies in public administration by positioning the DPRD Secretariat as a complex and contextual institution. The conceptual framework offered is expected to serve as a reference for future empirical research and conceptual reflection for strengthening legislative administration institutions in Indonesia.

Semantics is a discipline of linguistics that deeply examines the meaning of words, encompassing the origins of their formation, the process of evolution, and the historical factors that trigger shifts in meaning within a language. In semantic studies, a fundamental distinction is made between denotative meaning, which refers to the literal or actual meaning, and connotative meaning, which carries emotional value or a non-actual, figurative sense. This research focuses on analyzing the variation of both types of meaning in Tere Liye's novel Bulan, with the main objective of comprehensively describing the manifestation of denotative and connotative expressions. The method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach, where the researcher acts as the key instrument (human instrument). This method is also known as the naturalistic approach, as data collection takes place under natural object conditions, with data analysis heavily emphasizing the in-depth qualitative aspects. The results of the study indicate that the use of denotative meaning has a much more dominant frequency than connotative meaning. This dominance occurs because the majority of the narrative in the novel tends to utilize the actual, lexical meaning. This signals the author’s (Tere Liye’s) intention to present the adventure story with straightforward and transparent language, allowing the reader to easily comprehend the storyline without being hindered by the complexity of figurative meaning interpretation.

Language is part of culture. Not everyone knows the philosophy and meaning behind the names of food. The purpose of this study is to find out the meaning, function, and value of the names of jenang in Purworejo Regency, Central Java. In addition, to find out what the philosophy of naming jenang is in Purworejo Regency, Central Java. From the perspective of semiotics (Roland Barthes' semiotic theory), semantics, culture and philosophy, several conclusions can be drawn. This research method includes a qualitative descriptive research method. Research data were obtained using the technique of listening and speaking. The data analysis method uses qualitative descriptive. Data analysis uses Rolland Barthes' semiotic theory. The author also briefly touches on meaning using a semantic perspective. In Purworejo Regency, eight (8) types of jenang are familiar in the daily lives of the people in Purworejo Regency, namely jenang sumsum, jenang abang putih, jenang procot, jenang candil, jenang katul, jenang pathi kerut (jenang garut), jenang krasikan, and jenang alot.

This article investigates the effectiveness of cooperative learning using vocabulary flashcards in improving students’ mastery of English adjectives. The research was conducted due to students’ limited vocabulary knowledge. The objective of this article was to examine whether the implementation of a cooperative learning model supported by vocabulary flashcards could enhance students’ adjective mastery and learning engagement. A pre-experimental research design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach was employed. The participants consisted of 15 junior high school students enrolled in an English course. Data were collected through pretest, posttest, classroom observation, and a student response questionnaire. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and N-Gain analysis, while qualitative data were obtained from observation sheets and questionnaire responses. The findings indicate a noticeable improvement in students’ posttest scores compared to their pretest results, with the mean N-Gain score categorized as moderately effective. In addition, observation data revealed high levels of student participation during cooperative learning activities. Questionnaire results further showed positive student responses toward the use of cooperative learning and vocabulary flashcards, particularly in terms of motivation, confidence, and ease of understanding English adjectives. These findings suggest that cooperative learning combined with vocabulary flashcards can effectively support students’ vocabulary development and active engagement. In conclusion, the study provides empirical evidence that cooperative learning facilitates meaningful interaction and knowledge construction, supporting its implementation in English vocabulary instruction. However, future research is recommended to involve larger samples and comparative research designs to strengthen the generalizability of the findings.

Enforced disappearance during the New Order era represents a historical reality that has left profound wounds and prolonged uncertainty for both the victims and the families left behind. This reality is powerfully represented in Laut Bercerita, a novel by Leila S. Chudori, through the use of symbolic and evocative literary language. This study aims to reveal the representation of enforced disappearance through the use of figures of speech and metaphors in the novel. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method with a stylistic approach. The data consist of narrative excerpts containing figures of speech and metaphors related to experiences of loss, suffering, memory, and resistance. Data collection was conducted through intensive reading and systematic note-taking, while data analysis involved classifying types of figures of speech and interpreting their contextual meanings. The findings indicate that metaphors of the sea, silence, darkness, and alienation play a crucial role in constructing the representation of enforced disappearance as a traumatic experience that is not only physical but also psychological and collective in nature. The use of figurative language strengthens the narrative’s expressive power in conveying criticism of state violence while simultaneously preserving the memory of humanitarian tragedies that are often marginalized. This study implies that literary works can function as reflective media and as cultural documentation of histories of violence.

This study discusses fiqh ibadah as an important branch of fiqh that regulates the procedures for performing worship in accordance with Islamic law. The main objective of this study is to clarify the basic concepts of law, principles, and scope of worship in Islam so that its implementation is in accordance with sharia provisions. The data sources consist of primary literature (the Qur'an and Hadith) by analyzing scientific works from Google Scholar from 2018 to 2025 sourced from Indonesian and English journals. This study systematically describes the meaning of fiqh ibadah, sharia, and the legal basis derived from the Qur'an, sunnah, ijma, and qiyas. It includes complete arguments such as istihsan, maslahah, and urf. The discussion also covers the principles of ibadah mahdhah, which emphasize the necessity of evidence in its implementation to prevent bid'ah practices. The scope of fiqh ibadah focuses on four main acts of worship, namely prayer, zakat, fasting, and hajj, which have specific provisions in sharia. In addition, it also discusses the essence and purpose of worship, which shows that worship is a form of submission and love of a servant to Allah SWT and the main purpose of human creation. Through an understanding of fiqh worship, Muslims are expected to be able to perform worship correctly, validly, and accepted by Allah SWT, as well as a means of achieving benefit and happiness in this world and the hereafter.

Meaningful learning is a crucial requirement in 21st-century education, particularly in the face of the increasingly rapid development of digital technology. However, teachers' limited knowledge and skills in utilizing digital learning media remain a challenge, particularly in junior high schools. This study aims to analyze the strengthening of meaningful learning through training on the Canva-based deep learning model at SMP Negeri 2 Mappakasunggu. This study used a quantitative approach with a one-group pretest–posttest pre-experimental design. The subjects were teachers at SMP Negeri 2 Mappakasunggu who participated in the training as part of the Community Service Program (KKN). The research instrument was a knowledge test on Canva administered before (pretest) and after (posttest) training. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and N-Gain calculations. The results showed that the average pretest score for teachers was 42.3 with a range of 30–55, while the average posttest score increased to 70.8 with a range of 65–76. The N-Gain calculation of 0.49 is in the moderate category. These findings indicate that training on the Canva-based deep learning model is effective in enhancing teacher knowledge and supporting meaningful learning. This study recommends the continued implementation of similar training to improve the quality of technology-based learning in schools.  

City branding is a strategic approach to enhancing a city's competitiveness by leveraging unique local characteristics to create a strong and distinctive identity. This study examines the role of semanggi—a traditional Surabaya dish—as a cultural icon in strengthening the city's branding. Although semanggi carries deep symbolic meaning and historical significance for Surabaya’s residents, its potential as a city branding asset remains underutilized in formal tourism and marketing programs. Adopting a qualitative exploratory case study design, data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis involving local stakeholders, small and medium-sized culinary enterprises, cultural figures, and municipal representatives. Thematic analysis identified five key dimensions of semanggi’s role in city branding: (1) visual representation in urban spaces and promotional media; (2) cultural narratives and heritage preservation; (3) community pride and participation; (4) local economic resilience; and (5) strategic promotion by municipal authorities. The findings suggest that integrating semanggi into Surabaya’s branding strategy can reinforce cultural identity, differentiate the city in competitive tourism markets, and promote sustainable local entrepreneurship. The study contributes to the theoretical discourse on culinary-based place branding and offers practical recommendations for incorporating local wisdom into destination marketing. Limitations include the single-case scope and qualitative focus, pointing to opportunities for comparative and mixed-method research in the future.  

This study aims to describe the implementation of multicultural education at SDN Bululawang 02 and to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors of its implementation. The research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The subjects of the study consist of the principal and teachers. Data collection techniques were conducted through semi-structured interviews, while data analysis used an interactive analysis model that includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study indicate that multicultural education has been implemented through school policies, the learning process, and school culture. The school applies deep learning-based instruction that emphasizes meaningful learning experiences with the support of learning technologies such as smart TVs and smart boxes. Multicultural education is also realized through various religious, social, and national activities, such as routine religious activities, the commemoration of national and religious holidays, as well as the use of traditional clothing, which serve to instill values of tolerance, togetherness, and mutual respect. The role of the school principal is evident through classroom supervision, teacher training, and learning evaluation, while teachers integrate multicultural values through varied and enjoyable teaching methods. The challenges faced include the diverse characteristics of students, limited facilities, and differences in students' academic abilities. Efforts made by the school to overcome these challenges involve collaboration with parents and adjustments to learning strategies. This study concludes that multicultural education in elementary schools has been implemented well; however, it still requires strengthening in terms of facility support, teacher competence, and ongoing collaboration between schools and parents.