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Habituation is a process in which the response to a particular stimulus decreases with repeated exposure to that stimulus. In the context of psychology, habituation often refers to a decrease in response to a harmless or unimportant stimulus after repeated exposure, which can result in changes in an individual's behavior. This process is a form of non-associative learning in which individuals become accustomed to the same stimuli and their response to these stimuli decreases over time. The congregational midday prayer is the performance of midday prayers together by a group of individuals which is performed in a place of worship, such as a mosque, prayer room, or a designated area at a school or other place. In congregational prayer, an imam leads the prayer, while the congregation or people present follow the imam in carrying out the prayer movements and reciting verses from the Koran and prescribed prayers. This research aims to find out how the habituation or habituation of midday prayers in congregation is carried out and what the impact of habituation is to midday prayers in congregation, as well as what are the inhibiting and connecting factors for the habituation of midday prayers in congregation at Ma'arif Kalibwang Middle School, Wonosobo. This research uses a type of qualitative research using a descriptive approach. Qualitative research is research that uses observation, interviews, content analysis and data collection methods. The location of this research is Ma'arif Kalibawang Middle School, Wonosobo. After the data is collected, it is then analyzed using data analysis, namely, data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. The results of this research show the activities of getting used to midday prayers in congregation at Ma'arif Kalibawang Middle School, Wonosobo. First, the activity of getting used to midday prayers in congregation at Ma'arif Kalibawang Middle School, Wonosobo has gone well. Second, the impacts obtained include students being able to increase awareness of praying, students instilling discipline, and students being able to increase their devotion to prayer. Third, the inhibiting and supporting factors in the implementation of congregational midday prayers include: 1) Inhibiting factors include students' lack of awareness in worship and inadequate facilities. 2) Supporting factors include student awareness and motivation from teachers, complete facilities and infrastructure, and parents and the community around the school who support and motivate the activities of carrying out midday prayers in congregation.

Speaking skills require students to be able to communicate with other students. Many students still have difficulty speaking in public. They may not even be confident in expressing ideas or opinions either in class or in public. Therefore, in Islamic religious education, students must be trained in public speaking skills and self-confidence. This can be achieved at school by using the presentation method of learning public speaking.To build students' public speaking skills and self-confidence by using presentation methods in the Islamic religious education learning process, there needs to be support from various school components, especially teachers, in carrying out learning in class.1. This research focuses on discussing presentations in building student public speaking which focuses on what is the concept of presentation methods in learning Islamic religious education at SMAN 1 Mojotengah Wonosobo? 2. What are the teacher's efforts to build students' public speaking skills and self-confidence in learning PAI at SMAN 1 Mojotengah Wonosobo? 3. How do you apply the presentation method to build public speaking and students' self-confidence in learning Islamic character religious education at SMAN 1 Mojotengah Wonosobo?The research method for this research is field research or field research, which is a research approach used to obtain concrete data in field research. The type of research used in this research is qualitative research. Research that aims to describe and analyze social actions, events, phenomena, attitudes, beliefs, perceptions and thoughts of individuals both individually and in groups is known as qualitative research. Some descriptions are used to discover principles and explain what leads to conclusions.

This article is a report study on the development of a learning school management model of Lhokseumawe Sukma National School and the promotion of educational standards with the aim of sustainable educational development. The research focuses on the school profile of Sukma Nation students and the achievements and challenges of the program in its implementation. The study is qualitative and uses survey methods. Information gathered through documents and interviews with relevant authorities, including focus group observations. The study also presents various manifestations of Sukma Bangsa school innovations. The results specifically show that institutional leadership is related to the implementation of five main categories of learning schools, which are personal leadership, shared vision, mental models, situated thinking and group learning. The order of applications according to the system can be seen in the changes in the behavior of the individual regarding information management, information sharing, interpretation and information search. In addition, the student and school management model has become an important part of achieving school effectiveness.

Cooperative learning has been known as an effective learning method in increasing student learning motivation. This research aims to present a literature review of cooperative learning strategies and their impact on student learning motivation. Cooperative learning methods involve interaction between students to achieve joint learning goals, thereby encouraging them to actively participate in the learning process. Literature studies show that cooperative learning strategies, such as team learning, pair learning, and group discussions, can increase student learning motivation through increasing a sense of responsibility, mutual trust, and cooperation between students. In addition, cooperative learning can also increase student involvement in the learning process, strengthen social relationships between students, and help students develop important social skills. The results of this literature review indicate that the implementation of cooperative learning strategies can make a positive contribution to student learning motivation. Therefore, it is recommended that educators consider using cooperative learning strategies in designing learning that can effectively increase student learning motivation.

Effective teaching-learning activities are also supported by several aspects such as teaching methods, teaching strategies, learning models , and so on. In this study, we know the extent of the effectiveness of problem-solving learning compared to ordinary learning. Based on the research conducted, the results obtained that concluded the Problem-Solving learning mode proved effective in improving students' mathematical problem-solving abilities. Data analysis for this study used a t-test in this case obtained an average difference from the experimental class group given treatment using Problem-Solving learning and non-problem Solving class groups. The calculation results obtained a t count value (th) of 2.824 for the experimental class and 2.819 for the control class, with the table t value for db 68 sig 5% If consulted in the t table obtained 1.990 then based on the t-test criteria it can be concluded that the t value Count more than t table with GIS greater than SIG alpha by 5%, it can be concluded that count t > t table can be decided to test the hypothesis I that null hypothesis is rejected and alternative hypothethetics are accepted, in this case, there is a significant difference between students' mathematical problem-solving ability between the group of students taught using the Problem-Solving method and the group of students taught without using the Problem-Solving model.

This study investigates the impact of gamified learning platforms on the development of critical thinking and problem-solving skills among middle school students. With the increasing reliance on digital tools, fostering these essential skills has become a critical educational goal. Traditional teaching methods often fail to engage students effectively, which has led educators to explore innovative approaches such as gamified learning. The experimental design of this study involved two groups: an experimental group using gamified learning platforms and a control group following conventional teaching methods. Data were collected through pre-tests and post-tests measuring students' critical thinking and problem-solving abilities. Results indicated that the experimental group showed a significant improvement in both skills, with a 20-point increase in their scores, while the control group exhibited minimal progress. The findings highlight that gamified learning, which integrates game mechanics such as points, rewards, and leaderboards, enhances engagement and motivation, leading to improved cognitive skills. This study emphasizes the potential of gamification to revolutionize educational practices, suggesting that its integration can be a powerful tool to equip students with the necessary skills for the future.

PJOK plays an important role in movement activities for students at school. In the learning process, there are learning methods that can be used, one of which is the peer teaching method. PJOK material in junior high school has big ball games, one of which is basketball. This study aims to find out whether the application of peer teaching learning methods can improve basketball shooting free throw learning outcomes. This study used an experimental method with a randomized control group pre-test post-test design. The instruments used in this study are knowledge and skill tests. The study sample used cluster random sampling with class VIII A as the experimental class and VIII E as the control class with a total of 64 students. The results showed that the use ofpeer teachinglearning methods can improve the learning outcomes of shooting free throw basketball grade VIII at SMP.The value of increasinglearning outcomes in the medium category, namely knowledge increased by54.51% and skills by 42.40%.

This study investigates the efficacy of dynamic assignment strategies in enhancing English language proficiency, engagement, and motivation among learners compared to traditional assignment methods. Through a mixed-methods approach, involving quantitative analyses of language proficiency scores and engagement levels, as well as qualitative insights from student perspectives and teacher observations, the research highlights the significant advantages of integrating dynamic assignments in English language learning. Results indicate that students participating in the dynamic assignment group showed statistically significant improvements in overall language proficiency, particularly in speaking and writing skills (p < 0.05). Additionally, these students reported higher levels of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral engagement (p < 0.05), which were positively correlated with their language proficiency improvements (r = 0.62, p < 0.01). This suggests that the more engaged students are in their learning process, the better their language learning outcomes. From the qualitative data, students expressed a greater motivation and interest in learning English, attributing this to the real-world relevance and applicability of the dynamic assignments. Teachers corroborated these findings, noting enhanced active participation, collaboration, and improvements in students’ communication skills and confidence. However, both students and teachers identified challenges, including increased preparation time and the need for clearer guidelines to maximize the benefits of dynamic assignments. The study concludes that dynamic assignment strategies significantly contribute to improving language proficiency and engagement among English language learners. It suggests that addressing the identified challenges could further optimize the effectiveness of these strategies. This research advocates for a shift towards more interactive, relevant, and engaging teaching methodologies in language education to better prepare learners for real-world communication.

Pronunciation skills are fundamental in English language learning, especially in the correct articulation of regular past tense verbs. However, students often experience difficulties in accurately pronouncing such verbs due to the differences between English spelling and pronunciation. To address this issue, this study investigated the effect of the English Language Speech Assistant (ELSA) application on the pronunciation ability of tenth-grade students at SMA Negeri 2 Pematang Siantar. This research utilized a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design, involving 64 students divided equally into an experimental group (X-3) and a control group (X-9) selected through purposive sampling. The experimental group received instruction using the ELSA Speak application, while the control group was taught using conventional teaching methods. Data were collected through pre-tests and post-tests, then analysed using an independent sample t-test. The mean pre-test scores for the experimental and control groups were 50.34 and 50.21, respectively, while the mean post-test scores were 82.56 and 67.37. The t-test analysis revealed a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.000, which was lower than the significance level of 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05). Additionally, the computed t-value exceeded the t-table value (t-observed > t-table at df=62 and α=0.05), leading to the acceptance of the alternative hypothesis (Ha) and the rejection of the null hypothesis (H₀). This indicates that there is a significant difference between students taught using the ELSA Speak application and those taught using conventional methods. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that the ELSA Speak application significantly improves students’ pronunciation abilities in pronouncing English regular past tense verbs.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of Ice Breaking on the concentration of learning Christian Religious Education and Budi Pekerti class XI students of SMK Negeri 2 Balige Learning Year 2023/2024. The research hypothesis is: “there is a positive and significant effect of the use of Ice Breaking on the concentration of learning Christian Religious Education and Ethics of Grade XI Students of SMK Negeri 2 Balige in the 2023/2024 Learning Year”. The population is all XI grade students majoring in BDP at SMK Negeri 2 Balige, Toba Regency, Learning Year 2023/2024, totaling 126 people. The research sample was determined using purposive sampling technique, namely students in class XI BDP 1 totaling 32 people as a control class using conventional methods and class XI BDP 3 totaling 32 people as an experimental class using Ice Breaking. This research method is a quantitative approach with a true experimental design method and with a post-test only control group design. The instrument used in this research is a questionnaire item for variable Y as many as 30 items. Research data for questionnaires were analyzed using the Separated Variance t test formula. From the calculation results obtained the value of tcount = 4.337 > ttable (α = 5%) = 1.671. The tcount value is in the H0 rejection curve area and Ha acceptance. Thus it can be concluded that the research hypothesis is accepted, namely that there are differences in the concentration of learning Christian Religious Education and Budi Pekerti class XI students of SMK Negeri 2 Balige Learning Year 2023/2024 who are taught before and after ice breaking.

This study aims to analyze how the appreciation and application of Indonesian national identity at SMAN 14 Medan on symbols and signs that exist in the school ecosystem and the learning process. The type of research used is qualitative research and the methods used are case study and observation methods. The results of the analysis show that there are several signs and symbols related to the identity of the Indonesian nation both of symbols that are visible in real terms or have visualization, as well as in appreciation of values through behavior and actions, especially symbols and signs related to the Indonesian nation identity in the form of Pancasila and diversity. Symbols and signs related to values of diversity is application of Indonesian language and no discrimination, agent of change team, anti bullying posters in school environment. Symbols and signs related to Pancasila values is there are religious activities, application of 5S everymorning, flag ceremony, group assignment in class, and friday clean.    

This study aims to analyze how the appreciation and application of Indonesian national identity at SMAN 14 Medan on symbols and signs that exist in the school ecosystem and the learning process. The type of research used is qualitative research and the methods used are case study and observation methods. The results of the analysis show that there are several signs and symbols related to the identity of the Indonesian nation both of symbols that are visible in real terms or have visualization, as well as in appreciation of values through behavior and actions, especially symbols and signs related to the Indonesian nation identity in the form of Pancasila and diversity. Symbols and signs related to values of diversity is application of Indonesian language and no discrimination, agent of change team, anti bullying posters in school environment. Symbols and signs related to Pancasila values is there are religious activities, application of 5S everymorning, flag ceremony, group assignment in class, and friday clean.    

The title of this thesis is Profile of Study Habits of Class VII A Students of SMPK Sancta Familia Kupang for the 2022/2023 Academic Year. The problems in this study are: 1) What is the profile of study habits of grade VIIA students of SMPK Sancta Familia Kupang for the 2022/2023 academic year? 2) What are the implications of the study habit profile of grade VIIA students of SMPK Sancta Familia Kupang for the 2022/2023 academic year for the tutoring program? The purpose of the study was to find out: 1) Profile of study habits of grade VIIA students of SMPK Sancta Familia Kupang for the 2022/2023 academic year, 2) Implications of the profile of study habits of grade VIIA students of SMPK Sancta Familia Kupang for the 2022/2023 academic year, for the tutoring program. This research method uses quantitative descriptive methods with data collection tools in the form of questionnaires of student study habits. The population and sample of this study are 26 students of grade VII A SMPK Sancta Familia Kupang for the 2022/2023 academic year. The data analysis technique used is central trend analysis. The results of the analysis of research data showed that the average study habits of 140.9730 students were in the range of 120-155 scores, classified as high. It can be interpreted that grade VII A students of SMPK Sancta Familia Kupang for the 2022/2023 academic year have good study habits. This can be seen through student attitudes, namely making study schedules and their implementation, reading and taking notes, completing assignments, how to follow lessons, how to study groups, how to study independently at home. Based on the results of this study, researchers provide advice to: 1) Head Schools are expected to maintain and improve cooperation with BK teachers, facilitate and support all tutoring program designs in schools to be carried out properly in order to maintain good student learning habits. 2) Guidance Teachers Guidance counselors are expected to design and develop tutoring programs to maintain good student study habits. 3) Students are expected to actively utilize tutoring activities carried out by BK teachers to maintain good student study habits.

The title of this thesis is Profile of Study Habits of Class VII A Students of SMPK Sancta Familia Kupang for the 2022/2023 Academic Year. The problems in this study are: 1) What is the profile of study habits of grade VIIA students of SMPK Sancta Familia Kupang for the 2022/2023 academic year? 2) What are the implications of the study habit profile of grade VIIA students of SMPK Sancta Familia Kupang for the 2022/2023 academic year for the tutoring program? The purpose of the study was to find out: 1) Profile of study habits of grade VIIA students of SMPK Sancta Familia Kupang for the 2022/2023 academic year, 2) Implications of the profile of study habits of grade VIIA students of SMPK Sancta Familia Kupang for the 2022/2023 academic year, for the tutoring program. This research method uses quantitative descriptive methods with data collection tools in the form of questionnaires of student study habits. The population and sample of this study are 26 students of grade VII A SMPK Sancta Familia Kupang for the 2022/2023 academic year. The data analysis technique used is central trend analysis. The results of the analysis of research data showed that the average study habits of 140.9730 students were in the range of 120-155 scores, classified as high. It can be interpreted that grade VII A students of SMPK Sancta Familia Kupang for the 2022/2023 academic year have good study habits. This can be seen through student attitudes, namely making study schedules and their implementation, reading and taking notes, completing assignments, how to follow lessons, how to study groups, how to study independently at home. Based on the results of this study, researchers provide advice to: 1) Head Schools are expected to maintain and improve cooperation with BK teachers, facilitate and support all tutoring program designs in schools to be carried out properly in order to maintain good student learning habits. 2) Guidance Teachers Guidance counselors are expected to design and develop tutoring programs to maintain good student study habits. 3) Students are expected to actively utilize tutoring activities carried out by BK teachers to maintain good student study habits.

This research explores the preparedness of Indonesian cadets in multimodal transportation, focusing on 50 cadets from a transportation institution in Jakarta. Qualitative methods, including interviews and focus groups, were used to assess their knowledge, skills, and adaptability to emerging trends and technologies. The findings indicate that while cadets demonstrate a strong understanding of key concepts and principles, there are areas for improvement, particularly in problem-solving skills and adaptability to new technologies. Recommendations include enhancing problem-solving skills, incorporating training on emerging technologies, fostering collaboration and interdisciplinary learning, providing continuous professional development opportunities, strengthening industry-academia collaboration, evaluating and updating curriculum regularly, and promoting lifelong learning and professionalism. These recommendations aim to enhance the preparedness of Indonesian cadets and ensure that educational programs align with the evolving needs of the transportation industry.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the discovery learning model assisted by animated videos in improving student learning outcomes on the material of the digestive system in humans in class VIII A SMP Negeri 1 Bolaang. This model was chosen because it can encourage students to participate more actively in learning, while also using technology to help understand more complex material. This study uses the Classroom Action Research approach which is carried out in two cycles. Each cycle consists of stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection to evaluate and improve the learning process. The results of the study showed that the application of the discovery learning model assisted by animated videos succeeded in improving student learning outcomes. In the first cycle, only 23.33% of students achieved complete learning, but in the second cycle, the percentage of students who completed increased to 86.66%. This increase occurs because students are starting to be more active in group discussions and more confident in expressing opinions. The use of animated videos also helps students understand the material in a more visual and fun way. This research makes an important contribution to the development of technology-based learning methods, especially in biology learning. These findings suggest that animated videos in learning can improve student engagement and their learning outcomes. This study suggests that further research be conducted to explore the application of this model to other subjects or at higher levels of education, in order to identify its broader benefits in educational contexts.

Learning English at the vocational school level requires the right approach to facilitate students in understanding various types of texts, including descriptive texts. One approach that has been widely used is the group learning method. This study aims to explore the application of group learning methods to descriptive text material in English language learning at SMK Bina Profesi Pekanbaru. The research method used was classroom action research (PTK) which was carried out in several stages. The subjects in this research were 27 class X Accounting students consisting of 22 female students and 5 male students. The data collection technique was carried out by direct observation during the teaching process of Class X Accounting which took place in several meetings. Through conducting observations with English teachers, the implementation of learning can be improved by utilizing discussion and observation methods with students. The results of the research show that the application of the group learning method makes a positive contribution to students' understanding of Descriptive Text material. This research suggests that group learning strategies are good for use in the learning process. This can be seen from the results of the observation sheet before and after the implementation of each stage, namely aspects of student activity, student skills, student enthusiasm and increased student interest. In this case, it also makes students more enthusiastic about carrying out learning activities and makes teachers more creative, conducive learning activities are also achieved by implementing Group Method Learning.

This research focuses on the development of interactive learning materials to enhance the understanding of fourth-grade elementary school students regarding rounding. Pre-tests and post-tests were conducted on the experimental group to measure its effectiveness. The objectives of this study are (1) to develop teaching materials using a clothing measuring tape and (2) to analyze the differences in learning outcomes between students using this media and conventional methods in the 4A and 4C classes at SDPN 252 Setiabudhi. The data analysis activities involve processing the data and applying statistical analysis. The results indicate a lack of significant improvement in students' understanding of rounding concepts after the implementation of interactive teaching materials. Statistical analysis shows that the average scores on the post-test did not exhibit a significant increase compared to the pre-test. In conclusion, the teaching method using a clothing measuring tape is less effective when applied to 4A and 4C students at SDPN 252 Setiabudhi.

A teaching program is a plan for implementing the teaching and learning process which is based on consideration of the objectives to be achieved, materials, methods, tools, time allocation and evaluation so that students master the learning process and have optimal learning outcomes. Wordwall is an interactive media that provides features to foster student learning motivation according to the learning material presented by the teacher in class. Word wall media provides features such as quizzes, matching, pairing, anagrams, random words, word searches, grouping. The PkM (Community Service) Lecture Program with the title "Using the Wordwall Website as a Learning Media to Increase Student Learning Motivation at Bima Utomo BS Vocational School" is carried out by prioritizing how to use the wordwall website, especially for teachers or teaching staff at Bima Utomo BS Vocational School with the main aim increase student learning motivation and make it easier for teachers to deliver learning material. The results of the implementation of Community Service at BIMA UTOMO BS Vocational School, Sidodadi Village, Batang Kuis District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra which was carried out from February 5 - February 27 2024, the team was able to adapt well so that a cooperative relationship was established between the school, students and students, teachers are able to use wordwall media as an interactive learning media for the continuity of teaching and learning activities, socialize the use of wordwall media as an interactive learning media, provide contributions in the form of assistance to the school regarding administration and students feel motivated by the existence of interactive learning media.

This study explores the effect of inquiry-based learning (IBL) on mathematics achievement among secondary school students. Utilizing a quasi-experimental design, two groups of students were taught the same mathematical content, one group using traditional methods and the other with an IBL approach. Results indicated that students exposed to IBL exhibited significantly higher comprehension and engagement levels, particularly in problem-solving and critical thinking skills. These findings suggest that IBL is a promising pedagogical approach for enhancing mathematics achievement in secondary education.