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This study aims to explain the urgency of instilling character values in education in the modern era, describe the strategies or approaches used in the educational environment, and identify challenges and solutions in their implementation. The method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques included observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, with the research subjects consisting of teachers, students, and principals at primary and secondary education levels. The results show that the cultivation of character values such as honesty, responsibility, discipline, tolerance, and cooperation is very important to form learners who not only excel in academics, but also have moral integrity and emotional maturity. Strategies used in character cultivation include integration of character values in learning, habituation of positive attitudes, teacher role models, and extracurricular activities. The main challenges in implementing character education are the negative influence of digital media, the weak role of the family, and the lack of consistency in character development. Solutions include improving educators' competence in character education, strengthening cooperation between schools and parents, and creating a school environment that supports a positive culture. Thus, character education should be an integral part of the education system, through synergistic cooperation between schools, families and communities.

Science continues to advance over time. This development has led to the birth of various new technologies that mark the progress of the times. Currently, technology has entered the digital era, where almost all areas of life are beginning to utilize these advances to increase work efficiency and effectiveness. In Indonesia, digital transformation has also penetrated various sectors, including education. This change presents a significant opportunity for the world of education to expand access, improve the quality of learning, and encourage innovation in teaching methods. As an entity closely linked to human culture and civilization, education has undergone significant changes in the era of globalization. The use of digital technologies, such as online learning, learning management systems (LMS), and interactive media, has become an integral part of the educational process. This not only facilitates the delivery of material but also opens up more flexible and inclusive learning opportunities for various levels of society. However, behind these opportunities, challenges also arise, such as disparities in technology access, low digital literacy in some communities, and the need to adapt curricula and teaching methods to be relevant to current developments. Therefore, the success of educational transformation in the digital era depends not only on the availability of technology but also on the readiness of human resources, including educators and students, to optimize its use. Therefore, the development of digital science and technology has become a driving force for global educational change. Education is required to adapt quickly and accurately to produce a generation that is not only academically intelligent.

The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a transformation in online learning, requiring teachers and lecturers to adapt to educational technology, including Virtual Reality (VR) Tour. However, limited understanding and motivation are the main challenges in implementing this technology. This community service aims to provide practical training in developing VR Tour as an interactive learning media for teachers and lecturers at Rumah Diklat Indonesia. The implementation method involves an online workshop using the Zoom application, which includes a tutorial on creating 360° panoramic photos via Google Street View and processing VR Tour via the Theasys.io platform. Participants also receive technical guidance and hands-on practice sessions. The results show that participants are able to produce VR Tour content for learning, as well as improve their understanding of technology integration in education. This training equips participants with basic skills to develop virtual learning media, expand students' learning access creatively and innovatively. In conclusion, the use of VR Tour has the potential to improve the quality of distance learning, while encouraging educators to continue to adapt to technological developments in the digital era.

This study explores the central and strategic role of families in shaping the faith foundation of their children by viewing the family as a “little church”. This concept emphasizes the importance of the family environment in shaping children's religious beliefs and practices. The purpose of this study is to ultimately discover what are the roles of families in shaping and building the foundation of children's faith. The study also aims for families to have an overview of their existence in a “small church”. This study uses a qualitative methodology by focusing on analyzing the phenomenon of today's family from the perspective of the Ecclesiastical Document Series No. 30 FAMILIARIS CONSORTIO. Through a qualitative approach, we investigated how families play a major role in strengthening the faith of their children through various daily religious practices, Bible study, prayer, and participation in joint religious activities. Our findings highlight the importance of parents' role as faith models and spiritual educators for their children, as well as the close relationship between family interactions and the formation of children's faith foundation. The practical implications of this study emphasize the need for church support for families in strengthening their central role in guiding children's faith development.      

This study aims to analyze the implementation of transformational leadership models by school principals and their influence on improving teacher performance in secondary schools. The research adopts a mixed-method approach, integrating both qualitative and quantitative data to provide a comprehensive understanding. The study was conducted in 15 secondary schools, involving a total of 245 respondents consisting of school principals and teachers. Data collection techniques included the use of questionnaires to gather quantitative data, alongside in-depth interviews and direct observations for qualitative insights. The results reveal that transformational leadership—particularly through its core components of intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation, individualized consideration, and idealized influence—has a significant positive impact on teacher performance. These leadership behaviors were found to enhance teaching quality, increase teacher professional commitment, and improve overall job satisfaction among educators. Additionally, the study highlights the role of school culture and the professional learning environment as mediating factors in the effectiveness of transformational leadership. The findings underscore the importance of implementing structured leadership development programs for school principals. By equipping school leaders with transformational leadership skills, educational institutions can foster more supportive and dynamic teaching environments that ultimately lead to better learning outcomes. These insights are particularly relevant for policymakers and educational administrators who are seeking sustainable strategies to improve school performance through leadership practices. In conclusion, transformational leadership stands out as a vital leadership style that not only motivates and empowers teachers but also contributes significantly to the institutional development of schools.

This study aims to evaluate the extent to which the principles of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are integrated into the Outcome-Based Education (OBE) curriculum of the Primary School Teacher Education Program (PGMI) at the Al-Zaytun Islamic Institute of Indonesia. Responding to the limited number of empirical curriculum studies linking OBE and sustainability, this research adopts a library research design supported by structured content analysis of curriculum documents, including Graduate Learning Outcomes (CPL), Course Learning Objectives (CPMK), and assessment rubrics. The analytical rubric was developed based on Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) indicators recommended by UNESCO. Findings indicate that only 30% of CPL and 22.7% of CPMK explicitly incorporate SDG values, with the dominant themes being inclusive education, social empathy, and critical thinking. The remaining components either indirectly address sustainability principles or primarily focus on technical pedagogical aspects. This reveals a misalignment between the curriculum’s current structure and the transformative vision of ESD and SDGs. Methodologically, this research contributes by offering a replicable rubric for assessing curriculum sustainability. Conceptually, it establishes a link between the OBE framework and sustainability values within Islamic teacher education. Practically, the findings provide actionable insights for curriculum developers and policymakers to enhance alignment with global sustainability agendas. The study emphasizes the strategic role of PGMI in fostering sustainability-oriented educators and advocates for systemic curriculum reform to produce future teachers equipped with the knowledge, values, and skills necessary to address contemporary global challenges. Strengthening the integration of SDGs within OBE-based curricula is essential for higher education institutions to actively contribute to the realization of a sustainable future.

Reproductive health is an important aspect in improving the quality of life of the community, but the level of knowledge about reproductive health is still relatively low due to cultural factors, social norms, and limitations of the educational methods used. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the peer educator method in increasing the level of reproductive health knowledge of the community in the Akelamo Community Health Center, Tidore. This study used a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. The study sample consisted of 24 respondents selected using a total sampling technique. The intervention was carried out through reproductive health education using the peer educator method in small groups. Measurements of knowledge levels were carried out before and after the intervention using a standardized questionnaire. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test with a significance level of p < 0.05 . The results showed an increase in the average knowledge score from 56.3 before the intervention to 78.5 after the intervention. Statistical tests showed a significant difference between the levels of knowledge before and after the intervention (p = 0.001). These results indicate that the peer educator method is effective in increasing public reproductive health knowledge .

Christian education faces significant challenges in integrating the values of missional spirituality into its curriculum and teaching practices, particularly in the context of globalization, secularization, and a declining awareness of spiritual calling among educators. This study aims to examine the extent to which Pentecostal theological values such as prayer, worship, and mission are implemented in Christian education and how these values contribute to the formation of students' character and spirituality. Employing a descriptive qualitative method, data were collected through in-depth interviews, classroom observations, curriculum document analysis, and open-ended questionnaires administered to teachers and students. The findings reveal that the integration of missional spirituality remains partial and lacks structured incorporation into both curriculum and pedagogy. However, when implemented contextually, these values have been shown to enhance learning motivation, shape Christian character, and deepen students’ spiritual lives. The study concludes that Pentecostal-based missional spirituality can holistically enrich Christian education. The primary contribution of this research is the development of a conceptual model for the contextual and practical integration of missional spirituality in Christian education, aiming to bridge the gap between theoretical understanding and practical spiritual formation.  

This study evaluates the effectiveness of the “Aku Senang Belajar Membaca” book, de signed based on the Montessori method, for early childhood learners aged 3–7 years. Em ploying a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), this research synthesizes findings from literature published between 2015 and 2025. The book, structured in four levels with culturally relevant Indonesian vocabulary and supported by Montessori materials like sandpaper letters, fosters reading interest, letter recognition, and confidence in early reading. Results indicate that integrating the book with Montessori media enhances phonological awareness, motivation, and engagement in literacy activities. These find ings underscore the importance of contextual and concrete learning materials for early childhood education, offering insights for educators and curriculum developers to improve literacy interventions in Indonesia.

This literature review investigates the effectiveness of formulating SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound) learning objectives within the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) curriculum using a qualitative research method. A systematic literature review was employed to analyze empirical and theoretical studies published between 2015 and 2024. The findings reveal that SMART objectives contribute to increased instructional clarity, learner engagement, and alignment with curriculum goals. Thematic content analysis highlights key benefits, such as improved learner autonomy, language proficiency, and instructional planning. This study provides a structured synthesis for educators and policymakers in designing effective EFL curricula.

This study investigates the forms and functions of language registers across diverse social contexts, including traditional markets, professional communities, digital media, and podcasts, through a literature review of ten scholarly articles published in accredited journals between 2021 and 2025. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, the data were analyzed to identify linguistic variations that reflect specific social contexts, situations, and communicative purposes, aligned with Halliday’s (1978) concept of register, which emphasizes language adaptation to social contexts. The findings indicate that register forms encompass specific words, phrases, abbreviations, acronyms, and reduplications. Their communicative functions include instrumental, interactional, representational, and regulative roles, which enhance communication efficiency and preserve cultural identity. This study provides insights for researchers, educators, and practitioners to leverage registers in contextual communication.

The learning method is a systematic and orderly process carried out by teachers or educators in delivering material to their students. Through the learning method, it is expected that the teaching and learning process can run well. Thus, it is very important for an educator to know the methods in learning so that students feel more enthusiastic when participating in learning in the classroom. In addition, choosing the right method makes students not quickly feel bored or tired when participating in teaching and learning activities in the classroom. The purpose of writing this article is to find out how a teacher chooses a learning method. The method in this study is qualitative narrative, with data collected from the results of semi-structured interviews with a teacher. The results of this study indicate that there are 2 factors that a teacher can consider in choosing a learning method, namely internal and external factors. Internal factors include student characteristics, facilities and infrastructure, teacher experience and skills, and learning objectives. Then external factors include the curriculum and learning environment.

The development of early childhood social-emotional intelligence is an important aspect in the formation of character and social adaptability of children. This community service activity aims to enhance the understanding and competence of teachers and prospective PAUD educators through a national seminar that focuses on their strategic role in supporting children's social-emotional development. The implementation method is an interactive seminar involving expert speakers, group discussions, and practical case studies. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in participants' knowledge of the concept of social emotional intelligence, effective learning techniques, and strategies for managing children's emotions and positive social interactions. In addition, this seminar succeeded in encouraging teachers and prospective educators to apply a more empathetic and responsive learning approach to the emotional needs of early childhood. This activity makes a significant contribution to strengthening the role of educators as primary facilitators in the development of children's social-emotional intelligence, which ultimately supports the creation of a conducive and inclusive learning environment.

Web-Based Augmented Reality (AR) is an emerging interactive technology that is increasingly adopted in the fields of visual communication design and digital education. This study aims to analyze trends in the use of Web-Based AR within interactive design contexts and to identify user preferences regarding its features. The research employs a literature review and secondary data analysis, drawing from academic publications, industry reports, and online surveys conducted between 2019 and 2024. The findings reveal a significant increase in the adoption of Web-Based AR both globally and in Indonesia. Key factors driving adoption include interactivity without installation, cross-device compatibility, and rapid browser-based access. Trend diagrams, comparative tables of AR platforms (such as 8thWall, ZapWorks, and WebXR API), and user preference visualizations are presented to support the analysis. The study discusses technological challenges, adoption gaps, and design implications, particularly in education and marketing. Limitations include reliance on secondary data and limited geographic scope. The study’s outcomes are expected to serve as a reference for interactive content developers, educators, and researchers in designing inclusive and adaptive AR-based user experiences.

This study investigated pronunciation errors in early childhood when singing the song “Burung Kakatua”. The purpose of this study was to identify, classify and analyze phonological errors that occurred based on the theory of generative phonology. The research method used was descriptive qualitative research with data collection techniques in the form of observation and recording, on four children aged 2-5 years. Based on the results of the study, the most common pronunciation errors were phoneme substitution (pronunciation of consonant /r/ to /l/), omission of consonant clusters, and phoneme errors in polysyllabic words. Phonological analysis revealed that these errors were related to the development of the child’s speech organs and the complexity of sounds in the song. This study contributes to our understanding of language acquisition and phonological development in early childhood and provides educational implications for educators and parents who help children acquire correct pronunciation through song media.

This study describes the role of leadership in improving the quality of education through School Based Management which is applied at S MI Roudlotul Jannah Prambon with the formulation of the research problem: What is the role of leadership in improving the quality of education, What are the supporting and inhibiting factors in improving the quality of education through School Based Management . The method used is a qualitative approach with a case study approach. Data collection techniques are used by observation, interviews and documentation studies. Data analysis techniques are made by data reduction, data display and conclusion (verification) and data validity. The results of this study indicate that school principals have implemented SBM to improve the quality of education with the following activities: First, madrasah heads have planned and evaluated school programs, curriculum management and teaching and learning processes, student services, human resource management, financial management, facility management and Infrastructure and School-Community Relations. Second; the head of the madrasa plays a role as; Supervisors, Managerial and Educators thus the leadership role of the head of the madrasa at MI Roudlotul Jannah in order to improve the quality of education, has been quite well demonstrated by the graduation standards which increase every year. Third; supporting and inhibiting factors include: Supporting: Visionary Leadership, Qualified Teachers, Relevant Curriculum, Parental and Community Participation and Adequate Facilities; Barriers: Technology and Globalization Challenges, Lack of Funding Sources, Inadequate Evaluation and Monitoring, Lack of Access to Technology and Infrastructure.

Descriptive research in the field of education is a study that aims to provide a detailed description of various problems in the world of education, both from technical and non-technical aspects. The main objective of this study is to examine the basic principles of descriptive research in the field of education. The method used is a qualitative approach with a literature study design, where researchers examine various relevant sources such as books, scientific journals, research reports, and other references related to the topic. The findings of this study indicate that descriptive research plays an important role in describing the real conditions that occur in the world of education. This approach allows researchers to recognize, describe, and analyze various elements that influence the process and outcomes of education. Information generated from descriptive research can be used by educators, policy makers, and other related parties in developing educational strategies that are more targeted and in accordance with the needs of students.

The development of the era has influenced children's play patterns, who are now more familiar with digital games than traditional games. In fact, traditional games have educational and cultural values ​​that are important for the development of children's gross motor skills and psychomotor skills. This study uses a literature study method by analyzing 15 relevant articles to examine the contribution of traditional games to early childhood development. The results of the study show that traditional games such as catapults, jump rope, and gobak sodor can improve children's coordination, balance, and social skills through interaction and cooperation. This game not only strengthens large muscles, but also shapes children's character holistically, including empathy, responsibility, and decision making. Therefore, it is important for parents and educators to preserve and integrate traditional games in learning activities as a means of stimulating children's overall development.  

Early childhood development is a crucial phase in human life, marked by rapid changes in physical, cognitive, social, and emotional domains. This study aims to explore in depth the growth process and unique characteristics of early childhood using a qualitative approach through literature review methods. The findings reveal that young children possess high curiosity, vivid imagination, and strong dependence on adults in learning and social behavior formation. Physical development progresses rapidly, while cognitive and socio-emotional development are significantly influenced by environmental stimulation, parenting style, and social interaction. Understanding these characteristics and developmental needs allows educators and parents to implement more effective approaches in supporting children's growth. This study emphasizes the importance of creating a safe, supportive, and responsive environment as a foundation for future educational success and character building.

The nursing education process was implemented through clinical practice in hospitals. However, the heavy workload of nurses and clinical instructors often hindered the optimal provision of guidance to students. Therefore, efforts were necessary to enhance the competencies of nursing educators and clinical instructors. The development of these competencies required support from both formal and non-formal education. One form of non-formal education was the implementation of preceptorship and mentorship training programs. These programs were expected to strengthen the quality of student guidance in clinical settings. The methods employed included lectures, role-playing, and hands-on application in inpatient care units. The training outcomes indicated a significant improvement in the clinical instructors’ ability to effectively carry out preceptorship and mentorship roles.