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This article explores the relationship between nationalism and Christian faith from a biblical perspective. Nationalism is often defined as loyalty to nation and state, while Christian faith centres on loyalty to God and His kingdom. In the Indonesian context, churches participated in the nationalism movement from the colonialism era until independence. Based on theological studies, the Bible provides insight that believers' primary loyalty should be to God, although they are also expected to be good citizens. This article uses a literature study method with a qualitative approach to analyse relevant biblical texts as well as related theological literature. The concept of nation in the Bible is examined from the perspective of the Old Testament, which focuses on the ethnic identity of the nation of Israel, to the New Testament, which expands the nation's identity into an inclusive community of faith. The article also highlights the ethical implications of nationalism for Christians, who should reflect the values of justice, love and sacrifice, and avoid exclusionary and xenophobic attitudes.

Discipline is an important aspect in church ministry, especially in the leadership of pastors who serve as spiritual role models. This research explores the correlation between church ministry discipline based on Proverbs 10:17 and church growth in Kadosh Church, Palu. Using a theological approach and descriptive method, this study shows that discipline, including spiritual commitment, punctuality, and ministry management, has a significant influence on the spiritual health and growth of the congregation, both quantitatively and qualitatively. The findings of this study provide a foundation for the development of more effective ministry strategies.

This article examines the example of Hannah's prayer based on the biblical text in 1 Samuel 1:10-20 and how her faith and hope can be an inspiration for Christian women in facing life's challenges. The study shows that through sincere prayer, faith, and hope, Hannah gained strength in overcoming severe personal struggles. Using a theological analysis approach, this article reveals the relevance of prayer as a form of devotion and trust in God, and identifies important principles drawn from Hannah's life to be applied in the lives of Christian women today.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of a hybrid citizen–AI legal monitoring system in enhancing urban environmental governance. The hybrid system integrates citizen-driven reporting platforms with AI-powered legal monitoring tools to address the challenges of weak public oversight in urban environmental management. By implementing the system in three metropolitan areas, the study explores how real-time data collection through citizen reports, combined with AI-driven analysis, can improve the accuracy, speed, and responsiveness of identifying environmental violations. The results showed a 45% improvement in oversight effectiveness, demonstrating the potential of hybrid systems to enhance monitoring capabilities beyond traditional methods. The AI system, capable of analyzing large datasets and providing timely insights, enabled quicker identification and categorization of violations such as pollution and waste management issues. The integration of citizen involvement through digital platforms allowed for more inclusive data collection, enhancing the quality and volume of information available for decision-making. This synergy between human participation and AI-driven analysis improved the speed of response to urban environmental challenges, making the system more adaptive and efficient. However, challenges such as data reliability and variable citizen participation rates were identified, suggesting the need for strategies to encourage consistent engagement and ensure the accuracy of reported data. The study concludes that hybrid citizen–AI systems can significantly improve urban governance by enhancing transparency, accountability, and responsiveness, offering a promising solution for cities seeking to address environmental issues more effectively.

Children who have committed legal violations are inmates at the Class II Special Child Development Institution in Lombok Tengah. During the child rehabilitation process at LPKA Lombok Tengah, some children continue to violate the rules, making the conditions unfavorable. The purpose of this research is to ensure the legal basis for the imposition of sanctions and the enforcement of disciplinary sanctions, as well as the obstacles faced by LPKA Lombok Tengah. The method used in this writing is normative-empirical with a case, legislative, and sociological approach. The results of this study are as follows: First, the legal basis for imposing disciplinary punishment is outlined in the Decree of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number M.HH-03.OT.02.02 of 2014 concerning guidelines for the treatment of children in LPKA. Second, the light disciplinary sanctions include verbal reprimands, moderate sanctions such as apologies and agreements between the staff and the inmates, and heavy disciplinary sanctions such as cleaning the bathroom and restricting visitation activities. The obstacles encountered include the factor of the inmates being difficult to discipline, the condition of the inmates being unwell when sanctions are to be imposed, and the factor of facilities and infrastructure.

Multicultural education in Indonesia is a response to the diversity of cultures, ethnicities, religions, and languages that exist in this country. This article discusses the paradigm of multicultural education based on Islamic Religious Education (PAI) as an approach to creating social harmony and increasing tolerance in a plural society. This approach integrates Islamic values with the principles of multiculturalism to create an educational environment that is inclusive, fair and respectful of differences. Thus, education can serve as a guideline for implementing the educational process in order to progress and become better.

This study examines the legal construction of the obligation to prepare  Academic Draft s in the process of forming regional regulations in Indonesia. Academic texts have a strategic role as a scientific and rational basis to ensure that the Regional Regulations produced are in accordance with the needs of the community, based on the principles of good regulation formation, and do not contradict higher legal norms. This study uses a normative juridical method with a statutory approach and conceptual analysis to identify the relevance, implementation, and challenges in the implementation of  Academic Draft  obligations. The results of the study show that the obligation to prepare  Academic Draft s has been regulated in laws and regulations, but its implementation is often faced with various obstacles, such as low technical understanding, limited budget allocation, and lack of expert involvement. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen regulations and increase institutional capacity to ensure a more participatory, transparent, and accountable process for the formation of regional regulations. This research is expected to contribute to the development of policies that support the formation of quality and responsive regional regulations to the needs of the community.

Indonesia is a country with a vast diversity of cultures, religions, and ethnicities, which makes it one of the most pluralistic societies in the world. Multicultural education is present as a strategic approach to instill the values of tolerance, inclusion, and social harmony in the midst of this diversity. This article explores the nature of multicultural education in Indonesia from the perspective of Islamic education, which emphasizes respect for differences as part of the sunnatullah. Through literature research methods, this article discusses the concept, implementation, and challenges of multicultural education in the national education system. The results of the study show that multicultural education can be implemented through the development of diversity-based curriculum, teacher training to manage multicultural classrooms, and the creation of an inclusive educational environment. The Islamic perspective provides a strong philosophical and normative foundation to support multicultural education, such as the teachings of the Qur'an and Hadith that emphasize the importance of tolerance and intercultural dialogue. However, the implementation of multicultural education faces challenges, including cultural resistance from exclusivity groups and limited resources in schools, especially in remote areas. This article recommends strengthening the socialization of multicultural values, developing contextual teaching materials, increasing teacher training, and allocating adequate resources as solutions to overcome these challenges. By integrating Islamic values in multicultural education, Indonesia can build a generation that is tolerant, inclusive, and able to maintain social harmony in the midst of diversity. This article contributes to enriching the discourse of multicultural education and offers practical solutions for its implementation.

People's mining activities in Gamey Village, Uwapa District, Nabire Regency, Central Papua Province are carried out to meet daily needs and improve the welfare of the local community. This mining activity is based on alluvial deposit conditions and is applied for mining sediments on the surface and using alcon machines. for high pressure water spray. This community mining activity is divided into several stages starting from preparation of mining land, processing and production processes as well as selling gold products for sale. This research aims to examine the gold processing used by small-scale miners in Uwapa District, Gamey Village, and its impact on the environment and public health. The main focus of this research is on the use of the sluice box method, which is the gold processing technique most commonly used by local communities. This method was chosen for its simplicity and low cost, although the gold recovery efficiency varies between 50-70%. Additionally, this research evaluates alternative technologies such as shake tables and centrifuges that can increase gold recovery efficiency and be more environmentally friendly. The research results show that the implementation of alternative technology requires training, procurement of adequate equipment and infrastructure as well as ongoing monitoring. By adopting better technology, it is hoped that gold mining activities in Gamey Village can run more productively and sustainably, improving community welfare without damaging the environment.

This research aims to identify the presence of metal elements in sandstone, laterite and clay minerals from Nafri Village, Abepura, Jayapura. The method used is X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) at the Hydrology and Hydrogeochemistry Laboratory, ITB Bandung. Three field samples (ST-1, ST-2, ST-3) showed significant metal content. ST-1: contains, Fe(28.7%), Mn(0.0761%), Ti(0.692%), Ni(0.0297%), Cr(0.0907%), Na(trace), Mg(1.95%), Al(21.5 %), Cu(0.0565%), Zn(0.0294%), Rh(0.554%) ;ST-2 contains Na(0.493%), Mg(1.07%), Al(4.55%), K(0.801%), Ca (62.6%), Ti(0.364%), Mn(0.148%), Fe(14.0%), Cu(0.0342%), Sr(0.218%), Ag(0.135%); and ST-3 contains Na(0.625%), Mg(1.38%), Al(3.87%), K(0.937%), Ca(64.5%), Ti(0.409%), Mn(1.38%), Fe(7.37%). %), Sr(0.305%). The results show potential metal resources, particularly nickel and iron, in the area for further exploration and mining. This research provides important basic information for the study of geology and resource management in Jayapura

Minerals are solid objects that can be found in nature, formed inorganically, with chemical composition at certain limits and have atoms arranged regularly. Rocks can be distinguished based on the formation process and mineral content. The purpose of this study is to identify minerals in sedimentary rocks and laterite deposits in this study used analytical methods, namely Binocular Microscope and XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) laboratory tests. XRD analysis is used to determine the type of mineral in the sample. Based on the results of the XRD X-Ray Diffraction lab test, each sample has a different mineral content.

Wood is a superior choice as the main material for forming the structure of a construction system. Its unique characteristics and the fact that it can withstand gravity and lateral forces make it the first choice as a material for construction models. Landa', which functions as a rice storage house, has a unique construction system with the use of natural materials. The research was conducted by exploring how the construction system of landa' is formed from materials and materials using qualitative methods with a descriptive way of presentation. The results of the study concluded that the construction system of landa' uses a unique method by placing each part above the other to form a single unit of the landa' building, the column (pessajo) is bound by the beam (tolohna) and the addition of beams (parende) which will support the body of the landa', the body part is composed of walls (rinding) and fastened with a locking system tallu boko' and sa'pi’ which will support the roof (dea).

PT XYZ) is a company which focuses on integrated aquaculture. Operating since 1987, PT XYZ has a fish and shrimp feed factory, fish and shrimp breeding and rearing as well as marine fish food processing and cold storage for local and global markets. At PT XYZ, especially the Quality Control division, there are still ineffective analysis activities, namely piece length analysis. An effort to increase productivity is by designing an automatic cut length analysis machine with the aim of maximizing efficiency and effectiveness. Therefore, the objective function of this research was carried out to design and increase productivity and reduce inefficient activities. From this, it is necessary to design and optimize activities to have a positive impact on the company. This research uses Blender software and the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) method which includes concept, design, material collecting, assembly, testing and distribution. The results of this research show that this machine design is very effective and practical for the company and allows the company to improve maximum performance

Natural disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes, and floods pose significant risks to critical infrastructure. AI-driven disaster response systems provide real-time analytics, predictive modeling, and automated response strategies to mitigate damage and improve recovery efforts. This paper explores how AI-powered drones, satellite imagery, and sensor networks enhance disaster monitoring and decision-making. Additionally, the study discusses the role of AI in optimizing emergency resource allocation and predicting infrastructure vulnerabilities. Through an analysis of past disaster management strategies, this research aims to propose AI-integrated frameworks that enhance disaster preparedness and resilience.

Bio-inspired engineering is a rapidly growing field that applies principles found in nature to develop innovative solutions in structural engineering, materials science, and robotics. This paper explores biomimicry in various disciplines, such as self-cleaning surfaces inspired by lotus leaves, energy-efficient building designs modeled after termite mounds, and ultra-lightweight yet durable materials inspired by spider silk. The study highlights the role of computational modeling in replicating biological structures and discusses the challenges of translating natural efficiencies into engineered systems. Additionally, this research examines the environmental impact of bio-inspired materials and their potential to replace conventional, resource-intensive materials in industries such as construction, aerospace, and biomedical engineering.

Natural disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes, and floods pose significant risks to critical infrastructure. AI-driven disaster response systems provide real-time analytics, predictive modeling, and automated response strategies to mitigate damage and improve recovery efforts. This paper explores how AI-powered drones, satellite imagery, and sensor networks enhance disaster monitoring and decision-making. Additionally, the study discusses the role of AI in optimizing emergency resource allocation and predicting infrastructure vulnerabilities. Through an analysis of past disaster management strategies, this research aims to propose AI-integrated frameworks that enhance disaster preparedness and resilience.

The digital era in the industrial revolution 4.0 has brought significant changes in various aspects of life, including education. With the presence of increasingly sophisticated digital technology and the widespread use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the education system is currently faced with new challenges to adapt to the times. However, the emergence of AI also has a negative impact on education, especially in the context of Technology and Vocational Education, namely increasing plagiarism, excessive dependence, lack of skill development, and weakening of culture, norms, and interactions between students and lecturers. This study aims to analyze the moral and ethical role in the use of AI in Technology and Vocational Education. The literature review research method is used in this study with a qualitative approach. Secondary data collection was carried out with the help of Google Scholar web technology and the bibliometric processing application VOSViewer. The data analysis technique applies the Miles & Hubberman model which consists of: data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study show that morals and ethics play a central role in the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) in Technology and Vocational Education in the digital era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. The study also recommends strategic steps to ensure the use of AI in Technology and Vocational Education remains ethical and effective.

This study aims to reprocess middlings from the mineral processing process carried out at PT Timah Tbk which still contains cassiterite minerals using a three disc magnetic separator tool with variations in electric current strength and distance between the height of the magnet and the belt. Sn content will be analyzed using XRF. Variations in the strength of the electric current used are ranging from 0.3 A to 1.3 A which will be divided into 3 variations and variations in the height distance of the magnet with the belt used, namely 0.7, 1 and 1.3 cm. This research was carried out 9 times of testing which will be sought for the optimum level and recovery produced. The results showed the distribution of tin distribution in each size fraction. In addition, the Sn content and Sn recovery produced also varied for each test variation. The highest Sn content (%), 27.1%, was obtained in the test with the highest electric current strength variation and the smallest magnet height distance. Meanwhile, the highest recovery of 85.12% was obtained in the test with the smallest electric current strength and the largest magnetic height distance. Based on the results of the study, the higher the electric current strength used, the higher the Sn content obtained, but the lower the Sn recovery obtained. Meanwhile, the higher the height distance of the magnet with the belt used, the lower the Sn content obtained but the higher the Sn recovery obtained. As well as for the optimum levels and recovery obtained in research using strong electric current and the height distance of the magnet with a medium belt with Sn content of 12.2% and Sn recovery of 54.67%.

This study aims to analyze the maintenance strategy of railway lines in West Sumatra using the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) approach to determine the most economically efficient and sustainable maintenance option. The main issues raised are the high cost of reactive maintenance and the risk of operational disruption due to track damage. The research method involved collecting construction, operational, and maintenance cost data from railway operators, as well as LCC-based scenario simulations to compare preventive and reactive maintenance strategies. The results of the analysis show that the preventive maintenance strategy results in lower total life cycle costs, compared to the reactive strategy. In addition, the preventive strategy also supports operational sustainability by minimizing the risk of service disruption and improving user safety. SWOT analysis shows that LCC implementation has great potential to improve budget efficiency and support local economic growth, although challenges such as data limitations and natural disaster risks need to be mitigated. This research concludes that an LCC-based approach can be the basis for designing more effective, efficient and sustainable railway maintenance policies. Recommendations include prioritizing preventive maintenance, using monitoring technology, and strengthening supporting policies.

Gold (Au) as a precious metal has played significant role throughout human history. Most gold ores subjected to leaching using the sodium cyanide (NaCN) contain high levels of base metals. High base metal content can influence the recovery of pregnant leach solution (PLS), as it affects the consumption of sodium cyanide (NaCN) and lime used to optimize the gold ore leaching process. Pre treatment leaching process is required for gold ores before the leaching process is carried out. In this study, a pre treatment leaching process was carried out using the Aachen High Shear and Filblast Low Shear Reactors with variations in feed solids percentage for each reactor, utilizing NaCN concentrations of 1000 ppm for the Aachen with bottle roll test (BRT) and 500 ppm for the Filblast with agitations leach test (ALT). Based on this study, each pre-treatment leaching reactor, the extraction percentages were 54.30% Au, 63,40%  Ag for the Aachen and 52.19% Au and 68,10% Ag at Filblast. Lime consumption in the Aachen was highest at 3.47 kg/t (PreOx 3 and AAL), while in Filblast at 1.71 kg/t. Meanwhile, NaCN consumption in the Aachen was highest at 0.64 kg/t (PreOx 2), compared to 0.80 kg/t in Filblast.