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Diaspora remittances are a major and relatively stable external financing source for underdeveloped and developing countries, often surpassing aid and foreign direct investment. Drawing on a narrative review of recent empirical studies, meta-analyses, and country cases, this paper examines how remittances contribute to sustainable finance by affecting economic growth, poverty and inequality, financial inclusion, and environmental outcomes. The evidence shows that remittances generally reduce poverty and enhance financial inclusion, while their growth and environmental impacts are heterogeneous and depend on factors such as financial development, human capital, and institutional quality. The paper argues that targeted policies lowering transaction costs, strengthening and digitizing financial systems, and designing instruments to channel remittances into productive and green investments are essential to fully integrating remittances into national sustainable finance and development strategies.

This study was conducted to examine the effect of compensation on employee performance through a literature review approach. The background of this research is based on the importance of compensation as a factor that contributes to improving employee work outcomes. Compensation is not only considered as remuneration for work performed, but also as an element that can encourage motivation and productivity. The study applied a descriptive method using a literature review approach. The data used were secondary data obtained from 20 national scientific journals published since 2020, discussing compensation and employee performance. Data collection was carried out through library research by selecting, classifying, and reviewing relevant literature sources. Furthermore, the data were analyzed descriptively by interpreting findings from previous studies. The results indicate that 19 out of 20 journals reported a positive and significant relationship between compensation and employee performance. Therefore, it can be concluded that compensation plays an essential role in enhancing employee performance, making an effective compensation system a crucial aspect of human resource management.

The need for housing is increasingly pressing with population growth and urbanization, while affordability remains a challenge for single-income households. The purpose of this investigation is to assess the impact of price also location on home purchase decisions using a literature review. This approach involves reviewing, analyzing, and synthesizing various relevant literature sources, such as scientific journals, books, undergraduate theses, also previous investigation reports that discuss factors influencing home purchase decisions. The study concludes that price plays a positive also significant role in home purchase decisions, as consumers prefer homes with prices commensurate with their purchasing power and the quality offered. Location has also been shown to influence decisions, particularly when housing is conveniently situated at a key location  and the availability of public facilities. However, certain studies indicate that price and location are not always the primary determinants of decision-making, as other variables such as promotion, brand image, product quality, and lifestyle also play a role.

Stunting merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang masih menjadi prioritas di Indonesia dan dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, termasuk faktor lingkungan. Pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga yang tidak aman berpotensi meningkatkan risiko penyakit infeksi yang dapat mengganggu pertumbuhan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga dengan kejadian stunting pada balita di Desa Ngadirojo Kidul, Kecamatan Ngadirojo, Kabupaten Wonogiri. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional analitik dengan pendekatan case control. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 72 balita yang terdiri dari 36 kasus (stunting) dan 36 kontrol (tidak stunting) dengan perbandingan 1:1. Data dikumpulkan melalui pengukuran status gizi berdasarkan indikator tinggi badan menurut umur serta wawancara menggunakan kuesioner untuk menilai praktik pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga. Analisis data dilakukan secara bivariat untuk mengetahui hubungan antara variabel paparan dan kejadian stunting. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar keluarga belum menerapkan pengelolaan sampah yang aman, dan terdapat hubungan antara pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga dengan kejadian stunting pada balita. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa praktik pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga merupakan salah satu faktor lingkungan yang berpotensi berkontribusi terhadap kejadian stunting. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan intervensi berbasis lingkungan untuk mendukung upaya percepatan penurunan stunting di tingkat desa.

Stunting merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang masih menjadi prioritas di Indonesia dan dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, termasuk faktor lingkungan. Pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga yang tidak aman berpotensi meningkatkan risiko penyakit infeksi yang dapat mengganggu pertumbuhan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga dengan kejadian stunting pada balita di Desa Ngadirojo Kidul, Kecamatan Ngadirojo, Kabupaten Wonogiri. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional analitik dengan pendekatan case control. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 72 balita yang terdiri dari 36 kasus (stunting) dan 36 kontrol (tidak stunting) dengan perbandingan 1:1. Data dikumpulkan melalui pengukuran status gizi berdasarkan indikator tinggi badan menurut umur serta wawancara menggunakan kuesioner untuk menilai praktik pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga. Analisis data dilakukan secara bivariat untuk mengetahui hubungan antara variabel paparan dan kejadian stunting. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar keluarga belum menerapkan pengelolaan sampah yang aman, dan terdapat hubungan antara pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga dengan kejadian stunting pada balita. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa praktik pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga merupakan salah satu faktor lingkungan yang berpotensi berkontribusi terhadap kejadian stunting. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan intervensi berbasis lingkungan untuk mendukung upaya percepatan penurunan stunting di tingkat desa.

Corruption cases in Indonesia often involve the recovery of state assets, including properties encumbered by mortgages (hak tanggungan). This research conducts a normative legal analysis on how current law treats such pledged assets when they become objects of state confiscation in corruption crimes. We examine Indonesian legislation (especially the Tipikor Act, TPPU Act, and Mortgage Act), judicial practice, and principles of justice and legal certainty. The Bank Perumda BPR Purworejo case is used as an illustrative case study: here fictitious loans and misused collateral led to state losses of hundreds of millions of rupiah, and investigators seized assets (including four mortgaged properties) as evidence. The analysis finds that existing rules inadequately protect good-faith creditors: courts have noted that a corruption verdict does not automatically erase a prior mortgage lien, and that a certified mortgage confers a preferential right equal to a judgment. In practice, however, law enforcement often seizes all assets of the convict without first verifying third-party rights, creating legal uncertainty and perceived injustice. We argue that fair outcomes require stricter safeguards for creditors (e.g. mandatory review of collateral status before seizure) and consideration of equitable principles. In conclusion, we recommend legal reforms or guidelines to balance the state’s recovery goals with protection of bona fide mortgagees, so as to uphold substantive justice while maintaining legal certainty.

The death of a Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) student allegedly linked to police action raises significant legal issues concerning the limits of the use of force and the construction of criminal liability. This study aims to reformulate the elements of assault resulting in death by integrating the objective element (actus reus) and the subjective element (mens rea) within the framework of the doctrines of dolus and culpa. It also seeks to develop a model of criminal liability analysis that is more transparent, accountable, and oriented toward the protection of a child’s right to life. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, supported by a literature review of legislation, court decisions, and criminal law scholarship. Data are analyzed qualitatively through grammatical, systematic, and teleological interpretation. The findings indicate that proving the act and the resulting death alone is insufficient without clearly establishing the form of fault. The distinction between dolus eventualis and culpa lata constitutes a decisive factor in determining the classification of the offense and the degree of criminal liability. Ambiguity in identifying the spectrum of fault may lead to sentencing disparities and weaken the principle of geen straf zonder schuld (no punishment without fault). Therefore, this study proposes a reconstruction of the elements of the offense that places proof of mens rea at the center of assessing police accountability while ensuring the protection of the child’s right to life.

In the current digital era, social media has become an open space filled with streams of information, including invalid ones. Santri, as the future generation of the ummah, are required to have critical thinking skills to filter, analyze, and make wise decisions. Islamic boarding schools as traditional Islamic educational institutions are faced with the challenge to remain relevant amidst technological developments. This study aims to: 1) Find out the strategies of Pondok Pesantren Daruttaqwa III Gresik in improving students’ critical thinking skills toward social media developments, 2) Identify supporting and inhibiting factors in the implementation of the strategy, 3) Understand the role of Pondok Pesantren Daruttaqwa III in integrating traditional values with modern approaches to sharpen students’ critical thinking skills. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis includes data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results show that the strategies include: 1) Integration of digital literacy and critical thinking in the formal education curriculum, 2) Character building and supervision in the dormitory environment as a key strategy, 3) Strengthening through extracurricular activities, awareness campaigns, and limited training. Supporting factors include strong leadership, dedication from teachers and administrators, presence of traditional Islamic values as ethical foundations, and increased student awareness. Obstacles include time limitations, lack of structured materials, varying digital literacy levels, and the rapid evolution of social media. The pesantren has successfully integrated Islamic values such as tabayyun, adab, amanah, and husnudzon with modern approaches.

The community service activity conducted in Dusun Wates, focusing on the empowerment of Ibu Siti’s UMKM (Small and Medium Enterprises) producing Banana and Gadung Chips, has shown significant results in improving entrepreneurial capacity and social transformation within Ibu Siti’s family. This research aims to explore the outcomes of the community service program, linking the findings to theories of entrepreneurship, community empowerment, and social change. The activities involved managerial assistance, product rebranding, and online marketing, which led to better management practices, an improved product identity, and increased market reach. The application of digital marketing proved effective in expanding market access for local products, contributing to the economic growth of the family. This study also highlights the importance of family-based entrepreneurship in achieving sustainable social and economic change. The results are aligned with the findings of previous studies, such as those by Wahyuni (2022) and Raharjo (2021), and suggest that the integration of technology and local leadership can significantly drive social transformation at the community level.

This research is grounded in the enactment of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the National Criminal Code, which raises normative questions regarding the legal status of gratification within Indonesia’s anti-corruption framework. The study aims to analyze the normative position of gratification following criminal law codification and to assess its implications for evidentiary mechanisms under the Anti-Corruption Law. Employing a normative legal research method, this study applies statutory and conceptual approaches through comprehensive literature review of primary and secondary legal sources. The findings indicate that gratification remains regulated under the Anti-Corruption Law as lex specialis and is not nullified by the National Criminal Code. The reversal of the burden of proof mechanism continues to apply, although its interpretation must align with fundamental criminal law principles such as culpability and proportionality. The study concludes that systematic harmonization between both legal regimes is essential to ensure legal certainty and strengthen anti-corruption enforcement.

In the current digital era, social media has become an open space filled with streams of information, including invalid ones. Santri, as the future generation of the ummah, are required to have critical thinking skills to filter, analyze, and make wise decisions. Islamic boarding schools as traditional Islamic educational institutions are faced with the challenge to remain relevant amidst technological developments. This study aims to: 1) Find out the strategies of Pondok Pesantren Daruttaqwa III Gresik in improving students’ critical thinking skills toward social media developments, 2) Identify supporting and inhibiting factors in the implementation of the strategy, 3) Understand the role of Pondok Pesantren Daruttaqwa III in integrating traditional values with modern approaches to sharpen students’ critical thinking skills. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis includes data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results show that the strategies include: 1) Integration of digital literacy and critical thinking in the formal education curriculum, 2) Character building and supervision in the dormitory environment as a key strategy, 3) Strengthening through extracurricular activities, awareness campaigns, and limited training. Supporting factors include strong leadership, dedication from teachers and administrators, presence of traditional Islamic values as ethical foundations, and increased student awareness. Obstacles include time limitations, lack of structured materials, varying digital literacy levels, and the rapid evolution of social media. The pesantren has successfully integrated Islamic values such as tabayyun, adab, amanah, and husnudzon with modern approaches.

This study aims to analyze the effect of Return on Asset (ROA), Current Ratio (CR), Net Profit Margin (NPM), and Total Asset Turnover (TATO) on company value as measured by Price Book Value (PBV) in property and real estate sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2019–2023 period. This research adopts a quantitative method with a causal associative approach. The data was obtained from the financial reports of eight companies that met the purposive sampling criteria. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS software. The results show that, partially, ROA and CR have a significant negative effect on PBV, while NPM does not have a significant effect on PBV, and TATO has a significant negative effect on PBV. Simultaneously, all four independent variables significantly affect PBV, with an R² value of 12.3%, indicating that most of the PBV variations are explained by other factors outside the research model. These findings provide insights for investors and company management regarding the importance of asset management and operational efficiency in enhancing firm market value.

Facies analysis and thin-section petrography are complementary and essential approaches for determining the lithological characteristics of deep-water deposits. Deep-water sediments are formed by diverse depositional processes such as turbidity currents, debris flows, slumps, and pelagic suspension settling, producing a wide range of lithofacies with distinctive textural, compositional, and sedimentary structural attributes. This literature review synthesizes studies that apply facies analysis and thin-section petrography to characterize deep-water deposits across various basins and geological ages worldwide. Field-based facies analysis emphasizes lithology, sedimentary structures, bed geometry, and vertical–lateral facies relationships to reconstruct depositional environments. In contrast, thin-section petrography provides microscopic insights into mineral composition, grain texture, cement types, porosity, and diagenetic features that are not observable in the field. The integration of these methods, often combined with advanced techniques such as XRD, SEM, and geochemical analyses, has proven effective in distinguishing lithofacies, understanding sedimentary processes, and evaluating reservoir quality. The review highlights that grain size, sorting, cement type, pore-throat size, and diagenetic processes are key controls on lithological characteristics and reservoir potential in deep-water systems. Therefore, the combined application of facies analysis and thin-section petrography provides a comprehensive framework for interpreting deep-water sedimentary systems.

This study aims to analyze the comparison of the impact of financial and non-financial compensation effectiveness on turnover intention among Generation Z employees. The high turnover rates within Generation Z, despite receiving adequate financial compensation, indicate a shift in their preferences regarding the workforce. Generation Z tends to seek more than just financial compensation, such as flexibility, a supportive work environment, and opportunities for growth. The method used in this study is a literature review, analyzing various relevant scholarly journals related to strategic compensation, Generation Z characteristics, and turnover intention. The research findings show that non-financial compensation has a more significant impact in reducing turnover intention among Generation Z compared to financial compensation. Therefore, companies need to focus on aspects such as work-life balance, career development opportunities, and an inclusive and supportive work culture. These findings provide valuable insights that companies should adopt a more holistic reward approach through the total rewards concept, which includes both financial and non-financial compensation, in order to enhance loyalty and retention of Generation Z employees in the long term.

Sustainability accounting plays a very important role for companies, especially in managing the operational impacts on the environment and the surrounding community. Therefore, the implementation of sustainability accounting has a significant impact, particularly in the banking industry sector. This study aims to analyze the effects of implementing sustainability accounting in the banking sector, with Bank Mandiri as a case study. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach, focusing on the paradigm and analyzing the causes and effects of the implementation of sustainability accounting. The results show that the implementation of sustainability accounting affects the operations of Bank Mandiri, especially in efforts to reduce the negative impacts on the environment and society. One of the steps taken by Bank Mandiri is integrating sustainability principles into its operational strategy. Based on these findings, it is recommended that Bank Mandiri continue to strive to improve the company's environmental performance and expand sustainability programs that have a positive impact on society and the environment. In this way, the company can create long-term value not only for internal stakeholders but also for the broader community and the environment.

This paper examines the shift in the economic paradigm in Indonesia through digitalization, driven by the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the transition towards Society 5.0. The people's economy based on SMEs faces significant new challenges and opportunities in this era. Using a literature approach and case studies, this article highlights how information technology plays a role not only as a marketing tool but also as an instrument to strengthen economic sovereignty in accordance with the mandate of Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution. The findings indicate that the success of digital transformation depends on the synergy between supportive government policies, private sector innovation, and the adaptability of SME actors. In facing global challenges, the proposed strategy includes strengthening digital literacy for all levels of society and protecting the domestic market from the influx of foreign products that could threaten the sustainability of SMEs. This is crucial to ensure the future resilience of the national economy while also promoting the sustainable growth of the SME sector. Thus, digitalization is not only an efficiency solution but also a key factor in reinforcing Indonesia's people-based economy in the globalization era.

This study aims to describe the transformation of Biology learning through the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to strengthen 21st-century skills at a State Senior High School in Waingapu, East Sumba. Amidst the limitations of physical laboratory facilities, AI emerges as an innovative solution to visualize abstract biological concepts. This research employs a qualitative approach, with data collection techniques involving observation, interviews with teachers and students, and documentation studies. The results indicate that the utilization of AI platforms, such as Generative AI and virtual simulations, significantly shifts the student learning paradigm from rote memorization to active inquiry. The integration of AI has proven effective in reinforcing the 4C skills (Critical Thinking, Creativity, Collaboration, and Communication). Students have become more critical in validating information, creative in designing science projects, and more collaborative in classroom discussions. Furthermore, AI assists teachers in streamlining instructional time, allowing for deeper conceptual exploration. Despite challenges regarding local internet stability, this transformation represents a strategic step in narrowing the educational quality gap between peripheral and urban areas. In conclusion, the implementation of AI, coupled with adaptive teacher guidance, is highly effective in developing competitive students in the digital era.

Primary dysmenorrhea is a common reproductive health problem among adolescents and women of reproductive age, significantly affecting quality of life and academic productivity. Psychological stress and dietary patterns are considered important contributing factors influencing the incidence and severity of menstrual pain. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between stress levels and dietary intake with the occurrence of primary dysmenorrhea in adolescents and women of reproductive age. A literature review was conducted using articles published between 2015 and 2025 retrieved from Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed descriptively and narratively. The findings showed that the prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea ranged from 54.4% to 90.6%. Higher stress levels were significantly associated with increased risk and intensity of menstrual pain (OR up to 4.03). Frequent consumption of sugary foods, fast food, and pro-inflammatory dietary patterns was linked to higher incidence and severity of dysmenorrhea (OR up to 4.8), whereas adequate intake of fruits, vegetables, iron, calcium, and magnesium demonstrated protective effects. Primary dysmenorrhea is multifactorial and significantly associated with stress and dietary intake; therefore, integrated stress management and nutritional education interventions are recommended in adolescent reproductive health programs.

This study explores the integration of Creativity Education and Growth Mindset in Catholic Religious Education (CRE) at Senior High Schools and examines its alignment with the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4, focusing on quality and inclusive education. Using a Systematic Literature Review based on the PRISMA 2020 protocol, the study analyzed 1,263 articles from scientific databases, narrowing down to 106 relevant studies. The findings highlight that Creativity Education fosters critical thinking, cognitive flexibility, problem-solving, and the integration of moral and spiritual values. Growth Mindset enhances students’ intrinsic motivation, perseverance, and resilience, creating an adaptive, innovative, and inclusive learning environment. The synthesis led to the development of an integrative learning model, which includes the Creative Reflective Learning Cycle, Faith-Based Project Learning, Creative Growth Dialogue, and Digital Creativity Integration. This model aims to holistically develop students’ cognitive, creative, moral, and spiritual capacities. The study demonstrates that the combination of Creativity Education and Growth Mindset enriches CRE pedagogical practices and supports the development of 21st-century skills, such as critical thinking, collaboration, digital literacy, and moral literacy. It concludes that project-based learning, digital technology integration, and curriculum adjustments are vital steps in improving learning quality and inclusiveness. The study recommends further empirical research to test the effectiveness of the proposed model.

The digital era has fundamentally revolutionized human interaction and information processing, particularly for Generation Z as digital natives. This research aims to identify the characteristics of digital information consumed by Generation Z and evaluate their long-term memory (LTM) capacity in the digital age. Using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method with a qualitative approach, 15 relevant studies published between 2021 and 2026 were analyzed from databases such as Scopus, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. The findings indicate that digital information characteristics—which are often "bite-sized," visual, and rapidly consumed—tend to encourage shallow encoding and digital amnesia. However, the study also found a dual impact: while high cognitive load and constant multitasking can hinder memory consolidation, structured digital use and interactive learning modules can significantly enhance memory retention. These results imply that optimal cognitive function in the digital era highly depends on digital literacy and effective information management strategies to balance technological use with natural cognitive sharpness.