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This article explores the application of the Deep Learning approach in inclusive Islamic Religious Education (PAI) for children with special needs (ABK), with a focus on improving the understanding of abstract concepts such as monotheism and morals. The main problems faced by ABK in PAI learning include difficulties in understanding religious concepts due to cognitive, emotional, and sensory challenges. The purpose of this study is to analyze the urgency of Deep Learning in improving the spiritual understanding, motivation, and well-being of ABK through more personalized and reflective learning. The methods used include reflective strategies such as journals and discussions, adaptive media in the form of animation and audio, and collaborative learning with peers. The findings show that the application of Deep Learning improves ABK's in-depth understanding of religious values, as well as spiritual motivation and the ability to apply ethics in everyday life. The conclusion of this study is that Deep Learning can be an effective solution in inclusive PAI learning, supporting teachers in developing more humanistic learning designs and focusing on the character building of ABK.

The rapid advancement of technology has significantly impacted the field of education, making learning more interactive and engaging. This study aims to investigate the implementation of Google Sites in enhancing the learning motivation of eighth-grade students at SMPN 1 Polongbangkeng Utara in science subjects. The research employed a Classroom Action Research (PTK) approach with a quantitative descriptive method, involving 32 students as participants. Data were collected through observations, questionnaires, and documentation over two cycles of learning interventions. The results showed that students’ learning motivation increased progressively from the pre-cycle, with a low average of 38%, to cycle I with 55% (moderate), and reached 78% (high) in cycle II. Indicators such as diligence, perseverance, attention, achievement, and independence showed significant improvement after utilizing Google Sites. These findings suggest that Google Sites, as an interactive and easily accessible digital learning media, can effectively stimulate student engagement, facilitate understanding of complex concepts, and foster independent learning. The study highlights the potential of integrating technology-based media to enhance motivation in science education.

This study aims to analyze the dynamics of interfaith relations in Indonesia by integrating Social Identity Theory (SIT), Social Identity Complexity (SIC), and Pope Francis’ vision of synodality. The focus is directed toward understanding how social identity categories, overlapping identity structures, and the synodal vision of communion, participation, and mission enrich the paradigm of religious moderation in a plural society. This research employs a qualitative library research design using descriptive-analytical and content analysis techniques on identity theories, empirical findings on interfaith tolerance, and relevant Catholic Church documents. The analysis includes an exploration of the core concepts of SIT and SIC, a review of interfaith tolerance practices in Indonesian communities, and an examination of the pastoral significance of synodality as a dialogical approach. The findings indicate that religious moderation can flourish when religious communities have natural spaces of encounter, develop flexible identity intersections, and engage actively in mutual listening as emphasized in the Synod 2021–2024. In this context, synodality provides a theological and pastoral framework for cultivating inclusive, creative, and transformative interfaith relations, allowing each religious tradition to express its uniqueness while fostering fraternal harmony.

This study explores the implementation of circular economy principles within Safina Quilt, an MSME in Balikpapan that transforms textile waste—such as fabric scraps and discarded clothing—into value-added products. Safina Quilt applies the concepts of reduction, reuse, and upcycling throughout its production processes using quilting techniques, while simultaneously establishing an inclusive supply chain that engages local tailors, individuals with disabilities, and homemakers. This business model not only delivers economic gains by increasing profit margins and expanding market reach but also generates substantial social benefits by empowering vulnerable community groups. Although challenges remain, including limited access to supporting materials, constraints in production capacity, and insufficient digital marketing efforts, Safina Quilt demonstrates how MSMEs can successfully integrate environmental, economic, and social sustainability. Strengthening supply chain mechanisms, enhancing production capabilities, and improving digital marketing strategies are essential for scaling up and ensuring long-term business sustainability.

This study examines the implementation of Project Based Learning (PjBL) in enhancing students’ understanding of moral values in Islamic Religious Education at the tenth grade of MA Yapina. The research is motivated by the urgent need to strengthen character education through learning experiences that are meaningful, contextual, and aligned with the challenges of contemporary moral degradation. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study analyzes learning activities, instructional documents, and students’ project outputs to explore how PjBL shapes their comprehension of akhlak as both knowledge and practiced behavior. Findings indicate that PjBL encourages active participation, collaboration, creativity, and reflective thinking, enabling students to interpret moral values through real-life situations and group-based problem solving. Projects assigned to students, such as posters, videos, and thematic presentations, foster deeper understanding because they require the integration of moral concepts into practical tasks. The role of the teacher as a facilitator further supports the learning process by guiding students in inquiry and project management. Despite challenges such as variation in student discipline and time constraints, the overall implementation of PjBL demonstrates positive effects on students’ cognitive and affective grasp of moral values. This study underscores the relevance of PjBL as an innovative pedagogical model for Islamic Religious Education and highlights its potential for strengthening character formation in madrasah settings. It also suggests the need for further research involving direct classroom observations and interviews to enrich empirical evidence on the long-term impact of PjBL on student character development.

Service activities in this educational unit are carried out with the aim of fulfilling the teaching assistance program, in which one of the programs is the work program for developing mathematics teaching media in the form of snakes and ladders, the application of the educational game Snakes and Ladders (snakes and ladders) as a mathematics learning innovation in class II MIS NWDI Selong. This game is used as a medium to help students understand the concept of plane shapes and simple addition operations in a fun way. Service activities are carried out through four main stages, namely planning, implementation of learning, and evaluation of activities. The results of the activity show that the application of the Snakes and Ladders game is able to increase students' enthusiasm for learning, strengthen understanding of basic mathematical concepts, and foster teacher enthusiasm in developing creative learning. Educational game media has been proven to be able to create a more active, communicative, fun and meaningful learning atmosphere for elementary school students.

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology offers new opportunities to enhance the effectiveness of teaching and learning processes. However, the level of understanding and utilization of AI in vocational school environments remains varied. The socialization activity on the use of AI at SMK Negeri 4 Padangsidimpuan was carried out as an effort to improve digital literacy, pedagogical competence, and the skills of both students and teachers in effectively utilizing AI technology. The activity methods included material presentation, demonstrations of educational AI applications, and hands-on practice using several AI platforms for material creation, data analysis, and learning support. The results showed an improvement in teachers' and students' understanding of basic AI concepts, their ability to use AI tools in teaching, and increased motivation to integrate AI into the learning process. This socialization activity is expected to serve as an initial step in developing an adaptive, innovative, and technology-based learning ecosystem that aligns with the needs of the digital era.

This community service program aims to introduce ecoprint as an alternative environmentally friendly fashion product and encourage the development of alternative economy-based MSMEs at SD Negeri 040479 Perteguhen. The program was carried out in several stages, namely socialization of the concepts of sustainable fashion and alternative economy, training in ecoprint techniques using natural materials such as teak leaves, cassava leaves, and bougainvillea flowers, as well as assistance in production and product development. Participants in the activity consisted of teachers, parents, and members of the community around the school who were interested in the development of creative MSMEs. The results of the activity showed an increase in participants’ understanding of the impact of the fashion industry on the environment and the importance of using environmentally friendly materials. Participants also demonstrated improved skills in ecoprint product manufacturing, from fabric preparation and motif arrangement to color fixation. The resulting products, such as cloth bags, scarves, and tablecloths, are aesthetically pleasing, unique, and have the potential to be sold as valuable local products. In addition, this activity encouraged participants’ creativity in creating a variety of motifs and colors, as well as building awareness of the importance of sustainable innovation. From a socio-economic perspective, this activity opens up opportunities for the development of local MSMEs through the sustainable use of natural resources and the application of alternative economic principles. The formation of a creative community involving schools and the community demonstrates synergy in the development of environmentally-oriented businesses. This activity is expected to become a model for the development of creative MSMEs based on eco-friendly and local resources, while supporting the principles of sustainable development and responsible consumption and production.

This community service activity was carried out by the Real Work Lecture (KKN) team of the State Islamic University of North Sumatra (UINSU) with the aim of developing ecoprint products as an environmentally friendly innovation as well as a means of empowering creative MSMEs in the environment of SD 040479 Perteguhen, Simpang Empat District, Karo Regency. This program was motivated by the low level of public awareness of the importance of sustainable natural resource management and the limited skills in utilizing the potential of the environment to create products with economic value. This activity is also expected to provide an educational experience for elementary school students in learning about environmentally friendly concepts and creative entrepreneurship from an early age. The activity was held on August 9, 2025, involving participants from among students, teachers, and the community around the school. The implementation method included four stages, namely (1) socialization and environmental education on the basic principles of ecoprint, (2) technical training in ecoprint making, (3) hands-on practice using natural materials, and (4) evaluation and reflection on the results of the work. The technique used was the method of soaking tote bags in hot water at a temperature of 80–90°C using natural materials such as teak leaves, guava leaves, cassava leaves, and hibiscus flowers available around the school. The results of the activity showed that the hot water soaking technique produced soft natural motifs, harmonious color gradations, and leaf patterns

The increase in the population of Medan City has a direct impact on the increasing demand for housing and settlements, which is not always in line with environmental carrying capacity and the fulfillment of livable housing standards. Residential buildings contribute significantly to energy and water consumption, as well as environmental degradation, thus requiring a sustainable design approach. This study aims to formulate criteria and principles for the design of simple, livable houses by applying the concept of green buildings. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a focus on the design of class 1a residential buildings. The study was conducted through a review of relevant regulations and standards, including the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing's Green Building principles, the GREENSHIP Homes assessment system by the Green Building Council Indonesia, and livable housing indicators from the North Sumatra II Housing Provision Implementation Center. The results of the study show that the application of green building concepts in Small Houses can be realized through proper site management, optimization of natural lighting and ventilation, efficient use of energy and water, sustainable waste and wastewater management, and the selection of environmentally friendly building materials. The application of these principles can produce Small Houses that not only meet livable standards but also contribute to environmental sustainability.

The objectives of this community service activity are: First, to increase members' understanding of the concepts of leadership and effective organizational governance. Second, to strengthen the capacity of youth in entrepreneurship. Third, to equip them with the skills to develop innovative and adaptive work programs tailored to local needs. The methods used in this activity include workshops focused on delivering theoretical material, practical technical guidance or training applied to train participants in effective leadership and good organizational management, and mentoring methods implemented using a participatory approach. The evaluation of the activity showed significant improvements in knowledge, skills, and attitudes across three aspects that have historically hindered partners: education, social issues, and economics. In conclusion, there was a significant improvement overall after the community service activity, at 56%. The highest level of understanding among participants is the importance of leadership as a driving force for the organization, but to develop an entrepreneurial attitude as a foundation for independence and competitiveness, continuous reinforcement is needed so that Karang members can be prepared as an independent generation.

Social studies learning as one of the progmatic components in the school curriculum is actually expected to support the achievement of the ideal goals of education. Through social studies education, students are fostered and developed their intellectual mental abilities to become citizens who are skilled and socially concerned and responsible in accordance with the values contained in Pancasila. Social studies learning contained in the educational curriculum is a simplification of learning materials from social science knowledge or concepts. The method in this study is research using a quantitative research approach. This research is descriptive. The sample in this study was 30 students of grade VIIIA (control) and VIIIB (experiment) of SMP Kristen Taaba District. Data collection techniques using test questions and documentation. Based on the results of research and discussion, and data analysis carried out, it can be concluded that the mind mapping learning model can affect the learning outcomes of social studies class VIII SMP Kristen Taaba District. Indicators of the assessment of learning outcomes can be seen from the students' posttest scores have increased. Based on the research objectives with the t-test hypothesis, an sg (2 – Tailed) value of < 0.05 is obtained which is 0.000 so that H0 is rejected meaning that there is an influence of the mind mapping learning model on the learning outcomes of social studies class VIII SMP Kristen Taaba District. In other words, the mind mapping learning model affects learning outcomes with categories that are quite effective.

Intraoperative hypotension, particularly during spinal anesthesia in cesarean sections or major surgeries, is a common complication that can adversely affect maternal hemodynamics and organ perfusion, including fetal circulation. Vasopressors such as norepinephrine, phenylephrine, and ephedrine are widely used to manage this condition. This study employed a scoping review, defined as a type of research synthesis aimed at mapping the literature on a specific topic or field, providing an opportunity to identify key concepts, research gaps, and types and sources of evidence to inform clinical practice, policy-making, and further research. A systematic search was conducted across 10 recent experimental and clinical studies evaluating the effectiveness and safety of vasopressors in adult patients, particularly ASA I–II parturients, during surgical procedures. The results indicate that norepinephrine tends to maintain blood pressure with a lower incidence of tachycardia compared to ephedrine, while phenylephrine effectively prevents systemic vascular resistance decline but may reduce heart rate and cardiac output in a dose-dependent manner. Effects on fetal cerebral perfusion and cerebral oxygenation were generally similar across vasopressors. No significant differences were observed in neonatal Apgar scores or maternal complications. In conclusion, norepinephrine and phenylephrine are effective alternatives for managing intraoperative hypotension, whereas ephedrine increases cardiac output but may elevate the risk of tachycardia. Selecting the appropriate vasopressor is crucial to ensure maternal and neonatal safety.

This study examines the representation of patriarchal hegemony and the forms of women’s resistance in Kartini (2017), a film directed by Hanung Bramantyo, using Antonio Gramsci’s theory of hegemony as the analytical framework. The research is grounded in the persistence of patriarchal culture that places women in subordinate positions within society, including in media and film representations. The purpose of this study is to identify the forms of patriarchal domination depicted in the film and to analyze the main character’s strategies of resistance against such hegemony. The study employs a descriptive qualitative method, with data collected through observation of scenes and dialogues that reveal social domination and acts of resistance. The analysis process involves data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing by connecting findings with Gramsci’s theoretical concepts. The results indicate that social domination in the film is represented through restrictions on women’s education, social control, and the reinforcement of traditional values that constrain women’s roles. Patriarchy operates not through physical coercion but through social consent internalized as cultural truth. Meanwhile, Kartini’s resistance is expressed through critical awareness, education, and the dissemination of emancipatory ideas as forms of counter-hegemony. The film portrays women’s struggle to challenge patriarchal structures through intellectual strength and ideological consciousness. The findings suggest that social change begins with shifts in cultural consciousness rather than merely structural transformation.

This paper analyzes the relevance of the Frankfurt School’s Critical Theory in shaping public policy in Indonesia’s trade sector, particularly in the context of implementing Law Number 7 of 2014 on Trade. Using key concepts of Critical Theory—such as alienation, reification, instrumental rationality, and emancipation—this study evaluates how the structure of modern political economy can generate social inequality, the marginalization of small business actors, and the dominance of market-driven logic in national trade practices. A thematic analysis approach based on a literature review is employed to examine relevant scholarly works, including theories from Adorno, Horkheimer, Habermas, and contemporary critical theorists. The findings indicate that trade policies tend to be technocratic, efficiency-oriented, and insufficiently reflective of economic democracy, social justice, and empowerment principles for grassroots economic actors as mandated by the constitution. Such conditions reproduce structural injustices, particularly for MSMEs, which are often marginalized within a competitive trade system dominated by large capital. Therefore, more inclusive, participatory policy designs that are sensitive to structural inequalities are urgently needed. This study concludes that Critical Theory serves as a robust conceptual framework for analyzing power relations within the trade sector while also offering a transformative direction for policy development. Strengthening deliberative public spheres, enhancing MSME protection, and transforming power relations are essential steps toward achieving trade policies that are fairer, more humanistic, and emancipatory.

Total Quality Management (TQM) in education has become an important issue in line with increasing societal demands for quality educational services and student satisfaction. Improving educational quality not only depends on the curriculum but also on the effective implementation of quality management principles in educational institutions, including secondary schools, universities, and Islamic boarding schools. This article aims to provide a literature review on the concept, implementation, and impact of quality management on customer satisfaction in the context of Islamic education, addressing two research questions: (1) How are the concepts and practices of quality management implemented? and (2) What are the drivers and barriers to successful implementation?. The method employed is a qualitative literature review, with scholarly articles retrieved from Google Scholar and Publish or Perish (PoP) using the keyword “integrated quality management in education.” The search focused on publications from 2020 to 2025, yielding 30 initial articles. After screening and selecting based on relevance and focus on customer satisfaction, 5 main articles were analyzed in depth. The review revealed three main trends: (1) implementation of integrated quality management enhances service quality and student satisfaction; (2) leadership and curriculum management are key factors for success; and (3) continuous evaluation strategies and staff competency development promote stakeholder satisfaction. In conclusion, systematic quality management in education positively impacts customer satisfaction, and further research is needed to conduct comparative studies across institutions and to explore the integration of digital quality management systems.

This study aims to explore and evaluate the implementation of the Curriculum of Love as a comprehensive preventive approach to addressing bullying in Senior High Schools. Bullying, defined as repeated negative behaviors intended to harm others through verbal, physical, or social actions, has become a serious problem in schools across Indonesia. Its effects on victims include physical and psychological health issues, reduced self-confidence, and in severe cases, suicidal thoughts. The research uses a literature review method, analyzing various academic sources such as journals and scholarly reports because the topic is closely related to theoretical concepts and theological values. The Curriculum of Love is a humanistic, holistic, and transformative educational model that emphasizes love, empathy, care, and compassion as central to all learning activities. Its core values of love, tolerance, and harmony form the foundation for promoting positive behavior. Findings indicate that this curriculum effectively addresses the complex causes of bullying, including individual, family, and social factors, by systematically instilling these core values. Implementation involves cultivating love for God to strengthen moral responsibility, love for fellow humans to foster respect and empathy, and practical activities such as role play, classroom companion programs, peaceful conflict resolution training, and teacher modeling. The Curriculum of Love creates a safe and supportive school environment and serves as an essential preventive and transformative educational strategy.

The transformation of history learning in the context of 21st-century education aims to prepare students to face the challenges of an increasingly complex and dynamic world. The concept of 21st-century learning emphasizes the development of critical, collaborative, and creative skills, which are highly relevant to studying history. History learning in the 21st century must include a more interactive approach, utilizing technology as a tool to deliver historical material in a more engaging and relevant manner. Through innovative models such as project-based learning and inquiry learning, students can be more actively involved in the learning process, not only receiving information but also developing the ability to analyze, evaluate, and draw conclusions from various historical sources. Technology supports the creation of more engaging learning experiences, such as the use of multimedia, simulations, and other digital resources. Furthermore, teachers play a role as facilitators, helping students build historical awareness, guiding them in seeking information, and developing critical thinking skills. However, the implementation of this learning model faces various challenges, such as limited technological infrastructure and a lack of teacher training. Therefore, efforts are needed to strengthen teacher competencies and adapt the curriculum to be more adaptive to changing times.

Schools play a strategic role in fostering an understanding of entrepreneurship from an early age to equip students to face future challenges. Strengthening entrepreneurial concepts is necessary to build knowledge and an adaptive mindset relevant to the dynamics of the workplace and everyday life. This Community Service (PkM) activity, conducted at Muhammadiyah Bontomarannu High School, aimed to foster students' entrepreneurial spirit through practical logo creation using the Canva app, as an effort to foster a culture of innovation within the school environment. The program was implemented in the odd semester and included a method that included explaining basic entrepreneurial concepts through presentations, educational YouTube videos, explanations of digital business opportunities, and hands-on practice in product logo creation. Nineteen students from grades 10, 11, and 12 participated in this activity. The results showed that students were able to understand the concepts of creativity and innovation more concretely. They also developed critical thinking and creative problem-solving skills through the logo design process using digital applications on mobile devices. These findings reflect the developing adaptive, creative, and solution-oriented abilities of Muhammadiyah Bontomarannu High School students. Overall, this activity is an initial step in instilling an entrepreneurial mindset while strengthening a culture of innovation within the school environment and in daily life.

Guidance and Counseling services have a strategic role in supporting students’ holistic development, including academic, social, emotional, and moral aspects. However, in practical implementation, counseling services in schools still show a gap between theoretical ideal concepts and real field practices. This study aims to analyze the role of school counselors in the implementation of Guidance and Counseling services at MTs Ibnu Sina Karawang, focusing on the counselor’s role, teacher-student interaction patterns, supporting factors, and challenges faced during implementation. This research employed a qualitative approach through semi-structured interviews with the school principal, teachers, and selected students. The findings show that the counselor plays multiple roles, namely as a disciplinary guide, personal counselor, moral educator, and facilitator of religious character strengthening. The interaction between counselors and students is carried out through humanistic, empathetic and communicative approaches. Supporting factors include strong collaboration among teachers, principals, homeroom teachers, and religious-based school activities. Meanwhile, several obstacles are found such as limited number of counselors, lack of students’ comprehensive understanding about BK functions, limited time allocation, and negative stigma that counseling services are only for problematic students. This research emphasizes the need for strengthening counseling literacy and transforming services into more preventive, developmental, collaborative, and continuously progressive student-oriented programs.