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This research is a quantitative descriptive study with an instrument in the form of a questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out in two ways, quantitative data was analyzed by non-parametric statistics and qualitative data was classified through coding. The population and sample of this study were all 12 teachers. The results showed that (1) all teachers at SDN Kepanjen 01 Kepanjen District, Malang Regency carried out WFH according to the Government Circular Letter, namely the learning planning stage: using it for making lesson plans and discussing with fellow teachers; stages of the learning process: using google forms and WA for student attendance, zoom for delivering material, WA for giving and collecting assignments, youtube and the web for learning media; and the learning evaluation stage: using google forms for PH or PTS and gadgets to correct student evaluation results. (2) The implementation of WFH at SDN Kepanjen 01 encountered various obstacles. (3) Obstacles during WFH are categorized into obstacles in gadgets, internet, material understanding, finance, communication, and level of focus. (4) The solution to the problems experienced is adjusted to the situation and condition of teachers and students' families at SDN Kepanjen 01 so that WFH and BDR can still run optimally. (5) WFH has a positive impact, namely creating a feeling of security because it avoids the spread of covid-19, has more free time, is free to determine work schedules, and automatically reduces transportation costs. While the negative impact is that teachers experience boredom, reduced interaction with colleagues, lowers the quality of performance results, and is addicted to social media. The researcher's suggestions for teachers are that teachers should (1) implement whatever policies have been set by the Principal with full responsibility and enthusiasm; (2) discuss all the obstacles that arise during WFH with the Principal and fellow teachers in order to obtain the most appropriate solution; (3) always teach students to apply health protocols at home; and (4) although WFH has a negative impact, teachers must be able to overcome it in various ways so as not to affect the quality of learning for students.

The This study aims to explore the implementation of online learning of Teaching Skills and Microteaching courses, focusing on three main aspects: preparation, implementation, and evaluation of learning. This study also considers the challenges that arise due to student involvement in the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) program, which often affects the consistency of their participation in regular learning. This study was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method with a case study design. The results showed that online learning was quite effective in conveying teaching skills theory through digital materials and asynchronous activities. However, teaching practice simulations faced several limitations, such as the difficulty of observing non-verbal elements, classroom management, and spontaneous responses of students during online simulations. Technical constraints, especially unstable internet connections, were also major obstacles in implementing learning. In addition, students involved in MBKM reported difficulties in dividing time between program assignments and regular course preparation, which impacted their participation and engagement.

The rapid growth of online English learning platforms has introduced new opportunities for language acquisition, yet maintaining student engagement and motivation remains a persistent challenge. Many learners experience reduced participation and limited knowledge retention in digital settings compared to traditional classroom environments. Addressing this issue, the present study investigates the effectiveness of gamified quizzes as a pedagogical strategy to enhance engagement, motivation, and retention among online English learners. A quasi-experimental design was employed with two groups: a control group that used a standard online platform and a treatment group that engaged with gamified quizzes incorporating points, badges, and leaderboards. Data on engagement were collected through participation frequency and time spent, while motivation was measured using pre- and post-intervention questionnaires, and retention was assessed through follow-up tests. Statistical analyses using independent-sample t-tests and ANOVA revealed significant differences between the two groups. The treatment group demonstrated higher engagement, stronger motivation, and improved retention outcomes compared to the control group. These results, supported by both tabular and graphical representations, highlight the pedagogical value of gamification in addressing motivational challenges and fostering meaningful learning. The study concludes that gamified quizzes serve not only as motivational tools but also as effective mechanisms to strengthen long-term knowledge retention in online English education. Implications for practice suggest that educators and digital learning designers should integrate gamification elements as a central feature of online platforms to optimize learner outcomes.

This research explores the use of Virtual Reality (VR) storytelling in language learning, focusing on its impact on speaking fluency, narrative skills, and student engagement. As traditional language teaching methods often face challenges such as limited speaking practice and learner anxiety, VR offers a promising alternative by creating immersive, interactive environments that encourage active participation. The objective of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of VR storytelling in enhancing these language skills, particularly in second language learners. The study utilized an action research methodology, involving language learners who participated in VR-based storytelling interventions. Pre- and post-assessments, along with surveys and student feedback, were used to evaluate speaking fluency, narrative construction, and overall engagement. The findings indicated significant improvements in all three areas, with students reporting increased confidence, reduced anxiety, and enhanced motivation to engage with the language. The use of VR not only improved grammatical and lexical aspects of speaking but also fostered creativity and coherence in storytelling. These results support the potential of VR to transform traditional language education by providing an engaging, low-pressure environment for learners. The study concludes by recommending the integration of VR in language classrooms to enhance language acquisition and suggests further exploration into long-term effects and content diversity.

The rapid development of technology has introduced various language learning resources, including podcasts, which offer authentic audio input but are often underutilized and lack structured application in EFL classrooms. Integrating gamification into podcasts represents a promising approach to enhance students’ engagement, motivation, and learning outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the impact of gamified podcasts on EFL students’ listening comprehension, learning motivation, and content retention. A quasi-experimental design was employed, involving university-level EFL students divided into an experimental group (gamified podcasts with interactive quizzes, leaderboards, and badges) and a control group (non-gamified podcasts). Pre-tests and post-tests assessed listening comprehension, motivation, and retention, with statistical comparisons conducted using t-tests and ANOVA. The results indicate that students exposed to gamified podcasts demonstrated significant improvements in listening comprehension, motivation, and retention compared to their peers in the control group. The interactive and competitive elements of gamification encouraged repeated engagement, active participation, and deeper cognitive processing of audio materials, which strengthened long-term memory and overall learning outcomes. These findings suggest that gamified podcast-based learning not only enriches traditional listening practices but also fosters a more engaging, motivating, and effective EFL learning environment. Consequently, integrating gamification into podcast instruction is recommended as an innovative strategy to support language acquisition and enhance students’ sustained involvement in learning activities.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an age-old biological phenomenon, as evidenced by its evolutionary history and abundance of environmental immunity Antibiotics used by humans contributes to resistance to acquired disease, a public health issue that drives the selection of resistance genes. A.M.R. One of the most important strategies to combat AMR is the search for new antibiotics. During the 1980s, existing products were either enhanced or modified in antibiotics currently on the market. The World Health Organization (WHO) warns of limited new candidates and highly characterizes the current pipeline. After careful analysis of preclinical and therapeutic pipelines, it seems expected that very few new antibiotics will enter the market in the coming years . Most of these candidates do not meet the new standards required to adequately address the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).The key principles to cope with the rapidly emerging AMR are diversity and innovation which are done. R&D efforts should address new antibiotic resistance. Although there is promising potential to change the dynamics between the spread of AMR, antibiotic reserves, and meeting new lead standards, we examine the historical context and challenges associated with drug a kills bacteria detection, and various other processes. Let us describe the proposed methods of revitalizing the pipeline.

This meta-analysis aims to measure the correlation between transformational leadership and workplace happiness by considering the effect size. The number of studies used in this study were 12 studies from 7 literatures that were considered to have met the requirements. The total sample of this study was 2662 people. The results of this meta-analysis indicate that a significant positive correlation between transformational leadership and workplace happiness is found at 95% CI (0.279; 0.612). The relationship between transformational leadership and workplace happiness is included in the moderate category with a score of r = 0.445. Similar results were found in other sample groups, namely the employee group (95% CI [0.234; 0.507]) with a score of r = 0.371. ; the health worker group obtained a score of r = 0.219 with 95% CI [0.142; 0.297]) and in the academic staff group a score of r = 0.565 with 95% CI [0.320; 0.808]). The results of the heterogeneity test showed good results and no publication bias.

Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani Yogyakarta (Unjaya) has values ​​internalized to the entire academic community through various programs. These are the Struggle Values ​​of General Achmad Yani (NKJA). Therefore, this study aims to identify NKJA which consists of Nationalist, Patriotic, and Heroic Dimensions in Unjaya students. The Nationalist Dimension consists of the values ​​of tolerance, adaptive, good character, and love for the country. The Patriotic Dimension consists ​​of being willing to sacrifice, obeying the rules, and being brave. While the Heroic Dimension consists of the values ​​of role models, responsibility, and achievement. The subjects in this study were 240 Unjaya students, consisting of 38 male students (15.8%) and 202 female students (84.2%). The results showed that Unjaya students had Nationalist (74%), Patriotic (72%), and Heroic (67%) levels included in the Moderate category (71%).

This type of research is qualitative research. This research aims to examine the role of the environment on children's socio-emotional development. The method used in this research is qualitative research with interviews as a data collection technique which was carried out on Saturday 26 October 2024. This research was conducted in the village of Bandar Putih Tua, Anak Ratu Aji, Central Lampung with the research subjects being 5 children aged 7-10 the year that is the data source. The research results show that the family environment has a significant impact on children's emotional management, while the peer environment influences children's social behavior, both positively and negatively. The school environment, on the other hand, plays a role in shaping children's emotional stability and social skills through interactions with teachers and peers. Based on this research, it can be concluded that the environment plays a very important role in children's socio-emotional development, and the role of parents and the regulation of the social environment around children greatly determines their social and emotional development. It is hoped that this research will provide deeper insight into the importance of creating a supportive environment for children's socio-emotional development.

The global maternal mortality rate is very high, with around 287,000 women dying during pregnancy or after giving birth in 2020. Nearly 95% of all maternal deaths.  Pregnancy examination carries out a series of prenatal tests to screen early for possible complications or health complications during pregnancy that could endanger the safety of the mother and fetus. This complication can be prevented and treated if the mother immediately seeks help from professional medical personnel. The aim of this activity is to increase respondents' knowledge regarding the importance of carrying out ANC examinations to find out the danger signs of pregnancy. Socialization methods in the form of lectures and questions and answers are used in this activity. It was found that respondents were very enthusiastic about listening to the material presented by the presenters. The conclusion from this activity is that prenatal examinations are very important during pregnancy. ANC examinations were carried out 6 times during pregnancy, by carrying out community service activities regarding the importance of ANC examinations.

The siwalan tree, which is a characteristic of Pragaan Daya Village, can be developed into a business that can improve the welfare of residents in the village. So in this way, Village MSMEs can be formed based on siwalan fruits. The implementation of MSMEs must be deceived by improving the quality of business actors and the products they produce in order to get adequate business consistency. In addition, existing MSMEs must prepare themselves for the era of digitalization in running their product businesses by paying attention to technological developments in order to minimize losses due to lagging product development. . This is based on the fact that the ongoing business can keep up with the times, which involves digitalization in all aspects of life, including in the application of siwalan products in Pragaan Daya Village. The purpose of this research is of course so that people in the village can optimize the sophistication of technology to make the digital platform a marketing platform for their products. In addition, of course, to create human resources who can compete in this era of digitalization. So that the initial goal of forming MSMEs can be realized. The empowerment of MSMEs based on siwalan can continue to progress and successfully compete with other MSME products.

This study aims to analyze the revenue and efficiency of the coffee powder processing industry "Cap Jempol" in Rejang Lebong Regency. The research employs a quantitative descriptive approach, focusing on revenue analysis, cost structure, and efficiency levels. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and questionnaires distributed to business owners and workers in the industry. The analysis shows that the total revenue (TR) of the "Cap Jempol" coffee powder business is IDR 35,000,000 per month, with total costs (TC) amounting to IDR 21.229.542 per month. The resulting profit is IDR 13.770.458 per month, and the Revenue-Cost Ratio (R/C Ratio) is calculated at 1.65, indicating that the business is profitable and efficient. Furthermore, labor productivity is measured at 100 kg per worker per month, demonstrating an efficient production process. Several factors influencing business revenue include raw material costs, operational expenses, market demand, marketing strategies, and competition. The findings suggest that improving production efficiency, expanding market reach, and optimizing cost management could enhance business profitability.

Public Green Open Space (RTH) is an essential element in urban spatial planning to support environmental sustainability. Through the process of photosynthesis, RTH helps absorb carbon dioxide (CO₂) produced by human activities, such as transportation and industry, thus contributing to climate change mitigation. This study aims to explore the role of RTH in absorbing CO₂ and the challenges faced in its management. The study was conducted using a systematic approach through literature analysis and case studies in several cities in Indonesia and around the world. The research results indicate that vegetation type, area size, and environmental conditions are the main factors affecting the carbon absorption capacity of RTH. Large trees have a significantly higher capacity to absorb CO₂ compared to shrubs and grass, with the ability to absorb up to 250.63 tons of CO₂ per year per tree. However, challenges such as limited RTH area, urbanization pressure, and lack of public awareness remain obstacles to optimal RTH management. The recommendations of this study include increasing the area and quality of RTH through data-based strategies, community participation in management, and the development of policies that support sustainability. With proper management, RTH can function as a climate change mitigation tool while improving the quality of life for urban communities.  

Child protection is an important aspect in realizing the welfare and sustainability of the nation’s future generation. However, many people still do not fully understand children’s rights and the forms of legal protection available. This community service activity aims to improve public understanding and legal awareness regarding child protection through legal counseling programs. The method used was a participatory approach employing lectures, discussions, question-and-answer sessions, and simple case studies to help participants better understand the material presented. The target participants included parents, adolescents, and the general public within the village community. The counseling materials covered children’s rights, forms of violence against children, and legal protection mechanisms that can be pursued in cases of violations of children’s rights. The results of the activity showed an increase in public understanding of the importance of child protection and the role of families and communities in creating a safe and child-friendly environment. In addition, the community became more aware of legal measures that can be taken to prevent and address cases of violence against children. Therefore, this legal counseling activity proved effective in increasing public legal awareness regarding child protection and encouraging the creation of a more socially responsible environment that respects children’s rights.

Currently, one concrete manifestation of community participation in nation building is by paying taxes.  Tax contributions in recent years have become increasingly significant and can be taken into account as the backbone of national financing sources in order to make national development programs a success that will increase economic growth. The number of taxpayers is also increasing from time to time as a reflection of increasing taxpayer awareness and compliance. MSMEs in Simokerto District, Surabaya, as part of the Taxpayers, we will accompany in realizing compliance as Taxpayers in the hope of knowing the latest regulations and calculation methods for withholding PPh Article 21 in the previous provisions, which have high complexity and calculation schemes that vary greatly. PPh Article 21 tax on individuals is very comparable to other withholding tax systems (for example: Final Income Tax, PPh Article 23), making it difficult for Taxpayers to fulfill their PPh Article 21 obligations. Government Regulation Number 58 of 2023 concerning Tax Withholding and Imposition Rates has been stipulated. Income Article 21 on Income in Connection with Work, Services or Activities of Individual Taxpayers (PP) which applies on January 1 2024

This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of socialization carried out by the General Election Commission (KPU) of Palangka Raya City in increasing the participation of students from the Palangka Raya State Islamic Institute (IAIN) in the regional head general election. The research methods used were surveys and interviews with related parties. The research results show that the majority of students already know information related to general elections, but there are still several obstacles in understanding voting techniques and the importance of using the right to vote. Based on these findings, this research recommends several strategies that the KPU can implement to increase the effectiveness of outreach, such as involving student organizations, utilizing social media, and holding voting simulation activities.

Driving discipline is an important attitude that must be possessed by all drivers or drivers in order to arrive safely at their destination. Traffic violations still occur frequently, one of which is smoking and calling while driving. The Transportation Service is an implementing element of the Regional Government in the field of Transportation which has the main task, namely Organizing Government affairs in the field of land, sea and air transportation, in accordance with the Laws and Regulations. This type of research shows empirical juridical research, with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and literature/document studies. The data collected is analyzed descriptively, the data that has been processed will be analyzed using the descriptive analysis method. The results of this study show: (1) The implementation of the duties and functions of the Kupang City Transportation Office for motorcyclists who smoke and call while driving is not / or has not been effective in accordance with the provisions of applicable laws and regulations. (2) There are several factors that hinder the implementation of the duties and functions of the Kupang City Transportation Office for motorcyclists who smoke and call while driving, including the legal factors themselves and the factors of facilities and infrastructure, namely the main obstacle is the unavailability of the budget. These two factors certainly have an interest that always hinders or affects the implementation of the rules regarding the prohibition of smoking and calling while driving, making the rules ineffective. Based on the results of the research, the author has several suggestions, namely improving the implementation of duties and functions for motorcyclists who smoke and call while driving, in accordance with the provisions of applicable laws and regulations and add educational programs and campaigns in the community related to the dangers of smoking and calling while driving, in addition to law enforcement must be carried out consistently by providing clear sanctions so that it has a deterrent effect,  and local governments need to allocate budgets to improve facilities and infrastructure that support control.      

Sentencing must take into account juridical and sociological aspects to provide a deterrent effect and benefit society. In Law no. 1 of 2023, the death penalty is regulated as a last resort for serious crimes, in accordance with human rights principles and Islamic legal views. This research uses a normative method with a statutory approach to examine the death penalty in Law no. 1 of 2023 and compare it with Islamic law. The death penalty in Law no. 1 of 2023 is regulated in Articles 64 and 67, no longer as a basic crime but as a last alternative for extraordinary crimes that threaten life, with stricter implementation because it refers to the ratification of the ICCPR. In Islamic law, the death penalty applies to murder, adultery (for married perpetrators), armed robbery and rebellion, with the principle of qishash as the main basis.

Inheritance distribution in Islam is one of the legal aspects regulated in detail in the Qur'an, hadith, and fiqh. Islamic inheritance law aims to provide justice and order in the distribution of a person's inheritance after death. This discussion is not only limited to the rights and obligations of heirs, but also includes dispute resolution mechanisms in various social and cultural contexts. In practice, inheritance problems from Muslims also intersect with non-Muslims, which can give rise to different perceptions among heirs or children of heirs who are not included in the heir group but receive a mandatory will in accordance with the provisions of positive law in relation to the distribution of inheritance of Muslims. In this study, the problem raised is how is the distribution of inheritance to non-Muslim children who receive mandatory testamentary rights over the inheritance of their Muslim parents, a case study of the Tigaraksa Religious Court decision Number: 1657/Pdt.G/2020/PA.Tgrs dated November 25, 2020. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of inheritance to non-Muslim children who receive mandatory testamentary rights over the inheritance of their Muslim parents. The results of the study showed that even though they do not have the status of heirs, non-Muslim children of the testator receive a mandatory testamentary share from the inheritance of their deceased parents (Heir) which does not exceed the share of the smallest heir or is equal to the share of the inheritance of a daughter. The inheritance is reduced by the testator's debt and is then divided into two parts, part of which is the joint property of the Heir and his wife, then the inheritance rights and mandatory testamentary rights are divided.

So the problem is whether the judge's consideration is based on the elements of a criminal act. carried out continuously in the decision is correct and appropriate and whether the conviction given by the judge in the decision is correct. The data was processed qualitatively, while the conclusion was drawn using deduction logic. Based on the judge's consideration that the testimony of the witnesses' testimony of the defendant, documentary instructions and the existence of evidence and facts were revealed at the trial.