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This study aims to analyze the role of the Selected Topics in Mathematics course in developing Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) among prospective mathematics teachers through a systematic literature review. The review covered 21 articles published between 2020 and 2025, sourced from nationally accredited Sinta-indexed journals and reputable international journals. The research employed the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, following the stages of data reduction, data display, and verification and interpretation based on the model by Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña (2014). The analysis revealed that the implementation of problem-based learning and inquiry-based learning strategies is effective in enhancing students’ abilities in analysis, evaluation, and creation. The use of authentic assessments such as projects and reflective rubrics proved to be more comprehensive in measuring higher-order thinking processes compared to conventional tests. Key challenges identified include limited lecturer training, lack of contextual teaching materials, and insufficient technological support. This study confirms the strategic potential of the Selected Topics in Mathematics course in fostering HOTS among prospective teachers and offers recommendations for strengthening the curriculum and developing HOTS-based assessments in higher education.

This study aims to analyze the errors made by eleventh-grade students of SMA Swasta Eria in solving word problems related to quadratic equations and quadratic function graphs using Newman’s error taxonomy. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method involving 25 students who were given essay-type tests to measure both conceptual understanding and problem-solving skills. Data were collected from students’ written answers and analyzed according to Newman’s stages, which include reading, comprehension, transformation, process skills, and encoding. The findings reveal that errors occurred across all stages, with transformation errors and encoding errors being the most dominant. These mistakes generally stemmed from students’ inability to extract key information into correct mathematical models, inaccuracies in arithmetic operations, and insufficient understanding of fundamental quadratic concepts and their graphical representations. The results highlight the importance of instructional approaches that emphasize conceptual understanding, varied practice problems, and proper mathematical notation. Regular application of Newman’s error analysis is expected to help teachers provide more targeted feedback and improve students’ problem-solving abilities.

This study aims to analyze the influence of service quality, café atmosphere, and trust on customer loyalty at Omah Petoeng Tulungagung. The research employed a quantitative approach with an associative design. The population consisted of customers who had made at least two purchases, with a sample of 112 respondents selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through a five-point Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS version 25. The results indicate that service quality, café atmosphere, and trust have a positive and significant effect, both partially and simultaneously, on customer loyalty. Among these variables, trust shows the most dominant influence on loyalty. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.540 indicates that 54% of customer loyalty variation is explained by the three independent variables. These findings highlight the importance of integrating quality service, pleasant café ambiance, and customer trust in fostering long-term loyalty. The study provides practical implications for local café managers to enhance competitiveness through trust-based service strategies and customer experience management.

Competition in the songkok (traditional cap) industry in Gresik Regency has become increasingly intense, especially for small enterprises such as UD. Arif Bersaudara, which face challenges in maintaining competitiveness amid changing market trends and consumer preferences. This study aims to analyze effective marketing strategies for UD. Arif Bersaudara by identifying internal and external factors and determining the most appropriate strategic priorities for business development. The research employs the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis to identify strategic factors and the QSPM (Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix) to determine the order of strategic priorities. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 92 respondents and analyzed quantitatively using weighting and attractiveness score calculations. The results show that the total IFE Matrix score is 4.80 and the EFE Matrix score is 4.772, placing UD. Arif Bersaudara in the “Grow and Build” strategic position. Based on the QSPM results, the main priority strategy is to leverage superior product quality, design variations, and size diversity to capture opportunities in digital and international markets, with the highest TAS value of 8.37. The study concludes that UD. Arif Bersaudara should focus its strategy on improving product quality and implementing digital marketing to strengthen competitiveness. The strength of this research lies in the application of the combined SWOT–QSPM methods, which provide measurable analytical results, while its limitation lies in the relatively small and region-specific number of respondents. Future research is recommended to expand respondent coverage and incorporate digital marketing–based analysis to make MSME marketing strategies more adaptive to technological developments.

The application of food hygiene and sanitation principles is an important aspect in ensuring the quality of nutritional services in hospitals. Low compliance of kitchen staff in maintaining hygiene is often caused by a lack of supervision, motivation, and limited supporting facilities. This study aims to determine the effect of education on compliance with the application of food hygiene and sanitation and its contributing factors in the Nutrition Installation of Hospital X through an internship activity conducted in July–October 2025. The research method used a quasi-experimental model with a one-group pretest-posttest and a mixed methods approach. The research subjects were seven kitchen staff, with two of them being interviewed in depth via voice recording. Data collection was carried out through initial observations, compliance checklists, and recorded interviews at the pretest and posttest stages. Educational interventions were carried out through counseling, routine briefings, and mentoring in the six-step handwashing practice according to WHO guidelines. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive quantitative and thematic qualitative methods. The results showed an increase in staff compliance after being given education, seen from changes in behavior in washing hands properly, using personal protective equipment, and maintaining cleanliness of the work area. Based on pretest interview results, low compliance was caused by a lack of supervision due to the lack of accreditation, infrequent monitoring, the misperception that visibly clean hands were safe enough, and limited water supply due to the shared drain with the hospital laundry. Following the educational intervention, posttest results showed improved compliance compared to baseline.

Hypertension is one of the most common diseases experienced by the community and poses a high risk of causing serious complications. Persistently elevated blood pressure can damage vital organs and increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks, strokes and kidney failure. The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of foot reflexology massage to reduce blood pressure in patients with hypertension. This research employed a case study approach involving two hypertensive patients at TK II Putri Hijau Hospital Medan. The Nursing care process included assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. The results showed a decrease in both systolic and diatolic blod pressure after the foot reflexology intervention. The first patient experienced a reduction in blood pressure from 145/90 mmHg to 130/82 mmHg, while the second patient’s blood pressure from 144/89 mmHg to 128/82 mmHg. The study cocludes that the implementation of foot reflexology massage is proven to be efeective in lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients. This therapy is recommended as a complementary intervention in nursing practice to assist in controlling hypertension.

Gingivitis is an oral health disease characterized by inflammation of the gingival tissue, which appears reddish. One of the ways to prevent and treat gingivitis is by using mouthwash. Herbal mouthwash made from lemongrass and torch ginger leaves is used to treat gingivitis. Lemongrass and torch ginger leaves are known to have antimicrobial activity against the bacteria that cause gingivitis. Public knowledge about the mouthwash made from lemongrass and torch ginger extract increased by 41%. This indicates an improvement in public understanding of the benefits of lemongrass and torch ginger extract mouthwash for preventing gingivitis and the economic value of the herbal mouthwash product. A gargle preparation is a formulation containing active substances that can prevent or kill bacteria that cause dental caries. Plants commonly used by the community to address this problem include lemongrass and torch ginger. Traditionally, lemongrass and torch ginger leaves have been used to treat dental diseases. The purpose of this community service activity was to provide training on the production of mouthwash made from lemongrass and torch ginger extract in Biru-biru Village, Deli Tua District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province. This community service program was divided into two activities: the first was education on oral and dental health, and the second was training on the preparation of lemongrass and torch ginger extract mouthwash. The results of this activity showed an increase in public knowledge about oral and dental health and the ability to produce herbal mouthwash made from lemongrass and torch ginger extract.

This community service program aims to enhance the creativity and economic independence of mosque youth through the implementation of the Business Challenge Program in Lingkungan VI, Tanah Enam Ratus Village, Medan Marelan District. The program was initiated in response to the limited entrepreneurial knowledge and skills among mosque youth, which hindered their ability to develop productive business initiatives. The implementation involved several stages: field observation, interviews, workshops, mentoring sessions, halal product-making practices, and marketing simulations. The results indicate a significant improvement in participants’ ability to design business models using the Business Model Canvas, produce halal products (such as fried tofu “tahu walik” and “es kuwut”), and market them directly to the community. Moreover, the program instilled Islamic business values, including honesty (ṣidq), trustworthiness (amānah), and diligence (ijtihād), as the foundation for ethical entrepreneurship. Overall, the Business Challenge Program effectively fostered creativity and self-reliance among mosque youth while strengthening the role of mosques as centers for community empowerment.

This study aims to analyze and implement the Village Community Empowerment Program through Sharia Financial Literacy and Introduction to Sharia Banking Products in Perkebunan Gunung Melayu Village. This program is motivated by the low level of formal financial literacy, particularly regarding Sharia banking, among the village community. The methods used are outreach and mentoring, focusing on two main pillars: instilling wise money management habits and introducing Sharia banking services. The results of the activities indicate an increase in community awareness of the importance of saving as a foundation for wise money management from an early age. Participants learn to manage expenses, distinguish between needs and wants, and prepare funds for the future, which are habits that form the basis for healthy and responsible financial behavior. In addition, the community is provided with a comprehensive understanding of the various financial services provided by Sharia banks, such as savings, deposits, checking accounts, ATM cards, and digital services. This understanding empowers the community to manage their money and conduct transactions safely and efficiently through a formal banking system that complies with Sharia principles. Overall, this program contributes significantly to increasing Sharia financial inclusion and literacy in Perkebunan Gunung Melayu Village.

The Community Service Program (KKN) is a form of student community service aimed at helping resolve social problems. This research focuses on publicizing the dangers of online gambling (judol), a global phenomenon that causes moral, economic, and social harm, by integrating it with Sharia principles in Perkebunan Gunung Melayu Village. The method used was Participatory Action Research (PAR) with a qualitative approach. The 13-day program involved initial observation, educational-participatory socialization interventions that emphasized the prohibition of Maisir and its relationship to Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah (Objectives of Sharia), and impact evaluation. The implementation results demonstrated high community enthusiasm and a significant increase in cognitive awareness and understanding of Sharia as a spiritual bulwark against online gambling practices. Furthermore, supporting activities such as mutual cooperation (gotong royong) successfully revitalized the spirit of collaboration and social participation. Despite time constraints and weather constraints, the entire KKN program successfully had a transformative impact, strengthening the community's religious and social values. This study recommends the need for continued monitoring and mentoring to ensure the sustainability of the awareness that has been formed.

The high number of hypertension cases is due to the still low level of hypertension control, specifically medication adherence. Treatment adherence is crucial for maintaining health and well-being in patients with hypertension. In contrast, non-adherence to medication leads to treatment failure. This study aims to determine the relationship between self-management and adherence to hypertension medication in the elderly. This research employed an analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. The study consisted of 49 elderly people with hypertension in Cot Cut Village, Kuta Baro, Aceh Besar. The sample was chosen using a total sampling technique. The MMAS-8 questionnaire was used to assess adherence to hypertension medication with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.860. The self-management questionnaire showed a Cronbach's alpha of 0.766. The research was conducted from April 8th to 14th, 2025. The data analysis used univariate and bivariate methods, using the chi-square test. The results showed that out of 49 respondents, 21 (42.9%) were less adherent to hypertension medication, and 29 (59.2%) had less adherence to self-management. The chi-square test indicated a p-value of 0.001, showing a relationship between self-management and adherence to hypertension medication among the elderly. This research suggests that hypertensive patients should be supervised to improve medication adherence and self-care management to maintain stable blood pressure.

The teenage period is a crucial phase in developing self-esteem and body image, which play a significant role in shaping adolescent character. Adolescent girls often face social pressures related to physical appearance, which impacts on self-perception. This study aims to determine the correlation between body image and students’ self-esteem.  The study was conducted at MTsS Lam Ujong, Krueng Barona Jaya District, Aceh Besar on May 05th, 2025. This study used a quantitative approach with an analytical descriptive design. The sample consisted of 53 students selected by using a total sampling technique. The instruments used were the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire (MBRSQ) with Cronbach Alpha 0.774 and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) with Cronbach Alpha 0,877. The univariate and bivariate data analysis using the Pearson Chi-Square test. The results showed that most respondents with negative body image had low self-esteem (94.1%), while respondents with positive body image showed variations in self-esteem. The Chi-Square test indicated a p-value of 0.001 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant correlation between body image and self-esteem. These findings indicate a significant correlation between body image and students’ self-esteem. This study suggests that schools and counselling teachers provide psychosocial education and mentoring to help students build a positive body image.

The Community Service Program (KKN) was implemented with the aim of fostering and enhancing the entrepreneurial spirit and skills of Junior High School (SMP) students through an Entrepreneurship Workshop at SMP PAB 23 Bandar Klippa. This program was designed using a practice-based participatory learning approach (learning by doing), which positions students as active subjects in all stages of the activity, from planning, production, to product marketing. A total of 39 seventh grade students were directly involved in this activity. Through this experiential learning process, students had the opportunity to develop creative thinking, teamwork, and problem-solving skills in a real-life setting. The evaluation results showed a significant increase in several entrepreneurial indicators, namely student self-confidence increased from 55% to 85%, communication skills from 60% to 88%, and interest in entrepreneurship from 50% to 83%. These findings prove that the practice-based learning method is effective in fostering an entrepreneurial mindset and independent character in students. Furthermore, this Community Service Program (KKN) activity demonstrates collaboration between universities and schools in implementing contextual and applicable entrepreneurship education. It also has the potential to be developed as a sustainable learning model to support the achievement of the Pancasila Student Profile, particularly in the dimensions of creativity, independence, and mutual cooperation.

This study aims to describe the entrepreneurship education process at SMP PAB 23 Bandar Klippa as a strategic step in developing a creative and independent young generation. The approach used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through observation and interviews with one principal, three teachers, and thirty-nine students. The research activities were carried out during the Real Work Lecture (KKN) program which lasted for ten days in September 2025. The main focus of the study was the Market Day activity designed as a learning tool for entrepreneurial practices in the school environment. The results showed that this activity was able to foster an entrepreneurial mindset, increase creativity, build collaborative skills, and foster students' confidence in planning and managing simple businesses. Thus, entrepreneurship education has been proven to play an important role in fostering independence, creativity, and readiness of students to face future economic challenges.  

This study aims to analyze toxic and narcissistic leadership in Christian educational institutions. The research method employed is a literature review with a content analysis approach. Data were collected through documentation studies of various academic books and relevant scholarly journals, then systematically analyzed to identify themes, patterns, and strategic insights. This literature review seeks to provide an in-depth understanding of toxic and narcissistic leadership phenomena, focusing on the influencing factors, their implications for organizations, and potential conflict resolution strategies. The findings reveal that toxic and narcissistic leadership has a negative impact on organizational health, particularly within Christian education, which should uphold the values of love, sacrifice, and service. Conversely, the implementation of conflict resolution based on Christian values can restore relationships, strengthen leadership integrity, and foster a healthy organizational culture. This study emphasizes the importance of transforming toxic and narcissistic leadership into leadership grounded in the values of Christ so that Christian educational institutions can remain consistent with their mission to educate, guide, and serve with love.

The global environmental crisis is increasingly alarming, with deforestation and resource exploitation severely impacting ecosystems and local communities. In Indonesia, Flores Island has become a strategic site for geothermal projects, including the planned drilling in Poco Leok, Manggarai, East Nusa Tenggara. This project has provoked strong resistance from local communities due to ecological threats such as deforestation, biodiversity loss, water pollution, and water scarcity, all of which exacerbate social vulnerability, particularly among women. This study employs a qualitative literature-based analysis using Taoist philosophy as an interpretive framework. The principles of Yin–Yang, Wu Wei, and Ziran are applied as reflective lenses to identify the root of the crisis: the imbalance in human–nature relations caused by exploitative and dominant development models. The findings demonstrate that economy-driven development undermines ecological harmony and local wisdom, thereby deepening social hardship. In contrast, Taoist philosophy offers an alternative paradigm that emphasizes balance, harmony, and respect for the natural order. Addressing the Poco Leok conflict therefore requires not only a reassessment of policy but also a paradigm shift in development toward ecological justice and inclusive, sustainable well-being.

This research, titled “Islamic Universalism and Local Islam,” aims to analyze the relationship between the universal values of Islam and the expressions of local Islam that develop within the cultural context of society. The main focus of this study is to understand how Islam, as a universal religion, interacts with local cultures without losing its core principles such as tawhid (monotheism), justice, equality, and rahmah (compassion). The research method used is library research with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through the analysis of academic literature, scholarly journal articles, and other relevant scientific works. The analysis technique employed is content analysis, used to examine the relationship between universal Islamic values and their manifestations in local religious traditions. The findings indicate that Islamic universalism and local Islam are not opposing concepts but rather complementary ones. Islamic universalism provides an inclusive ethical and spiritual foundation, while local Islam reflects the contextual application of Islamic teachings within specific cultural settings. The integration of both creates a form of religiosity that is moderate, adaptive, and harmonious, making it relevant to the pluralistic society of the modern era.

Waste management in Indonesia continues to face serious challenges, with waste generation reaching around 68 million tonnes per year, while the traditional landfill-based approach has become increasingly ineffective and unsustainable. This study aims to: (1) analyse the policy strategies of local government in implementing Integrated Waste Treatment Facilities (IWTFs) in Sidoarjo Regency; (2) identify the key success factors of the IWTF programme; (3) evaluate its impact on waste reduction and community participation; and (4) propose an effective governance model that can serve as best practice for other regions. Using a qualitative single case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with local government officials, IWTF managers, and community leaders, as well as field observations at five IWTF sites and a review of relevant policy documents. Thematic analysis was applied within the framework of policy implementation and collaborative governance theories. The results show that IWTF success in Sidoarjo was driven by four main factors: strong political commitment supported by adequate budget allocation, a collaborative partnership between government, community, and private sector, community empowerment through economic incentives via waste banks, and a structured monitoring–evaluation system. The IWTF programme has reduced landfill waste by 35%, increased public waste-sorting participation from 20% to 68%, and generated IDR 2.4 billion annually from recycling activities. Overall, Sidoarjo’s IWTF initiative demonstrates that sustainable waste management can be achieved through decentralized, participatory, and collaborative governance backed by consistent policy and institutional capacity.

The role of Darul Falah Islamic Boarding School's policy in instilling an attitude of tasamuh (tolerance) among students amidst the challenges of the digital era is the subject of this research. In addition to offering many conveniences, the digital era has also become a tool for spreading exclusive ideologies, hoaxes, and hatred that threaten tolerance. As an Islamic educational institution, Islamic boarding schools have a responsibility to protect their students. This research collected data through in-depth interviews with Islamic boarding school leaders, ustadz, and students, as well as observation activities and analysis of policy documents (qanun). A qualitative approach, case study method, was used. The results of the study show that Darul Falah Islamic Boarding School implements three levels of policy: (1) Curricular Policy that focuses on the study of moderate yellow books (fiqh muqaranah and tasawuf) as the theological basis of tasamuh; (2) Student Policy that encourages discussion and interaction (such as bahtsul masail) with strict sanctions for bullying; and (3) Digital Adaptive Policy that establishes strict regulations on the use of gadgets and the "Ngaji Cyber-Akhlaq" program.

Impaired emotion regulation and decreased quality of life are common, yet often untreated, sequelae of stroke. Conventional rehabilitation primarily targets physical and cognitive recovery, leaving affective disturbances unaddressed. This study examined the efficacy of a structured Buddhist meditation program—Mindful Resilience After Stroke (MRAS)—for improving emotion regulation and quality of life in stroke survivors. Forty-two ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke patients (3–18 months post-onset) were consecutively recruited and randomly allocated to an intervention group (n = 21) receiving an 8-week MRAS protocol (1 × 60 min/week) or a control group (n = 21) receiving standard care only. Emotion regulation was assessed with the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Short Form (DERS-SF) and quality of life with the Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale (SS-QOL). Between-group changes (Δ post-pre) were analyzed using independent t-tests or Mann–Whitney U tests (α = 0.05). The intervention group showed a significantly greater reduction in emotion-regulation difficulties than controls (ΔDERS-SF −18.4 ± 5.1 vs. −3.2 ± 4.3; p < 0.001; d = 1.62). Quality-of-life gains were also larger in the intervention group (ΔSS-QOL 35.7 ± 8.9 vs. 7.1 ± 6.5; p < 0.001; d = 1.89). The most improved sub-domains were emotional acceptance, emotional awareness, and impulse control (DERS-SF), as well as energy, mood, and social participation (SS-QOL). No intervention-related adverse events were reported. MRAS is an effective and safe adjunctive intervention to enhance emotion regulation and quality of life after stroke. Embedding mindfulness practices grounded in Buddhist tradition into stroke rehabilitation offers a holistic, culturally adaptable approach for neuropsychological services in Indonesia.