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Crimes of sexual intercourse committed by children are one type of crime that requires special attention, especially as the incidence of such crimes committed by children has been increasing year by year. The significant impact resulting from this crime should certainly be a matter of our collective concern. Therefore, this research aims to identify the factors underlying why children commit sexual offenses and the rehabilitation efforts undertaken by the Special Child Development Institution Class II Lombok Tengah for children who commit sexual offenses. This research is empirical in nature. Data in this research were obtained using observation methods, interviews, documentation, and literature study. The data were then analyzed using a sociological approach, a case study approach, and a legislative approach. The data was then presented using a descriptive qualitative method. The research results show that the factors causing children to commit sexual offenses are poor environmental factors, social media factors, and lack of parental supervision. Meanwhile, the efforts made by the Special Child Development Institution Class II Lombok Tengah for children who commit sexual offenses are personality development, including spiritual development, national and state awareness, reintegration, and intellectual development, and independence development, including horticulture, agriculture, basic welding techniques, and barbershop skills.

The notary profession in Indonesia is experiencing a critical transformation driven by technological advancements, changing legal landscapes, and the imperative of modernization. This research comprehensively examines the current regulatory framework governing notaries, analyzing the multifaceted challenges and potential opportunities for substantive reform in the contemporary legal ecosystem.The study employs a mixed-method approach, integrating qualitative legal analysis, comparative research, and empirical investigation to provide a holistic understanding of the notary profession's evolving role. Through in-depth examination of existing regulations, stakeholder interviews, and comparative international perspectives, the research identifies key systemic barriers and innovative pathways for professional development.Critical findings reveal significant challenges, including technological adaptation gaps, regulatory inflexibility, and inconsistent professional standards. The research highlights the urgent need for a dynamic regulatory approach that balances traditional legal principles with emerging digital authentication technologies. Key opportunities emerge in areas such as blockchain-based document verification, comprehensive digital skills training, and adaptive professional development frameworks.The study proposes a comprehensive reformation strategy encompassing technological infrastructure development, professional skills enhancement, and regulatory modernization. Recommendations include establishing dedicated innovation units, implementing mandatory technology training programs, and creating flexible regulatory mechanisms that can rapidly respond to technological and professional landscape changes. By providing a nuanced analysis of the notary profession's current state and future potential, this research contributes critical insights to the discourse on legal professional modernization in Indonesia. The findings underscore the essential role of strategic, forward-looking reforms in ensuring the continued relevance, effectiveness, and integrity of notarial services in the digital era.

Mortgage rights are one of the most common legal forms of collateral used in financing transactions in Indonesia. Parate execution is one of the important innovations in the mortgage rights system. This mechanism allows creditors to sell collateral objects directly without going through court proceedings. This research aims to analyze the legal regulations regarding the execution parate for collateral rights objects in positive law in Indonesia, the effectiveness of the implementation of the execution parate for collateral rights objects in legal practice in Indonesia. The research method uses normative research methods and secondary data. The legal arrangements for execution parate in positive law in Indonesia have been well designed to meet practical needs in debt settlement. The execution parate is one of the important mechanisms in the guarantee legal system in Indonesia, especially in the context of mortgage rights.  However, its implementation still faces challenges, especially in terms of protecting debtor rights and potential abuse by creditors.

Restorative Justice is an alternative dispute resolution outside of criminal penalties, in other words, it is resolved through familial means and also aims to repair the relationship between the perpetrator and the victim. Recently, the application of restorative justice has been found in the field, which has become the main basis for resolving criminal cases of rape committed by police officers by filing an appeal in the appellate court, so that the police officer who is the perpetrator of the rape, named Bripda Fauzan (FA), who was previously subjected to the sanction of dishonorable dismissal (PTDH) in the Police Ethics Code Commission session, was not dismissed on the grounds that the rape case was considered resolved after the perpetrator married the victim. However, some time after the appeal decision, the perpetrator was reported again for allegedly neglecting his wife, who is the victim of the rape he married, which will be further examined in this research regarding the cause of Bripda Fauzan (FA) leaving his wife. This study aims to provide a real view of the application of restorative justice as the main basis for resolving rape cases, the method used in this journal is a normative juridical research method with literature studies and looking at empirical facts in the field through news circulating on the Internet media regarding rape cases by police members who are considered to have been completed after marrying the victim. The settlement of rape cases carried out by police members with restorative justice has tarnished the credibility of police institutions that do not seem to understand the fatality of sexual violence cases with the application of restorative justice in cases that have a major impact.

This study examines the impact of Sri Mulyani’s inclusive leadership on human resource development (HRD) in the Indonesian Ministry of Finance, with a focus on gender equality policies and employee capacity-building programs. Using a literature review method, this research analyzes relevant studies on inclusive leadership and its application in the public sector. The findings indicate that Sri Mulyani’s inclusive leadership, which emphasizes openness, accessibility, and equality, has successfully increased women's participation in leadership positions and fostered a more collaborative work environment. The gender equality policies implemented have not only increased the number of women in strategic positions but also strengthened overall organizational performance. Additionally, capacity-building programsdesigned to enhance technical and managerial skills have proven effective in improving productivity and innovationwithin the Ministry of Finance. This study concludes that Sri Mulyani’s inclusive leadership can serve as a model for other public sector organizations, both in Indonesia and internationally, to promote gender equality and enhance organizational performance through inclusive HR development.

The rise of mass surveillance technologies has raised significant concerns regarding digital privacy and human rights. This paper explores the legal implications of government surveillance programs and their impact on fundamental rights, such as freedom of expression and the right to privacy. Through a comparative analysis of data protection laws in different jurisdictions, this study assesses the balance between national security and individual rights in the digital age.

International law plays a crucial role in addressing human rights violations during armed conflicts. This study examines the effectiveness of international legal frameworks, including the Geneva Conventions and the Rome Statute, in protecting civilians and prosecuting war crimes. By analyzing recent case studies from conflict zones, this research highlights the challenges of enforcing international law and suggests strategies for improving compliance among state and non-state actors.

The spread of hoaxes through voice manipulation technology, such as voice changers, has become a significant issue in Indonesia in recent years. This technology allows perpetrators to manipulate someone's voice, which is then used to spread false information that can damage an individual's reputation, influence public opinion, and create social unrest. This study aims to analyze the legal aspects related to the misuse of voice changers in the spread of hoaxes, identify the challenges faced in law enforcement, and provide policy recommendations to improve legal protection for hoax victims. The methodology used in this research is normative legal research, with a normative approach focusing on the analysis of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE) and the Personal Data Protection Law (UU PDP), as well as other relevant regulations. The results show that although Indonesia has a sufficient legal framework to address hoax cases involving voice changers, law enforcement still faces challenges in terms of identifying perpetrators, proving voice manipulation, and the lack of more specific regulations. Additionally, victims have the right to legal protection, including compensation and clarification of false information. This study recommends enhancing the capacity of law enforcement, strengthening regulations, and improving digital literacy among the public to address the challenges posed by this technology.

The use of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) in higher education in Indonesia offers great opportunities, but faces significant challenges related to copyright. The technology is capable of generating new content that supports more adaptive learning, but raises questions regarding the ownership of intellectual works, especially in the context of “fair use” and copyright protection. This research aims to examine the legal challenges in the integration of GenAI in Indonesian higher education learning as well as opportunities for its development. The method used is juridical-normative research, by analyzing secondary data from relevant regulations, books, and journals. The results show that the lack of clarity in copyright regulations in Indonesia can hinder the optimal utilization of GenAI. Nevertheless, this technology offers significant potential to improve the personalization of learning and the quality of higher education in Indonesia, provided that comprehensive and specific regulations are developed soon.

The practice of dentists in Indonesia is an important concern in the health care system, especially regarding consumer protection. Dentists often provide services that exceed the limits of their authority, potentially endangering public health. This article aims to analyze the urgency of legal protection for consumers of health services in dental practices based on a normative perspective and the implementation of applicable regulations. This research uses normative juridical methods with statutory, conceptual and case approaches. The research results show that even though there are regulations such as Law no. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and Minister of Health Regulation no. 39 of 2014, implementation is still less effective. This is caused by weak supervision, minimal public knowledge regarding consumer rights, and non-compliance by some dentists with regulations. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen regulations, increase supervision by the government, and educate the public to realize optimal legal protection for consumers of health services.

This research explores the role of digital technology and artificial intelligence (AI) in transforming Islamic family law practices, with a focus on efficiency, accessibility, and justice. This study aims to analyze how technology supports administrative processes, legal decision-making, and public literacy toward Islamic law. The method used is a multidisciplinary approach that integrates the perspectives of sharia law, technology, and ethics. The results show that digital technology improves efficiency through document digitization, online registration, and virtual hearings, while AI makes a significant contribution through big data analysis to understand family dispute patterns and offer algorithm-based recommendations. However, there are challenges related to algorithm bias, data security, and compliance with sharia values. The study emphasizes the importance of collaboration between scholars, technology experts, and legal practitioners to ensure the adoption of technology that is aligned with maqashid al-shariah, in order to create an adaptive and inclusive Islamic family legal system in the digital era.

This research aims to analyze the implementation of legal protection for citizenship rights of former transnational terrorist Indonesian citizens within Indonesia's legal system. Using normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches, this study examines secondary data from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results show that Indonesia's legal system has an adequate legal framework to protect the citizenship rights of former transnational terrorists, although its implementation faces various challenges. The deradicalization program and status verification mechanism implemented by the government have not been fully effective due to inter-institutional coordination constraints and community resistance. Additionally, the study identifies that citizenship status cannot be automatically revoked without proper legal process according to Law No. 12 of 2006 on Citizenship, as terrorist groups cannot be categorized as "foreign military" as specified in the law. This research contributes significantly to the development of returnee handling policies by balancing aspects of national security and human rights protection.

Adolescent mental health is an important issue in the world. In Indonesia, the prevalence of mental disorders in adolescents is still high, but awareness of prevention and treatment is relatively low. This research aims to analyze the influence of knowledge on behavior to prevent mental disorders in students at SMA Muhammadiyah 4 Yogyakarta. The research uses quantitative methods with a pre-test and post-test design without a control group (one group pre-test post-test design). Education is provided in the form of counseling, followed by measuring the level of knowledge and behavior before and after the intervention. Data analysis was carried out using the Wilcoxon test with SPSS software. The results showed a significant increase in post-test scores compared to pre-test (significant value = 0.011). Effective education increases students' awareness and preventive behavior towards mental disorders. Therefore, mental health education programs need to be implemented on an ongoing basis to create a mentally and emotionally healthy generation.

MSMEs are the business entities that contribute the most to employment in Indonesia. During the 1997 crisis, MSMEs were able to survive and become models in the case of economic crises. However, during the Covid-19 Pandemic, MSMEs are allegedly the most affected. The Indonesian government uses MSMEs to revive economic conditions that have been slumped during the Covid-19 Pandemic. In the midst of the boom, MSMEs in Indonesia, especially the invasion of imported products, need to find solutions in maintaining the sustainable performance of MSMEs. Innovation is needed by paying attention to open innovation and knowledge sharing so that MSMEs can rise again. This research is located in Surakarta, Indonesia with a saturated sample format of 50 Batik MSMEs. Data was obtained from Surakarta Batik MSMEs in the period of October to November 2024. Perseption measuarement in sustainable innovation peroformance, open innovation and knowledge sharing variable.  The analysis tool uses path analysis equipped with t-test, F-test, determination coefficient, correlation test and Sobel test. The sobel test is used to determine the role of variable intervening. Before the analysis, the data is tested using data quality testing (validity and reliability). The findings shown that open innovation significant positive on knowledge sharing. Open  innovation and knowledge sharing have a significant positive effect on sustainability innovation performance. Direct effect, more effective in improving the sustainable innovation performance.  Another finding shows that although open innovation is directly more effective in influencing the sustainable innovation performance. Sobel test, show that knowledge sharing is more emphasized as an intervention although the influence is effective if it is carried out by choosing direct effect. The results of this study contribute to sustainable innovation performance in MSMEs Batik.

This study examines the impact of green talent management practices on HR performance quality in eco-friendly hotels in Central Java, Indonesia, using a phenomenological approach. Through in-depth interviews with 24 participants across six star-rated hotels, direct observation, document analysis, and focus group discussions, the research explores how green HRM practices influence employee performance and career development opportunities for young talent. The findings reveal that eco-friendly hotels have implemented various green talent management practices including environmentally-conscious recruitment, sustainability training, green performance management, and employee involvement in environmental initiatives. These practices positively impact multiple dimensions of employee performance: task performance through improved resource efficiency; contextual performance through enhanced teamwork; adaptive performance through increased innovation capability; and environmental performance through strengthened pro-environmental behaviors. The effectiveness of these practices is influenced by top management commitment, integration with business strategy, training quality, organizational culture, and resource availability. Young employees perceive involvement in green initiatives as valuable for developing leadership skills, expanding professional networks, and enhancing market competitiveness, although they identify the need for clearer sustainability-focused career paths. The study contributes to GHRM and talent management literature by explicating the mechanisms linking green talent management with performance outcomes in the hospitality industry context, while providing practical implications for hotel managers seeking to enhance both environmental sustainability and human resource performance. The research underscores the importance of a holistic approach to green talent management that aligns environmental priorities with employee development and organizational strategy.

This study explores the discourse surrounding the Agus Salim donation controversy, focusing on how media narratives and legal rhetoric shape public perception. Drawing on two primary sources—articles from Brilio.net and KapanLagi.com—the research employs critical discourse analysis to examine the framing of key events, including allegations of donation mismanagement, legal strategies, and the public's reaction to the case. The findings reveal how media outlets construct competing narratives, emphasizing the roles of public figures, lawyers, and victims in influencing the discourse. By analyzing language use, power dynamics, and ideological positioning, this study highlights the interplay between legal rhetoric and public opinion in cases of social and moral significance. The research contributes to understanding how controversies are framed in digital media and their implications for justice and accountability in contemporary society.

The spread of hoaxes through voice manipulation technology, such as voice changers, has become a significant issue in Indonesia in recent years. This technology allows perpetrators to manipulate someone's voice, which is then used to spread false information that can damage an individual's reputation, influence public opinion, and create social unrest. This study aims to analyze the legal aspects related to the misuse of voice changers in the spread of hoaxes, identify the challenges faced in law enforcement, and provide policy recommendations to improve legal protection for hoax victims. The methodology used in this research is normative legal research, with a normative approach focusing on the analysis of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE) and the Personal Data Protection Law (UU PDP), as well as other relevant regulations. The results show that although Indonesia has a sufficient legal framework to address hoax cases involving voice changers, law enforcement still faces challenges in terms of identifying perpetrators, proving voice manipulation, and the lack of more specific regulations. Additionally, victims have the right to legal protection, including compensation and clarification of false information. This study recommends enhancing the capacity of law enforcement, strengthening regulations, and improving digital literacy among the public to address the challenges posed by this technology.

Structural transformation is an important process in the economic development of a country. In Indonesia, the plan to move the National Capital City (IKN) from Jakarta to Nusantara in East Kalimantan is one of the strategic steps in accelerating structural transformationThe methodology used in this study is a qualitative and quantitative approach. The results of the study show that the acceleration of structural transformation through the development of IKN has a significant impact on the formation of a new economic base and increasing Indonesia's competitiveness. The formation of a new economic base in IKN can be seen from the emergence of technology and innovation-based industrial clusters. The impact on national competitiveness can be seen from the increase in productivity and innovation capacityThe analysis of the acceleration of structural transformation through the development of the IKN shows a fundamental change in Indonesia's economic base. The development of IKN as a smart forest city accelerates structural transformation through three main mechanisms. The impact on the formation of a new economic base can be seen from the shift in the economic structure in the IKN area and its surroundings. Structural transformation is also reflected in changes in the composition of the workforce and investment patterns. The impact analysis on Indonesia's competitiveness shows a significant increase in several dimensions

The Christian Religious Education teacher plays a strategic role in shaping students' understanding of the importance of living in harmony and peace, despite different backgrounds. However, in practice, not all Christian Religious Education teachers are able to effectively integrate teachings about unity and solidarity. The role of Christian Religious Education  teachers in fostering a sense of national unity among Junior High School Tanah Sereal-Bogor students is crucial, especially in the context of Indonesia's diversity. This study aims to examine the strategic role of Christian Religious Education teachers based on guidelines derived from Romans 15:5-7. The research will use a qualitative approach, exploring the role of Christian Religious Education  teachers in fostering a sense of national unity among Junior High School Tanah Sereal-Bogor  students based on the teachings of Romans 15:5-7. The results show that the implementation of teachings from Romans 15:5-7 in the Christian Religious Education curriculum can have a significant impact on shaping students' characters to have attitudes of national unity and solidarity. Thus, Christian Religious Education teachers act as agents of change who can strengthen the sense of national unity through education based on Christian values.

Character is important in human life. Character building must begin at an early age. The church must also realize this, because the church has an important role in shaping character, especially the character of Christ in children. Through the teaching of Sunday school teachers, the church can take part in the formation of children's character at an early age. The role of a Sunday school teacher is quite large for the character building of Sunday school children. Therefore, Sunday school teachers must know the importance of childhood, the role of Sunday school teachers in the formation of children's character, the process of character formation, influencing factors in character formation and shaping children's character according to the stages of child development. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which the role of Sunday school teachers in GBIS Salatiga on the character building of Sunday school children in GBIS Salatiga. This research was conducted using qualitative method and data collection was done through interviews. The results of the research were then reviewed in detail and critically using theoretical studies so that it is known to what extent the role of Sunday school teachers regarding the character building of Sunday school children in GBIS Salatiga.