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The management of educational facilities and infrastructure is a process of organizing all facilities to ensure that the educational process in an educational institution can take place effectively and efficiently. The purpose of this study is to determine the management of facilities and infrastructure used to support the learning process in the Geography subject at SMAN 2 Tanjung Morawa. This research uses a qualitative approach. The population and sample in this study are the Head of Facilities and Infrastructure and the Geography teachers at SMAN 2 Tanjung Morawa. Data in this study were collected through interviews, documentation, and literature review. Subsequently, the data were analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that the management of facilities and infrastructure at SMAN 2 Tanjung Morawa is still suboptimal in terms of planning, procurement, utilization, management, and evaluation systems, resulting in the geography learning process at this high school still relying on lecture methods and manually visualizing geography lessons using a blackboard.

Penelitian ini membahas tentang hadis nabi sebagai landasan pendidikan kewirausahaan Islam, hal ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hadis-hadis nabi Muhammad Shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam yang memberikan landasan yang kuat dalam membentuk karakter wirausahawan muslim yang berakhlak. model metode penelitian ini ialah penelitian kepustakaan. Kajian yang digunakan ialah metode kualitatif. Studi ini mengungkapkan habwa proses menjadikan hadis sebagai rujukan, pendidikan kewirausahaan tidak hanya akan mencetak pelaku usaha yang sukses secara ekonomi, tetapi juga berkontribusi pada pembangunan masyarakat yang beretika dan berkewajiban secara sosial. Penelitian ini menyarankan pentingnya integrasi hadis dalam kurikulum kewirausahaan di lembaga pendidikan Islam sebagai upaya membentuk wirausahawan Muslim yang berakhlak dan berdaya saing.

Riset ini dilakukan guna mengkaji secara komprehensif kinerja Koperasi Simpan Pinjam dan Pembiayaan Syariah (KSPPS) BMT El-Mentari yang beroperasi di Purwokerto, dengan menggunakan pendekatan Malcolm Baldrige Criteria for Performance Excellence (MBCFPE). Analisis dilakukan berdasarkan tujuh indikator inti, yaitu kepemimpinan, perencanaan strategis, orientasi pada pelanggan, sistem pengukuran dan manajemen pengetahuan, orientasi pada tenaga kerja, pengelolaan proses, serta capaian kinerja organisasi. Riset ini menerapkan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, dengan pendekatan observasional dalam mengumpulkan data, interview terstruktur, dan telaah dokumen. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa KSPPS BMT El-Mentari meraih skor keseluruhan sebesar 627,84, yang dikategorikan dalam kelompok “Pemimpin Industri Berkembang”. Dimensi dengan pencapaian tertinggi terdapat pada aspek fokus tenaga kerja (74,2%), sedangkan dimensi hasil bisnis diidentifikasi sebagai aspek yang memerlukan penguatan lebih lanjut. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa meskipun koperasi telah menunjukkan kemajuan signifikan dalam praktik manajerialnya, masih terdapat ruang perbaikan untuk mencapai standar kinerja bertaraf global. Penelitian ini menyumbangkan pemahaman yang mendalam terhadap perkembangan praktik manajemen strategis pada koperasi syariah dan dapat dijadikan acuan bagi proses evaluasi berkelanjutan oleh pengelola koperasi.

Pemerintah merencanakan pemindahan ibu kota negara (IKN) ke Kalimantan Timur, yang telah disepakati oleh DPR RI pada awal 2022. Meskipun terdapat lebih dari enam pertimbangan utama, alasan ini belum cukup untuk menggerakkan IKN dari DKI Jakarta ke Kalimantan Timur. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi kebijakan publik terkait pemindahan IKN menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, menganalisis substansi dan implementasi kebijakan, serta meneliti tanggapan para pemangku kepentingan. Proses ini menyoroti pro dan kontra dalam persiapan, pembiayaan, dan dampak ekonomi serta sosial-ekologis dari pemindahan ini, sambil membandingkannya dengan pengalaman negara lain. Penelitian ini mengelompokkan faktor pendorong dan penghambat dalam pemindahan IKN, yang memiliki potensi strategis untuk transformasi ekonomi namun harus mempertimbangkan aspek sosiologis dan geografis. Media sosial, khususnya Twitter, berperan penting dalam membentuk opini publik mengenai perencanaan pemindahan IKN. Penelitian yang dilakukan dari Maret hingga Mei 2022 ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan studi pustaka dan analisis data melalui aplikasi Nvivo 12 Plus, menemukan bahwa teori agenda setting mempengaruhi opini publik di Twitter terkait pemindahan IKN.

Bankruptcy regulations in Indonesia, particularly in Law No. 37 of 2004 on Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations, are often contentious due to the absence of strict limitations on the filing of bankruptcy petitions. This has the potential to ensnare debtors who are still financially solvent, overriding the principle that bankruptcy should be the last resort in debt settlement.  Law Number 37 Year 2004 on Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations only requires the existence of two creditors with debts that are due and collectible through simple proof. This study aims to analyze in depth the legal arrangements and determination of insolvency in Law Number 37 of 2004. By using a normative juridical research method, as well as a statute approach that focuses on Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations and other related regulations, secondary data will be collected through literature studies. Insolvency is defined as a condition where the debtor's total debt to all creditors exceeds the value of all its assets, otherwise known as a state of inability to pay. In Law No. 37 of 2004 on Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations, the term "insolvency" differs from commonly used terms, such as balance sheet insolvency, which means debts exceeding assets, or cash flow insolvency, which means the inability to pay debts due to liquidity.  Unlike the practice in the common law system, the determination of insolvency in Indonesia does not involve mandatory financial audits or court decisions based on independent financial analysis.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi peran sumber daya dalam proses pengambilan keputusan ekonomi manajerial, khususnya pada sektor Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM). Dalam menghadapi dinamika pasar dan keterbatasan sumber daya, UMKM dituntut untuk melakukan evaluasi yang tepat agar keputusan manajerial yang diambil dapat meningkatkan efisiensi dan keberlanjutan usaha. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik studi pustaka dan wawancara mendalam terhadap pelaku UMKM untuk menganalisis bagaimana sumber daya baik finansial, manusia, maupun material dimanfaatkan dalam proses pengambilan keputusan strategis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman dan evaluasi sumber daya yang akurat berkontribusi signifikan terhadap kualitas keputusan ekonomi manajerial, serta mampu meningkatkan daya saing UMKM di tengah persaingan yang semakin ketat.

Bilingualism of Junior High School Children and Its Implications for Indonesian Language Learning. This research seeks to explore how much interaction takes place between a child’s native language and their second language in junior high school students. The phenomenon of using multiple languages (bilingualism) is observed not just in informal settings, but it also extends into formal environments. This practice leads to children experiencing difficulties in differentiating between languages.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi dan efektivitas penggunaan HPAI Sales Integrated Sistem (HSIS) dalam pencatatan transaksi sederhana pada Business Center (BC) Halalmart HNI Sidoarjo 2. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus, mengumpulkan data melalui observasi langsung, wawancara semi-terstruktur dengan pengelola dan staf, serta analisis dokumen terkait penggunaan HSIS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi HSIS memberikan dampak positif signifikan dalam meningkatkan efisiensi operasional, akurasi data, dan transparansi proses bisnis. Sistem ini terbukti user-friendly dan mudah diadaptasi oleh pengguna, dengan fitur-fitur terintegrasi yang mencakup pencatatan transaksi, manajemen inventaris, dan pelaporan real-time. HSIS berhasil mengotomatisasi proses pencatatan transaksi, mengurangi human error, dan memberikan dukungan yang kuat untuk pengambilan keputusan manajemen melalui fitur analytics dan reporting. Namun, penelitian juga mengidentifikasi beberapa tantangan, terutama ketergantungan tinggi pada konektivitas internet, kebutuhan pelatihan pengguna untuk fitur-fitur advance, dan perlunya adaptasi proses bisnis dari sistem manual ke digital. Kesimpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa HSIS efektif meningkatkan efisiensi waktu operasional dan kepuasan pelanggan, namun memerlukan langkah mitigasi untuk mengatasi tantangan teknis guna memastikan kontinuitas operasional yang optimal.

Kemajuan sarana informasi banyak menguntungkan masyarakat untuk belajar apapun yang diminati dengan mudah, sehingga peluang untuk membuat sendiri kebutuhannya/ do it yourself (DIY) sangat besar, termasuk pembuatan sabun. Pembuatan Sabun Cair Olive Oil Eco Enzyme dari bahan-bahan alami yaitu olive oil pomace, coconut oil dan eco enzyme, dan bahan-bahan lainnya, yang terpadu dan mempunyai banyak manfaat untuk kesehatan kulit. sehingga Sabun Cair Olive Oil Eco Enzyme ini enak untuk digunakan. Proses pembuatan lengkap diupload di youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xZtl509cEBM dengan tujuan agar dapat menjadi media pembelajaran bagi masayarakat.  Pelaksanaan Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat pada Selasa, 20 Mei 2025. Hasil testimoni dari rekan-rekan yang menggunakan Sabun Cair Olive Oil Eco Enzyme antara lain: kulit menjadi lembut, kulit yang kering bisa terasa lembab, dan di kulit enak sehingga tidak perlu memakai hand body lagi. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat terkait turunan yang menggunakan bahan eco enzymDIYe ini, perlu dikembangkan dan dilatihkan kepada masyarakat, karena manfaatnya yang banyak terutama untuk Kesehatan, disamping itu juga dapat meningkatkan kreatifitas masyarakat.

The manufacturing industry continues to develop quality to improve productivity and business sustainability. One method commonly used in metal surface treatment is the anodizing process. One of these industries is the electroplating industry which uses chemicals as aluminum dyes that damage the environment. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of using natural dyes turmeric, dragon fruit, and pandan leaves as coloring materials in the anodizing process of bicycle components on their hardness. The specimen used in this study is 1100 aluminum. The results showed that the highest hardness value using dragon fruit natural dye was 204.775 VHN.

This community service programme aims to improve teachers' understanding and skills in managing interactive learning media to increase student engagement in the learning process at SMAN 17 Lamuru, Bone Regency. Based on the results of the need assessment and situation analysis, it was found that the partners experienced several problems, including the lack of teacher understanding of information technology, the low ability of teachers to implement online learning, and the lack of knowledge about interactive learning media. This activity was attended by 25 participants and was carried out using various methods, such as lectures, questions and answers, discussions, brainstorming, demonstrations, and direct practice of online-based interactive learning media management. The materials provided were arranged in accordance with the objectives of the mentoring, and supported by instruments such as mentoring modules, observation sheets, participant satisfaction questionnaires, activity documentation, and other technical equipment. The main target of this programme is intangible, namely the realisation of mentoring participants who are able to understand the concept and create electronic modules for interactive learning.

Notaris sebagai pejabat publik memiliki wewenang membuat akta otentik sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 yang mengubah UU Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 tentang Jabatan Notaris. Akta otentik tersebut memiliki kekuatan pembuktian sempurna. Dalam menjalankan tugasnya, notaris kerap menghadapi masalah hukum, termasuk terlibat dalam perkara pidana sebagai saksi maupun tersangka. Oleh karena itu, perlindungan hukum terhadap notaris sebagai pejabat publik yang menjalankan tugas berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan sangat diperlukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk perlindungan hukum pidana yang dapat diberikan kepada notaris dalam menjalankan kewenangannya serta memahami prosedur penggunaan hak tolak (recht van weigering) dalam proses hukum pidana. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan normatif dengan studi kepustakaan terhadap regulasi terkait seperti UU Notaris dan KUHAP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan hukum pidana terhadap notaris dapat dilakukan melalui mekanisme sesuai peraturan yang berlaku. Perlindungan ini terbagi dalam tiga aspek utama, yakni perlindungan preventif, represif, dan rehabilitatif. Selain itu, hak tolak merupakan instrumen penting yang melekat pada posisi notaris sebagai bentuk perlindungan terhadap kerahasiaan jabatan. Penggunaan hak tolak dalam proses pidana harus melalui prosedur tertentu yang melibatkan Dewan Kehormatan Notaris sesuai dengan Pasal 66 UU Notaris dan aturan pelaksanaannya. Dengan adanya perlindungan hukum yang jelas serta prosedur penggunaan hak tolak yang tepat, notaris diharapkan dapat menjalankan tugasnya dengan aman, profesional, serta menjaga integritas dan kerahasiaan dalam pelayanan hukum kepada masyarakat.

The implementation of police discretion in the process of investigating criminal defamation cases shows that discretion is an important instrument for police officers in assessing, determining, and following up on a criminal report based on urgency, public interest, and the principles of proportionality and professionalism. In cases of defamation, which are often subjective and private, discretion allows investigators to consider various factors such as motive, impact, and the possibility of resolution outside the criminal path. Factors Affecting the Implementation of Police Discretion in the Process of Investigating Criminal Defamation Cases show that discretion is not carried out absolutely, but is influenced by various internal and external factors, namely: Legal and Regulatory Aspects, Case Characteristics, Professionalism and Ethics of Investigators, Social and Environmental Pressure, Facilities and Resources. Police Discretion should be regulated more clearly in positive law other than Law Number 2 of 2002 and the Criminal Procedure Code so that the principles of Legal Certainty and Respect for Human Rights are more apparent. Police offices need to provide special facilities such as mediation rooms that are neutral, comfortable, and support the creation of a dialogical atmosphere between the disputing parties. Increasing the number of investigators and managing a more balanced workload will provide space for investigators to consider the discretionary path more seriously without sacrificing work efficiency. The Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for discretion at the Polres level needs to be adjusted to local socio-cultural characteristics. In Gorontalo, for example, a legal approach that is sensitive to family values and customs must be officially accommodated in work procedures.

Abstract Beam Stacking is an educational game tool that facilitates playing while learning. So this game makes it easier for children in the learning process. Analysis of biomechanical ergonomics and work psychology on building block educational game tools includes selecting the size and shape of blocks that are suitable for children, not dangerous for children, and playing methods that are able to improve children's fine motor skills, with narrative qualitative research, based on the results of observations of educational game tools. Beam Stacking; played by BKB PAUD An-Nur children. The body movements produced in playing with building blocks are dynamic movements, in the playing environment sitting on the floor with a mat and statistical movements, in the playing environment sitting in a chair with the game tools on the table. Where the moving fingers, wrists, hands, head and back can train the movement skills of both hands, hand-eye coordination, and improve children's physical and mental performance in learning activities at BKB PAUD An-Nur. Supervision and in-depth direction from the teacher when children play is the prevention of injuries when playing with Beam Stacking. Keywords: Beam Stacking, Biomechanics, Ergonomics, Work Psychology Abstrak Balok Susun adalah salah satu alat permainan edukatif yang memfasilitasi bermain sambil belajar.. Sehingga permainan ini memberi kemudahan kepada anak dalam proses pembelajaran. Analisis ergonomi biomekanik dan psikologi kerja pada alat permainan edukatif balok susun meliputi pemilihan ukuran dan bentuk balok yang sesuai untuk anak, tidak berbahaya bagi anak, dan metode bermain yang mampu meningkatkan kemampuan motrik halus anak, dengan penelitian kualitatif naratif, didasari hasil observasi alat permainan edukatif balok susun yang dimainkan oleh anak-anak BKB PAUD An- Nur. Gerak tubuh yang dihasilkan dalam bermain balok susun adalah gerak dinamis, pada lingkungan bermain duduk dilantai dengan alas tikar dan gerak statis, pada lingkungan bermain duduk dikursi dengan alat permainan diatas meja. Dimana jari-jari tangan, pergelangan tangan, tangan, kepala, dan punggung, yang bergerak dapat melatih keterampilan gerak kedua tangan, koordinasi indera mata dengan tangan, dan meningkatkan kinerja fisik dan mental anak dalam aktivitas pembelajaran di BKB PAUD An-Nur. Pengawasan serta pengarahan yang mendalam dari guru saat anak bermain, merupakan pencegahan cidera permainan balok susun. Kata Kunci : Balok Susun, Biomekanik, Ergonomi, Psikologi Kerja

The scope of pretrial authority is regulated under Article 77 of the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), with an extension of authority introduced through the Constitutional Court Decision Number 21/PUU-XII/2014. The evidentiary process in pretrial proceedings is governed by Article 2 paragraphs (2) and (4) of the Supreme Court Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 4 of 2016 concerning the Prohibition of Judicial Review of Pretrial Decisions. However, in practice, petitions for pretrial often address matters beyond this prescribed authority. Moreover, there remains a disparity in judicial reasoning across different judges, particularly with respect to the evaluation of evidence in the determination of a suspect.The legal issues examined in this study are: (1) whether the expansion of the pretrial authority’s scope has led to multiple interpretations among law enforcement officers, and (2) how the evidentiary process in pretrial proceedings aligns with the principle of legal certainty. This thesis employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The findings of this thesis reveal that the expansion of pretrial authority has indeed created multiple interpretations among law enforcement officials, owing to inconsistencies in pretrial decisions that result from judicial discretion. Furthermore, the evidentiary process in pretrial proceedings ought to be limited to the formal aspects of investigative or prosecutorial actions. Nevertheless, certain pretrial rulings have considered the substance and quality of evidence, and even assessed the conduct of the suspect. Such practices undermine legal certainty for justice seekers. Therefore, the Supreme Court should issue more concrete regulations concerning the scope of pretrial and the evidentiary standards applicable in pretrial proceedings.

This study aims to evaluate production waste at PT XYZ, a food manufacturing company in Bandung, Indonesia, which experiences inefficiencies caused by overproduction and product defects. A descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach was used, employing data from production reports, field observations, and interviews. The analysis was conducted using the 7 Waste framework, the 5S workplace organization method, and the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) cycle. The findings show that the main types of waste at PT XYZ are overproduction and defects, which are caused by inaccurate demand forecasting, ineffective layout, and inconsistent quality control. By implementing 5S and PDCA, the company successfully reduced waste, improved workspace organization, and increased process efficiency. This study provides practical insights for manufacturing companies seeking to implement lean strategies for continuous improvement.

Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi peran manajemen risiko digital dalam meningkatkan keamanan siber Industri 4.0. Adopsi teknologi canggih seperti IoT, sistem siber-physical, dan AI berbanding lurus dengan meningkatnya risiko keamanan siber baru, sehingga perlu pendekatan manajemen risiko yang kuat. Tinjauan ini mensintesis penelitian terbaru (2020–2024) dari sumber Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, Scopus, dan ACM Digital Library. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah identifikasi strategi utama dalam mitigasi risiko siber, seperti kerangka kerja penilaian risiko yang komprehensif, pemantauan ancaman secara real-time, dan kebijakan keamanan yang adaptif. Studi literatur menekankan pentingnya mengintegrasikan langkah-langkah keamanan siber dalam proses transformasi digital untuk melindungi sistem manufaktur dan infrastruktur kritis. Upaya kolaboratif antara pemangku kepentingan industri, penyedia teknologi, dan regulator sangat penting untuk membangun ekosistem industri yang tangguh dan aman. Hasil studi literatur menunjukkan bahwa manajemen risiko digital yang efektif sangat penting untuk menjaga keberlanjutan dan keamanan data sensitif di era Industri 4.0, serta menghadapi ancaman siber yang terus berkembang.

The humanistic approach in social studies learning emphasizes holistic student development, including cognitive, emotional and social aspects. This article aims to examine the application of this approach in social studies learning as well as its benefits and challenges. The method used is a literature study by analyzing various relevant academic sources. The results show that the humanistic approach is able to increase learning motivation, student engagement, and critical thinking skills, helping students understand social issues more deeply and fostering empathy. The teacher acts as a facilitator who creates a learning environment that supports students' exploration and freedom of thought. However, the implementation of this approach faces several challenges, such as limited teacher understanding, limited time in the curriculum, and difficulties in evaluating learning outcomes that are more oriented towards affective and social aspects. Therefore, effective implementation strategies are needed, such as teacher training, project-based learning approaches and integration of humanistic values in the curriculum. With the right strategy, this approach can create a more meaningful and relevant learning experience for students and help them develop independent, critical and caring characters for their social environment

Bioethanol can basically be made with basic ingredients in the form of vegetables which contain high starch and carbohydrates such as taro tubers (Colocasia esculenta [L] Schott). The choice of taro in making ethanol is because taro is classified as a tuber like cassava which has 66.8% starch content and 7.2% water content. The process of making glucose is done through acid hydrolysis (HCl) with variations in acid concentration (12, 14, 16, 18, and 20%) and hydrolysis time (1.5; 2; and 2.5 hours). From the analysis, it can be seen that the result of hydrolysis is liquid sugar (glucose) with the highest level of 27.8%brix.

. PT. XY is a company engaged in the printing sector, especially in the security products sector, which is required to process its wastewater so that it can meet the required wastewater quality standards, especially in the processing of domestic waste originating from human waste and other consumption waste such as washing water, rinsing and so on. A Sewage Treatment Plant is a domestic liquid waste processing installation to process residual domestic liquid waste so that it becomes clear and is no longer harmful to the environment. The problem that arises is one of the measurement parameters in the wastewater quality standard, namely total coliform (coliform bacteria), which has not met the requirements for several months. This study aims to process domestic waste in the sewage treatment plant process with the six-sigma method to achieve results according to the requirements of the liquid waste quality standard. It is safe to be discharged into water bodies. The results of this study from 6 parameters 5 parameters meet the wastewater quality standards, namely: pH, Total Suspended Solids / TSS, Biochemical Oxygen Demand5 / BOD5, Chemical Oxygen Demand / COD, Oil and fat, while the average level of Total Coliform in a year is 6,448 MPN / 100 ml, not yet meeting the wastewater quality standards of 3,000 MPN / 100 ml. The results of the six-sigma calculation found a result of 1.5 Sigma (σ) where the process is in the non-competitive category