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This study aims to explore the ethnomathematics concepts embedded in the traditional musical instrument Gordang Sambilan from Mandailing culture and how these concepts can be integrated into mathematics education. Gordang Sambilan, which consists of nine drums of varying sizes, serves not only as a cultural symbol but also as a rich source of mathematical elements, including arithmetic sequences in drum sizes and geometric shapes such as cylinders and truncated cones. This research employs a literature study method to collect and analyze data from various relevant references. The results reveal that Gordang Sambilan offers contextual learning opportunities through geometric analysis, such as circumference, surface area, and volume of cylinders. Integrating Gordang Sambilan into mathematics learning not only helps students grasp mathematical concepts more concretely but also strengthens their appreciation of local culture. Hence, leveraging ethnomathematics from Gordang Sambilan can serve as an innovative strategy in mathematics education while preserving cultural heritage amidst globalization.

The research was conducted by providing training and enhancing the understanding of mathematical concepts among the fifth-grade students of SDN 2 Kembiritan. The goal is to improve the students' understanding of mathematical concepts. The methods used in this activity are direct practical methods and lecture methods. The instruments used were pre-tests and post-tests. Based on the service, it can be concluded that the use of the Fractional Clock media has proven to be able to improve the learning outcomes of fifth-grade students at SDN 2 Kembiritan, as evidenced by the learning outcomes after the use of the learning media meeting the established criteria, with 70% of students achieving scores above the Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM).

The focus of this study is the transformation of English and Mathematics education at the State Islamic Institute (IAIN) Takengon. Higher education at IAIN Takengon faces challenges in increasing student interest, especially in English and Mathematics study programs. Students believe that mathematics and English skills are not important for career success. This is a common problem in many universities in Indonesia. By focusing on the analysis of high school needs, this study attempts to address the problem. The results of the analysis indicate that IAIN Takengon programs can be tailored to meet the specific needs of English and Mathematics students. As part of the solution, IAIN Takengon students engage directly with high school students and gain hands-on experience in mentoring and teaching. To determine the needs of high schools, an analysis of the study program curriculum, interviews with teachers and students, and observations were conducted. The results of the study indicate that the English and Mathematics curriculum needs to be improved specifically, and the program should be more related to students' real lives. Case studies and qualitative methods are considered effective in collecting contextual data and providing in-depth insights into the state of education at IAIN Takengon. Other practical recommendations include curriculum adjustments, creating learning materials that are more in line with industry needs, and training teachers to implement innovative teaching methods.

This study aims to analyze the effect of the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach on the mathematical problem-solving abilities of elementary school students. RME is a learning approach that connects mathematical concepts with real situations that students can find in everyday life. The research method used is qualitative research by reviewing the results of previous studies that are relevant in the context of mathematics learning in elementary schools. Based on the analysis of various studies, the results of the study indicate that the application of RME can improve students' mathematical problem-solving abilities. This is evident in various materials such as geometry (circumference and area of ​​trapezoids and kites), mixed arithmetic operations, and equivalent fractions. RME also plays a role in increasing students' self-esteem and self-efficacy in learning mathematics, which in turn strengthens their motivation and performance. In addition, the learning media used in RME, such as geoboards, can enrich students' learning experiences and facilitate understanding of mathematical concepts in a more concrete way. This study provides an overview that RME not only improves students' cognitive abilities, but also supports their emotional and social development in the context of mathematics learning.

Learning mathematics in the technological era presents new challenges. The learning process has undergone a transformation towards digitalization. One form of innovation is the utilization of technological media such as Google Sites to assist students in learning mathematics. This research discusses the transformation of developing interactive teaching materials in learning mathematics for grade 5 elementary school students through the Google Sites platform. As a learning tool, Google Sites allows teachers to design more interesting and interactive teaching materials with the integration of text, images, videos, and animations. This research uses the literature study method to explore the potential of technology-based media in improving the quality of mathematics learning. The results of the study show that the use of Google Sites can improve students' understanding of the material, learning outcomes, as well as their active involvement in the learning process. In addition, the flexibility of access and cloud-based features make it easier for students and teachers to support distance learning or blended learning. Thus, this study confirms the importance of technological innovation in mathematics learning to improve the quality of basic education.

The focus of this study is the transformation of English and Mathematics education at the State Islamic Institute (IAIN) Takengon. Higher education at IAIN Takengon faces challenges in increasing student interest, especially in English and Mathematics study programs. Students believe that mathematics and English skills are not important for career success. This is a common problem in many universities in Indonesia. By focusing on the analysis of high school needs, this study attempts to address the problem. The results of the analysis indicate that IAIN Takengon programs can be tailored to meet the specific needs of English and Mathematics students. As part of the solution, IAIN Takengon students engage directly with high school students and gain hands-on experience in mentoring and teaching. To determine the needs of high schools, an analysis of the study program curriculum, interviews with teachers and students, and observations were conducted. The results of the study indicate that the English and Mathematics curriculum needs to be improved specifically, and the program should be more related to students' real lives. Case studies and qualitative methods are considered effective in collecting contextual data and providing in-depth insights into the state of education at IAIN Takengon. Other practical recommendations include curriculum adjustments, creating learning materials that are more in line with industry needs, and training teachers to implement innovative teaching methods.

This study aims to explore the challenges of mathematics learning in grade IX at SMP N 45 Kota Bekasi. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data were collected through interviews with teachers and students, as well as direct classroom observations. The findings show that the main challenges in mathematics learning include low student motivation, ineffective use of educational technology, and limited learning facilities. In addition, teaching methods that still rely on conventional approaches hinder students' understanding of mathematical concepts. This study recommends the use of more interactive teaching approaches and the utilization of technology to improve the quality of mathematics education at the school.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Project-Based Learning (PBL) in improving students' critical thinking skills in mathematics at Grade VII SMP Negeri 5 Setu. The research type used is experimental with a one-group pretest-posttest design. Data were collected through a critical thinking skills test administered at three stages: pre-cycle, cycle 1, and cycle 2. The results show a significant improvement in students' critical thinking skills, with the average test score reaching 57.5% in the pre-cycle, 72.8% in cycle 1, and 85.6% in cycle 2. Based on these results, it can be concluded that Project-Based Learning is effective in improving students' critical thinking skills in mathematics at SMP Negeri 5 Setu.

This study aims to analyze the effect of integrating the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) approach in science education on students' creativity and problem-solving abilities at SMPN 1 Cigombong. The STEM approach was implemented to provide an integrated learning experience, allowing students to connect science concepts with technology, engineering, and mathematics. The research method used is classroom action research (CAR), conducted in two cycles, with observation, tests, and interviews as instruments for data collection. The results showed that the implementation of the STEM approach improved students' creativity and problem-solving skills, as well as facilitated students in applying science concepts in daily life. Furthermore, students also demonstrated an increase in collaboration and communication skills. These findings contribute to the development of more relevant learning methods that meet the demands of 21st-century education in secondary schools.

This research aims to analyze the use of ethnomathematics-based learning media in improving students' understanding in elementary schools. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, this research identifies, evaluates and synthesizes relevant research results on related topics. The literature selection process was carried out systematically through searches in various accredited scientific journal databases, using certain keywords related to ethnomathematics, learning media, and basic education. The research results show that ethnomathematics-based learning media is effective in increasing students' understanding of mathematical concepts through a contextual approach that utilizes local culture as a learning aid. This approach not only increases mathematical understanding, but also strengthens the link between mathematics learning and local wisdom. This research also reveals the importance of innovative learning media that suit regional cultural characteristics and student needs.

This study aims to develop and implement Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and Project-Based Learning (PJBL) learning models in mathematics learning at SD Negeri No. 18 Bababulo, Majene Regency. The main objective of implementing these two models is to increase student involvement, as well as critical, analytical, and creative thinking skills in solving mathematical problems. The implementation procedure began with an introduction to the theme of the impact of plastic waste on the environment. Students were divided into six groups to discuss problems, develop project plans, and conduct observations. The results showed that students were actively involved, with significant increases in motivation and critical thinking skills. Enthusiasm was seen during discussions and presentations, although there were challenges related to self-confidence during presentations, which were overcome through practice from the teacher. The conclusion of this study states that the implementation of PBL and PJBL is effective in improving students' understanding of mathematical concepts and social skills. Suggested follow-ups include consistent implementation of both models and periodic evaluation to improve the quality of learning.

One of the tools that can help students learn better is learning media. This study aims to determine how the use of learning media affects students' mathematics learning outcomes. The data used in this research were collected from relevant journals. This study employed the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. Researchers utilized the Google Scholar database and the Publish or Perish application to gather nationally accredited journal articles from Sinta 1 to 4. The results indicate that the use of learning media in mathematics instruction has a significant impact on students' interest, motivation, and learning outcomes.

One of the tools that can help students learn better is learning media. This study aims to determine how the use of learning media affects students' mathematics learning outcomes. The data used in this research were collected from relevant journals. This study employed the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. Researchers utilized the Google Scholar database and the Publish or Perish application to gather nationally accredited journal articles from Sinta 1 to 4. The results indicate that the use of learning media in mathematics instruction has a significant impact on students' interest, motivation, and learning outcomes.

This research seeks to identify the sources and locations of arithmetic learning challenges related to integer counting operations. Class VI, which is the focus of this study, has an average math score that is lower than the KKM. Methods such as tests, observations, and interviews are used to gather data. Students' mastery of the topic of whole number counting operations was assessed using the test technique, which consisted of a 10-question essay. Finding out how the subject is doing during math learning activities and what variables could influence math learning are both accomplished via the use of the observation technique. The purpose of the interview was to get a clear understanding of the challenges that students have while studying the content for integer counting operations. Fifty percent of students had trouble with skills, 23.3% had trouble with ideas, and 20% had trouble with problem solving, according to the data from the final analysis. This includes students in the adequate group. Teachers are encouraged to shape mathematics teaching patterns based on more than just pupils' problem-solving abilities. More significant, however, is figuring out how to encourage pupils to comprehend and fully grasp current ideas so that they do not have any trouble understanding mathematics. 

The aim of this research is to explore the use of manipulative media through a realistic mathematics education (RME) approach in improving students' numeracy skills at MI Nurul Islam. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method and includes observation and interviews as data collection techniques. This research was conducted by students at the Mataram State Islamic University. The research was located at MI Nurul Islam, Sekarbela sub-district, Mataram city. To be precise, for class I teachers, researchers also analyzed the data using qualitative analysis. Research findings show that the use of manipulative media through the RME approach can improve students' comprehension and numeracy skills. students become more engaged in learning, and see improvements in their problem-solving numeracy skills. Manipulative media can also help reduce calculation errors and increase students' confidence in learning mathematics. Based on these results, it is concluded that the use of manipulative media through the RME approach is effective in improving the numeracy skills of MI Nurul Islam students and can be an alternative strategy in learning mathematics at the elementary level.

Mathematics is part of the curriculum in Indonesia and has a very important role at every level of education. So that mathematics learning is expected to produce an important contribution in shaping students' character. Mathematics learning should be well designed by inserting character values in learning planning so that the goal of building student character can be achieved. The author will examine one example of realistic mathematics learning. The aim of realistic mathematics learning is to ensure that students not only achieve success in the cognitive aspect, but also experience positive changes in their attitudes and character.

Social Studies (IPS) is one of the subjects taught at the elementary / MI / SDLB level to SMP / MTs / SMP / SMPLB. IPS examines various claims, facts, assumptions, and generalizations related to social issues, by covering disciplines such as Geography, History, Sociology, and Economics in the SMP / MTs curriculum. Through social studies learning, students are encouraged to become active citizens, caring, politically aware, and have a global awareness and love of peace.This research uses a literature analysis method or literature review approach. Social studies covers a variety of subjects, including science, mathematics, and Indonesian language, thus placing it as a challenging field of study. Social studies learning seeks to answer various human rights issues and daily social problems faced by society. In the process, social studies learning is characterized by challenges and complexities that must be faced by educators and students. Keywords: Social Science, Education and Curriculum, Social and Civic Issues, Literature Review

In an educational context, especially in mathematics learning, emotional intelligence can play a significant role in how students face challenges, deal with stress, and interact with classmates and teachers. Students with high emotional intelligence tend to have better strategies for managing their feelings, which can help them stay focused, motivated, and more open to learning. This research uses a quantitative descriptive method with a correlational approach, namely research that determines the relationship between two or more variables with a symmetrical relationship. The quantitative descriptive method is a research method that aims to describe a situation objectively using numbers. Thus, there is a significant positive relationship between emotional intelligence and the mathematics learning outcomes of fifth grade students at SD Al-maksum Balunganyar. These results are shown by Fcount Ftable, namely 3.24 2.48. The R2 value is 0.0939.3%, this can be stated that the contribution of emotional intelligence to the mathematics results of grade 5 students at SD Al-maksum Balunganyar is 9.3%, the rest is influenced by other factors. The prerequisite test shows that the two variables are normally distributed . Using simple regression, a significant positive relationship was found between emotional intelligence and the mathematics learning outcomes of fifth grade students at SD Al-maksum Balunganyar at 9.3%.

This study investigates the impact of virtual reality (VR) tools in enhancing student engagement and learning outcomes in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education. By analyzing experimental data from VR-based STEM lessons across multiple schools, the research highlights how immersive experiences can help students understand complex concepts, increase motivation, and improve retention. The findings emphasize the potential of VR to transform traditional STEM education by providing interactive and engaging learning environments.

This research is based on the importance of learning realistic mathematics in mathematics. The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of learning by using realistic mathematics learning models in improving the mathematical understanding of students of class VI MIN 2 Mataram City. PMR is a learning approach to mathematics that involves the reality and experience of students. In mathematics learning students are required to be more active in finding and finding solutions to a problem, so that learning that occurs will be centered on students. The research method used is a qualiative method for collecting data through observation, interviews and documents. The results showed that the application of realistic mathematics learning was effective in increasing students' mathematical understanding in the discovery of mathematical concepts through contextual learning and relevant to daily life. Thus, this research provides a significant involvement in understanding the role of PMR in increasing the mathematical understanding of students as well as part of an effective mathematical learning approach.