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This study aims to evaluate the impact of leadership education and training on organizational service effectiveness within the Tambrauw Regency Government, Papua. Leadership training is an important instrument in developing the competencies of Civil Servants to enhance leadership capacity, managerial skills, and public service quality. However, its implementation needs evaluation to determine its impact on organizational performance and service effectiveness. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis. The analytical framework applied is the Kirkpatrick training evaluation model, covering reaction, learning, behavior, and results. Data collection was conducted through documentation studies, policy analysis, and literature review on civil servant development and public services. The results indicate that leadership training has a positive impact on improving civil servant competencies and service effectiveness. At the reaction level, participants showed high satisfaction with training materials and methods. At the learning level, there was improvement in leadership knowledge and skills. At the behavior level, participants demonstrated more professional work attitudes, better coordination, and improved decision-making. At the results level, training contributed to improved service quality, efficiency, and innovation. However, challenges remain, including limited resources, hierarchical bureaucratic culture, and weak policy support. Therefore, strong local government commitment is needed to enhance training quality and organizational support. This study contributes to public administration research and offers practical insights for policy development.

History learning plays a strategic role in developing students’ critical, analytical, and reflective thinking skills. However, instructional practices that still emphasize memorization of facts often fail to foster higher-order thinking abilities. This article aims to examine the implementation of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)-based history learning as an effort to support the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4, namely quality education. The HOTS approach in history learning emphasizes students’ abilities to analyze, evaluate, and create through activities such as interpreting historical sources, solving contextual problems, and engaging in critical discussions of past events. The method used in this study is a literature review by analyzing various sources related to HOTS-based learning strategies and their implementation in history education. The findings indicate that the application of HOTS enhances student engagement, deepens conceptual understanding, and fosters historical awareness relevant to contemporary life. In addition, HOTS-based learning encourages students to develop reflective thinking and make better-informed decisions. The implementation of HOTS in history learning aligns with the principles of SDG 4, which emphasize inclusive, equitable, and quality education. Therefore, integrating HOTS into history instruction not only improves the quality of the learning process but also contributes to the development of a generation that is critical, creative, and adaptive in facing global challenges.

This is a worrying issue in the digital age and has been shown to significantly contribute to low student academic achievement. This research aims to examine the role of Guidance and Counseling (BK) services in addressing social media addiction in students with low academic achievement. The method used in this research is library research with a qualitative approach through content analysis and literature synthesis techniques sourced from various scientific references published between 2020 and 2025. The results show that students addicted to social media have low self-control, resulting in academic procrastination and a consistent decline in learning achievement. GC services have proven to play a strategic role through preventive, curative, and developmental functions implemented through classical guidance, individual counseling, and group counseling. The Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) approach and self-management technique have proven most effective in helping students reduce social media addiction and improve learning discipline. However, the effectiveness of GC services is still constrained by the non-ideal ratio of counseling teachers, the lack of digital literacy-based GC programs, and students' negative stigma toward counseling services. This study recommends developing GC programs specifically designed to address digital addiction by involving the entire school ecosystem consistently.

The phenomenon of academic procrastination is a serious obstacle in the world of education, manifesting as a deliberate delay in starting or completing school assignments. This behavior leads to a decline in academic achievement and an increase in student anxiety when approaching deadlines. This article aims to examine the effectiveness of time management as a strategy to reduce academic procrastination behavior in students through a comprehensive literature review. The research method employed is library research, using content analysis techniques on scientific journal articles and previous research findings relevant within the last ten years. The research findings indicate a significant negative correlation between time management and academic procrastination, where the ability to prioritize and adhere to schedules effectively can lower the level of task delay. Furthermore, intervention through guidance and counseling services using self-management techniques has proven to be a strategic solution in enhancing student learning independence. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of the role of Guidance and Counseling teachers in integrating time management training into guidance programs to support students' sustainable academic effectiveness.

This study explored how integrating YouTube video analysis into pre-writing activities can support idea generation and coherence in students’ writing. Writing is often challenging for EFL learners, especially in developing ideas and organizing them logically. To address this, the study used YouTube as a pre-writing tool that provides visual and auditory input to stimulate creativity and critical thinking. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method using a YouTube video titled “Writing Process: Pre-Writing” from Mr. Paige’s English Writing Center and open-ended questionnaires answered by 30 English Literature students. The findings showed that 70% of students agreed that watching or analyzing YouTube videos before writing helped them generate ideas more easily, while 56.7% found the activities more engaging and 53.3% reported better organization of thoughts. Additionally, 50% of participants felt more confident to start writing, and 63.3% believed that teachers should integrate video analysis into writing classes. These results indicate that YouTube-based pre-writing activities enhance idea generation, coherence, and motivation in writing. Overall, YouTube video analysis proves to be an effective digital learning strategy that combines creativity, engagement, and logical organization in the writing process.

Truancy among high school students continues to be a serious concern that has negative effects on both academic outcomes and social development. This study seeks to analyze the application of reality therapy as an intervention to minimize truancy behavior. The research utilizes a literature review approach by evaluating six relevant scholarly articles published over the past decade. The findings suggest that truancy is caused by a combination of internal factors, such as lack of learning motivation and feelings of boredom, and external factors, including family environment and peer influence. Conventional approaches that rely heavily on punishment and external control are considered less effective in creating lasting behavioral improvements. On the other hand, reality therapy emphasizes personal responsibility, present actions, and self-assessment, allowing students to better understand their behavior and make more positive decisions. The results demonstrate that this approach enhances students’ self-awareness, responsibility, and decision-making abilities. Therefore, reality therapy can be regarded as an effective alternative counseling method to address truancy behavior in schools and to support long-term behavioral change.

This community service activity aims to enhance students’ competencies in business management, production, and operations through an industrial visit to PT. XYZ. The activity involved 65 students from the Entrepreneurship Study Program of Universitas Negeri Medan and was conducted in December 2025. The method used was experiential learning, allowing students to gain direct exposure to real industrial practices. The stages of the activity included preparation, implementation of the industrial visit, observation and data analysis, and evaluation and reflection. The results of the activity indicate significant improvements in five key areas: understanding of business management, production processes, operations management, development of soft skills, and increased entrepreneurial motivation and interest. Students were able to connect theoretical knowledge with real-world applications, thereby enhancing their analytical and practical abilities. In addition, the activity contributed to the development of communication skills, teamwork, critical thinking, and professional attitudes. Overall, this program demonstrates that industrial visits are an effective learning strategy in entrepreneurship education to produce competent, adaptive, and competitive graduates.

The rapid advancement of technology has brought significant changes to the field of education, requiring adjustments in the roles and competencies of educators to improve the quality of human resources. The teaching profession is no longer limited to delivering knowledge but also demands the ability to adapt to technological developments, utilize digital tools, and create innovative and relevant learning experiences. This study aims to examine the challenges faced by the education profession in improving the quality of human resources and to identify strategies that can be implemented to address these challenges. This research employs a literature review method by analyzing ten relevant scientific articles using a descriptive qualitative approach. The findings reveal several major challenges, including limited teacher competence and professionalism, constraints in the use of technology, weaknesses in human resource management in education, and the lack of optimal training and professional development programs. In addition, disparities in access and readiness for digital transformation also hinder the improvement of educational quality. The results suggest that improving the quality of human resources through education requires a comprehensive approach, including strengthening teacher competencies, providing continuous professional development, improving educational management, and ensuring adaptive policy support. Therefore, the education profession is expected to play a crucial role as a driving force in producing competent, high-quality human resources who are well prepared to face future challenges.

This study aims to descriptively analyze the ability of elementary students to imitate rhythmic gymnastics movements through the Just Dance Now application in Physical Education learning at SDN Bulay 1 Pamekasan. The background of this research stems from the low motivation and movement accuracy of students in conventional rhythmic gymnastics learning. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this study involved 24 fifth-grade students as subjects. Data collection techniques included participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model consisting of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that students' ability to imitate rhythmic gymnastics movements through Just Dance Now falls into the sufficient category, with students demonstrating good proficiency in basic movement patterns but experiencing challenges in complex body coordination and musical rhythm synchronization. The application successfully enhanced student enthusiasm and engagement compared to traditional methods. However, technical constraints such as internet connectivity and limited space were identified as implementation barriers. This study implies that digital game-based media like Just Dance Now can serve as an effective alternative visual aid in elementary physical education, particularly for rhythmic gymnastics instruction. Educators are encouraged to integrate technology creatively while addressing infrastructural limitations to optimize learning outcomes.

This study aims to develop Smartboard Book teaching materials based on Augmented Reality that are valid, practical, and effective for improving students' learning outcomes in the IPAS (Science) subject for grade IV at SDIT Al-Farabi. This study uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) development model. The subjects of this study were grade IV students at SDIT Al-Farabi. Data collection techniques were conducted through expert validation questionnaires, response questionnaires, and learning outcome tests. The results indicate that the Smartboard Book teaching material was declared very valid, with material and test instrument validation percentages of 88% and media validation of 95%. The teaching material was also declared practical based on teacher and student responses. Furthermore, this media proved to be effective in improving students' learning outcomes with an N-gain score of 0.86, which falls into the high category. Based on these findings, it is recommended that teachers utilize Smartboard Book teaching materials based on Augmented Reality as an alternative medium in learning activities to create a more interactive and engaging learning environment.

The effectiveness of public sector organizations in delivering quality services and achieving their mandates depends critically on how they manage their human resources. This study examines the relationship between strategic human resource management (SHRM) practices and organizational performance in Indonesian public sector organizations. Employing a mixed-methods research design, data were collected from 312 public sector managers and HR professionals across 45 government agencies through surveys and 32 in-depth interviews. The research investigates five key SHRM dimensions: strategic recruitment and selection, performance management systems, employee development and training, compensation and rewards, and employee engagement. Findings reveal significant positive relationships between SHRM practices and multiple performance indicators including service quality, operational efficiency, employee productivity, and organizational innovation. Regression analysis demonstrates that SHRM practices collectively explain 47.3% of variance in organizational performance scores. Qualitative data illuminate implementation challenges including limited HR professional capacity, rigid civil service regulations, political interference, and resistance to performance-based management. The study identifies critical success factors such as top management commitment, alignment between HR strategy and organizational strategy, investment in HR analytics capabilities, and cultural transformation toward merit-based practices. Results indicate that high-performing public organizations distinguish themselves through systematic talent management, data-driven HR decision-making, continuous learning cultures, and stronger linkages between individual performance and organizational outcomes. This research contributes empirical evidence on SHRM effectiveness in public sector contexts and provides actionable recommendations for HR practitioners and policymakers seeking to leverage human capital for improved public service delivery.

Indonesia is a country with a high level of vulnerability to various natural disasters, making it essential to improve disaster mitigation literacy from an early age, particularly among primary school pupils. However, disaster mitigation education in schools is often still theoretical and lacks engaging and contextually relevant learning materials. Therefore, this initiative aims to enhance pupils’ understanding of disaster mitigation and environmental awareness through the use of an interactive magazine module accompanied by educational stickers. This community service activity was carried out at Giriwungu Primary School, Girirejo Village, Imogiri Sub-district, Bantul Regency, targeting Year 3 primary school pupils. The implementation method employed an educational-participatory approach through several stages of activity, namely the screening of educational videos, the distribution of interactive magazine modules, independent reading activities, the presentation of picture stories, and interactive quizzes to assess pupils’ understanding. The results of the activity showed that the pupils demonstrated high levels of enthusiasm and participation throughout the session, and the majority were able to grasp the basic concepts of waste management and the importance of protecting the environment as part of disaster mitigation efforts. Consequently, the use of interactive magazine modules can serve as an effective literacy tool for enhancing pupils’ understanding and fostering awareness of environmental care and disaster mitigation from an early age.

This study investigates the impact of social support and learning motivation on students' desire to pursue higher education at SMA Negeri 4 in South Tangerang City. It employs a quantitative design through survey methods, collecting data via a Google Form questionnaire from 84 participants, with instruments validated and tested for reliability using SPSS version 27. Analysis involved simple and multiple linear regression, supplemented by t-tests for individual effects and F-tests for combined influences. Social support (X1) significantly affects interest in further education (Y), showing a regression coefficient of 1.521 (p = 0.000) and R² of 0.649. Learning motivation (X2) likewise exerts a strong positive influence on interest in higher education (Y), with a coefficient of 1.307 (p = 0.000) and R² of 0.691. Together, these factors significantly predict students' interest (F = 106.418, p = 0.000), explaining 72.4% of the variance (multiple R² = 0.724), while 27.6% stems from unexamined variables. These results highlight the critical role of social support and robust learning motivation in boosting students' aspirations for advanced studies. Schools, families, and policymakers can leverage these insights to craft targeted initiatives for enhancing postsecondary enrollment. These results highlight the critical role of social support and robust learning motivation in boosting students' aspirations for advanced studies. Schools, families, and policymakers can leverage these insights to craft targeted initiatives for enhancing postsecondary enrollment.

This study examines the integration of Islamic education values in supporting the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030. The background of this research is rooted in the increasing global demand for education systems that not only emphasize cognitive competence but also foster moral integrity, social responsibility, and environmental awareness. Islamic education, with its foundational values such as tawhid (divine consciousness), adl (justice), amanah (responsibility), and mizan (balance), offers a holistic framework that aligns with the principles of sustainable development. The objective of this research is to analyze how Islamic educational values can be conceptually and operationally integrated into educational practices to contribute to the SDGs agenda. This study employs a qualitative approach using library research as the primary method, collecting and analyzing relevant academic literature published in recent years. The findings indicate that the integration of Islamic values through contextual learning, reflective discussions, character-building activities, and social engagement initiatives can enhance students’ awareness of global issues, empathy, inclusivity, and ecological responsibility. Although challenges remain in curriculum standardization and character assessment mechanisms, the study concludes that Islamic education has strong potential to function as a transformative educational model. The implications of this research suggest the need for curriculum development, teacher capacity building, and institutional commitment to ensure that Islamic education meaningfully contributes to sustainable global development.

This study is motivated by the low level of students’ learning concentration in the classroom, which is reflected in behaviors such as drowsiness, lack of focus, and limited participation during learning activities. These conditions are generally caused by less varied teaching methods and a lack of activities that actively engage students. Therefore, this study aims to examine the use of brain gym–based ice breaking activities to reduce drowsiness and improve students’ concentration. The method employed in this research is a literature review, involving the analysis of various relevant academic sources, including journals, books, and research articles. The findings indicate that integrating ice breaking activities with brain gym techniques has a positive impact on the learning process. This approach is shown to enhance concentration, memory, and students’ readiness to learn. In addition, the simple movements in brain gym can help increase oxygen flow to the brain, making students feel more refreshed and focused. In conclusion, brain gym–based ice breaking can serve as an effective, innovative, and enjoyable instructional strategy to improve the quality of teaching and learning in the classroom.

Education plays an important role in shaping the quality of human resources, particularly in developing students' critical thinking skills. In the learning process at school, teachers not only act as providers of information but also as facilitators who are able to create active, creative, and participatory learning environments. However, in practice, the learning process is still often dominated by one-way lecture methods, which tend to make students passive and less involved in the learning process. This condition affects the development of students’ critical thinking skills. Therefore, learning strategies that actively involve students are needed, one of which is through the implementation of Problem Based Learning (PBL).This study aims to analyze the strategies used by Islamic Religious Education teachers in implementing Problem Based Learning and its impact on students’ critical thinking skills at SMA Pembangunan V YAPIS Waena. This research employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, while data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing.The results of the study indicate that the implementation of Problem Based Learning is carried out through several stages, including presenting problems related to daily life, group discussions, problem analysis, and the presentation of discussion results by students. The implementation of this learning model increases students’ activeness in the learning process and encourages the development of critical thinking skills, such as identifying problems, analyzing information, expressing opinions, and drawing logical conclusions. Therefore, Problem Based Learning can be considered an effective learning strategy for improving students’ critical thinking skills in Islamic Religious Education learning.

The situations frequently faced by final-year students while preparing scientific papers often have an impact on their mental health and learning process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Mozart music therapy in reducing stress among final-year students in the Diploma III Nursing Program at Abulyatama University. This study used a quantitative method with a one-group pre-Test and post-Test design. The population studied included all final-year students in the Diploma III Nursing Program at Abulyatama University, totaling 168 students. The sample consisted of 15 respondents selected using purposive sampling technique. The instrument used in this study was the DASS-42 questionnaire with a Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.8806, and Mozart classical music therapy was administered in accordance with the Standard Operating Procedure sheet. This research was conducted from May 20 to May 23, 2025. Data analysis used the T-test. The results showed a decrease in the mean stress score from 26.07 (pre-Test) to 20.67 (post-Test), with a p-value = 0.000. Based on these results, it can be concluded that Mozart classical music therapy has an effect in reducing stress among final-year students during the process of writing scientific papers. It is expected that students can make Mozart classical music therapy a routine practice in daily life to maintain mental balance, and educational institutions are advised to organize Mozart classical music therapy programs regularly as a preventive effort against academic stress

This study analyzes junior high school students' errors in solving mathematics problems involving integers. This study was conducted through a systematic literature review of 12 related research articles published between 2021 and 2026. The analysis shows that students' errors in integers include contextual, procedural, and technical (calculation) errors. The most common conceptualization errors were found in the understanding of positive and negative signs and the rules for mixed operations. The main causes of errors are a lack of in-depth conceptual understanding, the habit of memorizing without understanding, and a lack of practice using concrete media. Internal factors such as learning motivation and external factors such as learning methods and media also contribute. This study recommends that the mathematics learning process emphasize meaningful conceptual understanding, the use of concrete media, and learning strategies that engage students' mathematical connection skills. Thus, difficulties in learning integers can be minimized sustainably.

The development of digital technology has driven significant changes in modern learning methods by integrating various multimedia media. However, multimedia's ability to facilitate learning depends largely on the extent to which its presentation aligns with the principles of learning psychology, particularly those outlined in the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML). This study aims to examine the role and effectiveness of multimedia in transforming modern learning methods by combining the results of recent empirical research from 2020 to 2024. This study used the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method by analyzing 22 journal articles obtained from several databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Sinta. Research shows that the use of interactive multimedia helps increase student enthusiasm for learning, participation, understanding of concepts, and the ability to remember course material. However, disorganized multimedia design can add unnecessary mental burden, thereby reducing learning effectiveness. These findings suggest that the successful use of multimedia depends not only on the level of technological advancement but also on the quality of learning design that applies cognitive theory. This study provides a comprehensive summary of the latest research and provides tangible benefits for educators in creating effective digital learning content.

Academic anxiety is one of the problems commonly experienced by students due to the pressure of assignments, demands for achievement, and concerns about learning outcomes. This article aims to examine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based counseling in reducing students' academic anxiety and to explain the strategic role of guidance counselors in its application in schools. This study uses a literature review method with a literature review approach. Data were obtained from various national journals relevant to the topics of academic anxiety and mindfulness, then analyzed descriptively and qualitatively through a process of collecting, classifying, and synthesizing the results of previous studies. The results of the study show that mindfulness-based counseling is effective in helping students reduce their levels of academic anxiety through conscious breathing exercises, focusing attention, and accepting learning experiences without negative judgment. In addition, guidance counselors play an important role as facilitators, program developers, role models for mindfulness practices, mental health advocates, and liaisons between schools and parents in supporting the success of interventions. By applying the right methods, mindfulness-based counseling can be an effective alternative service in helping students overcome academic anxiety when implemented systematically and continuously  by guidance counselors in schools.