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Technological developments and modern lifestyles have indirectly changed the way elementary school children interact with their surroundings. Most of them spend all day playing with gadgets. The lack of physical interaction with the natural environment is not just a matter of preference, but can also affect many important aspects of child development. Therefore, an innovative approach is needed to bridge this gap, namely, through aquascape training. Aquascape is the art of arranging and combining aquatic plants, water, sand, stones, driftwood, and other elements in a playful manner through a combination of underwater aesthetic styles in an aquarium. The purpose of this training is for children to be invited to directly recognize and understand aquatic ecosystems, but also to actively practice their responsibility, creativity, and awareness. Thus, it is hoped that aquascape training can divert a small portion of screen time to more meaningful real experiences, shaping a generation that is more connected to nature and the surrounding environment. The community service program was conducted for 110 fifth-grade students at Kebalenan State Elementary School in Banyuwangi Regency on January 14, 2025. The activity was carried out in person. Session 1 focused on Environmental Education and Ornamental Fish, while Session 2 involved training in creating a simple aquascape. During the training, the students showed high motivation, enthusiasm, and interest in participating in the activity.

The environmental crisis is a global issue that has become increasingly evident and directly affects human life, including rural communities. Deforestation, environmental pollution, and changes in human lifestyles reflect an imbalanced relationship between humanity and nature. From a Christian faith perspective, the environmental crisis is not merely an ecological or social problem. This article aims to examine ecotheology as a foundation of Christian faith in responding to environmental crises, while also describing its practical implementation through a Community Service program conducted by lecturers and students of the Master’s Program in Christian Religious Education at IAKN Tarutung in 2025 in Situmeang Pintu Bosi Village, Sipoholon District, North Tapanuli Regency. The method employed is a qualitative approach using a participatory service model, which includes ecotheological material presentations, Bible-based reflective discussions, and the accompaniment of simple environmental care actions with the local community. The service materials emphasize the understanding of God as the Creator and Owner of all creation, the cultural mandate and stewardship, the reality of sin and its impact on the degradation of creation, and the role of the church and believers in preserving environmental integrity. The results indicate an increased theological understanding among the community regarding Christian responsibility toward the environment, along with the growth of ethical awareness to care for nature through concrete actions in daily life. This activity affirms that ecotheology is not merely conceptual, but has practical relevance in fostering faith-based ecological awareness.

The transformation of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning in senior high schools has become an urgent necessity in response to the demands of modern education that emphasize humanistic and student-centered learning. This study aims to describe the implementation of a humanistic approach in PAI learning, analyze its impact on students’ development, and identify supporting and inhibiting factors in its classroom application. This research employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through classroom observations, in-depth interviews with PAI teachers, questionnaires distributed to students, and document analysis of lesson plans and instructional materials. The findings reveal that the implementation of dialogic, reflective, and experience-based learning strategies creates a more comfortable and engaging learning environment. Students feel more appreciated, gain opportunities to express their ideas, and demonstrate improvements in learning autonomy, self-confidence, and moral responsibility. In addition, teachers increasingly integrate cognitive, affective, and spiritual dimensions into instructional planning, making PAI learning more relevant to real-life contexts. These results indicate that the humanistic approach not only enriches the learning process but also contributes significantly to the comprehensive and sustainable development of students’ character.

This study discusses the role of prayer in shaping character and daily ethics as one of the main pillars of Islamic teachings. Prayer is not merely a ritual act of worship but also serves as a means of spiritual and moral education and shapes the overall personality of Muslims. This study uses a literature review method by examining various sources such as books, journals, and scientific articles relevant to Google Scholar from 2020 to 2025, sourced from 20 Indonesian-language journals and 5 English-language journals. Based on this background, prayer plays an important role in instilling values of discipline, responsibility, sincerity, patience, and self-reflection, which contribute to the formation of an individual's character and integrity. In addition, prayer also serves as the foundation of social ethics by fostering honesty, justice, empathy, politeness, and solidarity in social interactions. There is also congregational prayer, which, when performed, can strengthen the values of togetherness, brotherhood, and social concern, which are the foundations of a harmonious social life. Research shows that consistent and solemn prayer practices can control desires, prevent immoral and evil deeds, and provide mental and spiritual balance for the practitioner. Thus, prayer is an important instrument in the moral and spiritual development of Muslims and is relevant in facing modern challenges such as stress and social ethical degradation.

Public street lighting (PJU) is an important infrastructure in supporting the safety and comfort of road users. The provision of PJU is the responsibility of the Sukabumi Regency Transportation Agency, which must be carried out in accordance with Minister of Transportation Regulation No. 47 of 2023 concerning Street Lighting Equipment. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Sukabumi Regency Transportation Agency in providing PJU in the Kadudampit District. The research method used was qualitative with a descriptive approach. Data collection was carried out through field observations, interviews, and documentation studies. The results of the study indicate that the provision of PJU in Kadudampit Subdistrict is not yet fully effective, as indicated by the existence of PJU that is not functioning optimally and uneven distribution. The main obstacles faced include budget and maintenance limitations. Nevertheless, the implementation of street lighting provision has been in accordance with the provisions of Permenhub No. 47 of 2023. Therefore, improved planning and supervision are needed to increase the effectiveness of street lighting provision.

The increasing number of malpractice cases in Indonesia, particularly those related to misdiagnosis by medical practitioners, highlights the urgency of law enforcement in the health sector. This study aims to analyze the legal provisions and forms of physician liability for misdiagnosis resulting in patient death. The research employs a normative juridical approach with a library research method, using primary legal materials such as Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health, the Criminal Code (KUHP), and the Civil Code (KUHPerdata), as well as secondary legal materials including literature and legal health journals. The findings indicate that misdiagnosis proven to constitute professional negligence (culpa) may give rise to legal liability in three areas—criminal, civil, and administrative. Criminally, Article 440 of Law Number 17 of 2023 stipulates sanctions for medical personnel whose negligence causes serious injury or death (Republic of Indonesia, 2023). Furthermore, hospitals also bear responsibility under the doctrines of vicarious liability and hospital liability for the actions of medical practitioners under their supervision (Balubun, Simanjuntak, & Ginting, 2018). This research implies the need for a balanced legal protection framework between patients’ rights and the professional rights of medical practitioners, as well as the strengthening of medical supervision systems within healthcare institutions.

The Qur’an and Hadith are the main references for Islamic teachings and function as the essential basis for Islamic education. They function not only as a guide for the lives of Muslims but also as the basis for determining educational goals, values, curricula, and methods. The aim of Islamic education is to develop individuals who are balanced in faith, knowledge, morals, and skills, enabling them to fulfill their roles as servants of Allah and His representatives on earth. This research seeks to analyze the role of the Qur’an and Hadith as the fundamental basis of Islamic education and their influence on shaping educational objectives, values, curriculum design, and teaching methods. The research method used is a systematic review of national and international journal articles published from 2020 to 2025. The results show that Islamic education places emphasis on forming al-insan al-kamil individuals characterized by faith, knowledge, noble character, and a sense of responsibility. Through curricula and educational methods grounded in the Qur’an and Hadith, values such as faith, piety, honesty, and social concern are instilled.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of hadith values ​​in strengthening disciplinary policies and character building of students at MIS Teladan 1 Ujung Kubu. The hadith of the Prophet Muhammad SAW is used as a normative and pedagogical basis in the formulation of disciplinary policies that are educational, humanistic, and oriented towards fostering noble character. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through direct observation, in-depth interviews with the principal, teachers, and students, and documentation studies of madrasah rules and programs. The results show that the values ​​of hadith are implemented systematically through the habit of time discipline, instilling manners in daily interactions, teachers' exemplary behavior as role models, and strengthening religious activities such as congregational prayer and prayer habits. The hadith-based disciplinary policy has been proven to contribute positively to strengthening student character, especially in aspects of discipline, responsibility, religious attitudes, and social behavior. This study concludes that the integration of hadith values ​​in disciplinary policies is effective in supporting the goals of Islamic education in elementary madrasas.

This study aims to analyze human resource management (HRM) based on Islamic boarding school values ​​in strengthening educator professionalism and sustaining academic performance at MA Al-Amiriyyah Blokagung. The study focuses on the process of internalizing Islamic boarding school values ​​in HRM policies and practices and their implications for educator professionalism and the sustainability of the institution's academic quality. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews with madrasah leaders and educators, observations of institutional practices, and documentation studies of policies and human resource development programs. Data analysis was conducted thematically through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results show that Islamic boarding school values ​​such as sincerity, service, discipline, exemplary behavior, and moral responsibility have been internalized normatively and practically in HRM policies, particularly in aspects of human resource planning, recruitment, coaching, and evaluation of educator performance. These values ​​shape educator professionalism that is not only based on pedagogical competence, but also an ethos of devotion and moral integrity. The human resource development and coaching system contributes to maintaining work motivation and consistent academic performance among educators. However, the internalization of Islamic boarding school values ​​still tends to be cultural and person-centered, and has not been fully institutionalized in written policies, standard procedures, and long-term strategic planning. Therefore, its sustainability remains dependent on leadership figures. The implications of this research emphasize the importance of strengthening the institutionalization of Islamic boarding school value-based human resource management (HRM) through formal policies, a sustainable human resource development system, and systematic managerial governance to ensure the sustainable maintenance of educator professionalism and the institution's academic performance.

The phenomenon of child labor exploitation in the textile industry is a form of human rights violation that continues to occur in various countries, including in the global supply chains of multinational corporations. This practice not only involves individual perpetrators but also demonstrates the systematic involvement of corporations through production policies, cost pressures, and disregard for labor standards. The concept of corporate complicity is relevant to analyzing the extent to which corporations can be held criminally liable for human rights violations that occur in their business activities. This study aims to examine the forms of corporate involvement in child labor exploitation in the textile industry and analyze the framework for corporate criminal liability from a national and international legal perspective. The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory, conceptual, and case study approach. The results show that corporations can be considered to have participated in or assisted in human rights violations if they know about, allow, or profit from the practice of child labor exploitation. Although various international legal instruments such as the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights have affirmed corporate responsibility for human rights, their implementation in national law still faces obstacles, particularly regarding proving the element of guilt and imposing criminal sanctions on legal entities. Therefore, strengthening regulations, supply chain oversight mechanisms, and strict law enforcement are needed so that corporate criminal liability can be an effective instrument in preventing the exploitation of child labor and ensuring human rights protection.

Minister of Culture Fadli Zon's controversial statement, casting doubt on the existence of mass rape in the May 1998 Tragedy, sparked a strong public reaction, particularly from victims and human rights activists. This study aims to analyze Fadli Zon's statement as a form of identity politics in the context of contemporary Indonesian politics. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a discourse analysis approach to public statements, media coverage, and official documents such as reports from the National Commission on Violence Against Women and the Joint Fact-Finding Team (TGPF). The results show that Fadli Zon's statement is not merely a personal view, but rather a representation of identity politics that has the potential to obscure historical truth and reinforce social polarization. The identity politics that emerged in this discourse demonstrates how political power can influence the construction of national history and marginalize minority groups, particularly Chinese women victims of sexual violence. This study emphasizes the importance of historical honesty and the moral responsibility of political elites in preserving the nation's collective memory.

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in higher education learning has increased significantly, particularly among Informatics Engineering students. Although AI provides various benefits in supporting the learning process, its utilization also raises ethical concerns, especially related to algorithmic bias and responsible use of technology. This study aims to analyze the perceptions of Informatics Engineering students regarding bias and ethics in the use of artificial intelligence in learning. The research employed a quantitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire distributed to 80 Informatics Engineering students who had experience using AI in learning activities. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted using mean scores and percentages. The results indicate that students demonstrate a high level of ethical awareness and responsibility in using AI; however, their perception of potential bias in AI systems remains at a moderate level. These findings reveal a gap between normative ethical awareness and critical understanding of algorithmic bias. This study recommends strengthening contextual and applied AI ethics literacy within the Informatics Engineering curriculum to promote responsible and ethical use and development of artificial intelligence technologies.

The obligation to consume halal food is a fundamental right of Muslim consumers, guaranteed by Islamic principles and Indonesian positive law. However, in practice, many food business operators still distribute products that have not obtained halal certification, resulting in legal uncertainty and potential material and immaterial losses for Muslim consumers. This study aims to analyze the forms of legal protection available to Muslim consumers regarding food products that are not halal-certified and to examine the responsibility of business actors as well as the role of the government in ensuring halal food compliance in Indonesia, using Sushi Go Restaurant as a case study. This research applies a normative juridical method with a statutory and case approach, supported by library research of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The findings indicate that legal protection for Muslim consumers has been comprehensively regulated through Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection and Law Number 33 of 2014 on Halal Product Assurance. Nevertheless, the implementation of these regulations remains inadequate, particularly in terms of supervision and law enforcement against non-compliant business actors. The absence of halal certification and insufficient disclosure of halal information at Sushi Go Restaurant potentially violates Muslim consumers’ rights to legal certainty and accurate information. Therefore, stronger regulatory enforcement, improved supervision, and increased awareness among business actors and consumers are essential to ensure effective legal protection for Muslim consumers.

This article comprehensively discusses the responsibility of notary for legally defective deeds, with an emphasis on the application of the principle of prudence as the foundation of the notary profession's professionalism and integrity. This research uses a normative legal method with a legislative, conceptual, and case approach to analyze the relationship between notary negligence and the resulting civil liability consequences. The study results indicate that the principle of prudence plays a central role in determining the limits of a notary's legal liability, as any negligent action in verifying identity, document validity, or the substance of the deed can cause legal harm to the parties. Conversely, if the notary can prove that their actions were in accordance with legal procedures and professional ethical standards, they can be absolved of civil liability claims. Additionally, this research also highlights the importance of applying the principle of due diligence in the context of the digitalization of notarial services, which demands stricter verification and authentication. Thus, the principle of prudence not only serves as a legal principle but also as a moral foundation that guaranties justice, certainty, and legal protection for society, as well as upholding the dignity of the notarial profession.

Self-health education plays a crucial role in shaping the healthy habits, character, and behavior of elementary school students. This learning emphasizes not only physical hygiene but also the development of social and emotional skills that can prevent negative behaviors such as bullying. This study aims to examine teachers' strategies in implementing self-health education as an effort to prevent bullying behavior in elementary schools. The method used was a literature review by analyzing various relevant scientific sources from 2020–2025. The results of the study indicate that teachers' strategies in implementing self-health education include three main approaches: habituating clean and healthy living behaviors, integrating health values ​​into learning, and fostering social-emotional development through reflective activities in the classroom. These three strategies are effective in fostering students' awareness, discipline, responsibility, and empathy towards their peers. Self-health education also contributes to creating a safe, healthy, and respectful learning environment. Thus, self-health education can be used as a preventive strategy to prevent bullying in elementary schools. Teachers act as role models and facilitators who ensure the values ​​of health, empathy, and social responsibility are integrated into teaching and learning activities.

This study was conducted based on the idea that understanding the values of worship contained in the Qur'an plays an important role in shaping the faith, obedience, and religious behavior of Muslims. Worship education is not only related to the formal and ritual implementation of religious commands, but also significantly influences the formation of attitudes, personality, and character in daily life. Therefore, an in-depth study of the ideas and foundations of worship education in the Qur'an is necessary so that these values can be properly understood and applied, especially in the field of education. This research employs a qualitative method with a literature study approach, focusing on the analysis of Qur'anic verses related to worship. It is supported by various sources such as tafsir books, Islamic education literature, and relevant scientific references. The findings indicate that worship education in the Qur'an emphasizes strengthening faith in Allah, developing consistency in worship practices, and fostering noble character. Furthermore, worship education helps balance the relationship between humans and the Creator while also enhancing social interactions among individuals. The values of worship contribute to the development of spiritual awareness, discipline, moral responsibility, and positive social behavior. In conclusion, worship education based on the Qur'an serves as a fundamental foundation for shaping Muslims who are faithful, possess good character, and are able to practice Islamic values comprehensively in their daily lives.

This study critically examines the emerging phenomenon of celebrity preachers as a significant form of religious commodification within the realm of digital da’wah. The rapid proliferation of social media has fundamentally transformed how religious messages are disseminated, with platforms like YouTube, Instagram, and TikTok becoming primary channels. Utilizing a quantitative methodology that combines comprehensive literature studies with online questionnaires distributed to social media users, this research investigates public perceptions regarding digital da’wah practices and high-profile preachers. The findings reveal a commodification process characterized by three key aspects: the tailoring of content to suit market preferences, the shift of audiences into active consumers, and the strategic construction of public images by preachers to sustain popularity. While respondents value the accessibility of digital da’wah, they strongly emphasize the necessity of ethical boundaries to preserve its spiritual essence. Consequently, digital da’wah requires sincerity, scholarly integrity, and moral responsibility to remain an authentic medium for Islamic teachings.

This study examines the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure and tax avoidance, with CEO Overconfidence considered as a moderating factor. The research focuses on non-cyclical consumer goods companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2022-2024 period. Using annual and sustainability reports, the analysis employs multiple linear regression and moderated regression analysis (MRA). Robust standard errors based on the Newey-West method are applied to ensure reliable estimation. The results indicate that CSR disclosure does not have a significant direct effect on tax avoidance. However, CEO Overconfidence significantly moderates the relationship between CSR disclosure and tax avoidance, highlighting the role of executive behavioral characteristics in corporate tax decisions. These findings suggest that CSR disclosure alone is insufficient to explain firms’ tax avoidance behavior without considering managerial traits. The study contributes to the literature by integrating behavioral perspectives into tax avoidance research and emphasizing the importance of executive oversight in aligning CSR practices with responsible tax behavior.

The lack of awareness regarding the emotional impact of bullying remains a persistent issue in schools. It hinders students’ ability to build self-confidence, form healthy social relationships, and reach their full academic potential. In response to this concern, an anti-bullying training program was implemented at a junior high school (SMP Gembala Baik Pontianak). The program aimed to enhance students’ understanding of different forms of bullying and their consequences, while also promoting active participation in fostering a safe and supportive school environment. The training employed a multi-phase approach: material preparation, interactive presentations, group discussions, empathy-building exercises, and evaluation through questionnaires and behavioural observation. The results were notable: 98.91% of participants demonstrated improved understanding of bullying and its serious effects, while 73.11% reported increased confidence in reporting bullying incidents. Furthermore, 95.69% of students acknowledged that the training helped them appreciate the importance of embracing diversity and creating a safe environment. Additionally, 83.87% felt more motivated to show empathy toward their peers. These findings suggest that effective bullying prevention extends beyond information delivery—it must also engage students emotionally and instill a sense of personal responsibility. Similar programs are recommended to be held regularly with updated and contextually relevant materials.

The world of education must actively participate in preparing a creative, innovative, and competitive generation in response to advances in technology and science. Schools, as formal educational institutions, have a great responsibility to improve students' entrepreneurial skills by adding innovative product development theory to the learning process. Amidst increasingly fierce competition, product innovation is essential to create added value and maintain the sustainability of managed businesses. Entrepreneurship also plays an important role in driving social change and economic growth. Students are also encouraged to learn to be more creative, take initiative, and dare to take risks if they are given the facilities to develop their entrepreneurial spirit at school. Practical learning, training in innovative product creation, and business management simulations help students understand and apply entrepreneurial principles efficiently. Schools are expected to be a sustainable place for developing students' entrepreneurial character through targeted outreach and instruction. This method not only improves students' knowledge and skills, but also builds independence and innovation, which can help students prepare for the world of work, business, and industry. The goal is to foster an entrepreneurial culture focused on developing personal potential, thereby producing independent, adaptive, highly competitive graduates who are ready to face global challenges.