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Marriage administration services are a form of public service that has important legal and social implications for the community. The Office of Religious Affairs (KUA), as a technical implementing unit of the Ministry of Religious Affairs, plays a strategic role in providing legal certainty regarding marital status. This study aims to analyze the quality of public services and public perceptions of marriage administration services at the Office of Religious Affairs in South Dumai District. This study used a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies, with purposively selected informants consisting of KUA officers and community service users. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results show that the quality of public services at the KUA in South Dumai District is generally in the good category, particularly in the dimensions of responsiveness, reliability, and assurance. However, the tangible and empathy dimensions still require improvement, particularly related to limited infrastructure and individual attention to the community. This study confirms that the effectiveness of marriage administration services is determined not only by the performance of the apparatus, but also by the level of understanding and readiness of the community as service users. These findings provide important implications for improving the quality of public services through strengthening socialization, procedural transparency, and a more user-oriented service approach.

This metaanalysis examines gender differences in science engagement and achievement across primary and secondary education levels. By synthesizing data from over 50 studies conducted in various educational settings, the research identifies patterns in attitudes, performance, and engagement between male and female students. The analysis reveals that gender disparities in science achievement are minimal; however, engagement and interest levels show significant variances, with implications for educational strategies aimed at fostering equal engagement in science.

This study investigates the role of strategic leadership in influencing organizational performance in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) across Asia. The research identifies leadership styles that contribute to enhancing the competitiveness and sustainability of SMEs. A quantitative approach was employed to analyze data from SMEs in countries such as Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand. The results suggest that transformational leadership, strategic decision-making, and a focus on employee development are key determinants of performance. The paper concludes by discussing the implications for leaders of SMEs in developing countries and offers policy recommendations to foster SME growth.

PDAM tariffs and policies have a very important role in maintaining the availability of clean water and quality services for the community. Economically, the tariffs set by PDAM enable the provision of clean water in a sustainable manner with operational finance, infrastructure maintenance, and investment in developing the water distribution network. This research aims to reveal the impact of PDAM Tirtanadi's tariff adjustment policy on customer satisfaction. Adjusting air tariffs is an important step for PDAMs to finance infrastructure maintenance and operations, but this can also have an impact on customer satisfaction. The research method used is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Qualitative research makes it possible to describe phenomena in depth, including the impact of PDAM Tirtanadi's tariff policy on customer satisfaction. In the descriptive method, the main focus is on a detailed and in-depth description of the observed phenomenon, without carrying out statistical analysis. The data used in this research comes from writings contained in books, scientific journals, previous research and through interviews with customers and related parties of PDAM Tirtanadi Medan Denai Branch during college internships. The results of this research indicate that the tariff adjustment policy creates hopes and concerns among customers, who hope that service quality will increase in line with tariff increases. In addition, this research also identifies factors that influence customer perceptions of tariff policies, including the quality of services provided, transparency in the use of funds, and responsiveness to customer complaints. The implications of this research are the importance of considering customer needs and expectations in designing adequate tariff policies, as well as the importance of transparency and accountability in providing public services such as the provision of drinking water.    

This study aims to explore the influence of the social environment on the communication patterns of adolescents in urban areas. A qualitative approach is used to understand how factors such as family, peers, school environment, social media, local culture, socioeconomic status, globalization, and physical environment influence the way adolescents communicate. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, focus group discussions and case studies. The respondents in this study were 100 respondents from teenagers in Bandung city.The results showed that family has a central role in shaping adolescents' communication skills, with supportive parenting increasing openness and communication effectiveness. Peers also have a significant influence, where adolescents adjust their communication style to gain social acceptance. School environments that support open and participatory communication have been shown to improve adolescents' communication skills, while the use of social media and modern technology changes the mode and frequency of communication, although sometimes reducing face-to-face interactions.Local culture and urbanization introduce adolescents to more modern and dynamic communication styles, while socioeconomic status affects access to education and technology, which in turn affects communication skills. Globalization and exposure to foreign cultures broaden adolescents' communication horizons, allowing interaction with various groups. Finally, the urban physical environment, including public facilities and population density, affects adolescents' interaction and communication patterns.  The findings provide implications for policies and interventions aimed at improving adolescents' communication skills through a holistic approach involving family, school, community, and management of social media use.

This research aims to increase student engagement in entrepreneurial activities, with a focus on marketing and product sales strategies. The results showed that students’ interest in entrepreneurship is high, and marketing and sales skills are the main reference in implementing their business ideas. Thus, this study developed and tested practical training strategies, including product sales simulations, group work, and mentoring by business practitioners on campus. The implementation of these strategies significantly improved students’ marketing and sales skills. The results of this entrepreneurial practice provided students with valuable insights into the key success factors in entrepreneurship. The findings contribute to the practical and academic understanding of efforts to increase student engagement in entrepreneurship, particularly through the development of product marketing and sales skills, with implications that can help individual students when they want to be entrepreneurial.

This article examines how globalization influences cultural identity, focusing on urban environments where diverse cultures converge. The study assesses changes in traditions, language, and customs in cities across different continents. Findings suggest that globalization, while promoting cultural exchange, often leads to a gradual erosion of traditional practices in favor of more standardized global lifestyles. The implications of these changes indicate a complex relationship between cultural preservation and global integration, highlighting the need for balanced approaches to retain local heritage.

This study aims to evaluate the influence of Hebrew 10:36-based drill methods on student activity in Cibojong SDN. The results of the hypothesis test showed a significant influence, with a correlation value (R) of 0.950. The validity and reliability test stated that the data used was valid and reliable. The normality test showed normal distribution in the data population, while the linearity test rejected H0 and concluded the influence of the drill method on student activity. The data analysis concluded that there was a significant positive correlation between the Drill method and student activity of 94%. The findings of the study are supported by researchers' observations of students at Cibojong SDN, emphasizing the importance of physical, psychological, and environmental support in improving student activity. In this context, research concludes that the method of drill based on Hebrews 10:36 has a significant positive influence on student activity in Cibojong SDN. The practical implications of this study suggest the need for a learning approach involving drill methods to enhance student participation and understanding. The study also validated the initial hypothesis with a confidence rate of 94%, confirming that the drill method is effective in improving student activity in accordance with the theory and observational findings.

Bible Camp activities have emerged as one of the effective methods in adolescent character development, particularly in the context of introducing religious and moral values. This research aims to describe and analyze the impacts of Bible Camp activities as a community service initiative on adolescent character development in GGP Sanggbuana. Data collection methods were conducted through participatory observation, interviews, and documentary studies. The research findings indicate that Bible Camp activities are capable of positively contributing to adolescent character formation through the dissemination of moral and religious values, the development of social skills, and the reinforcement of community bonds. The implications of these findings underscore the need to continually promote and develop similar activities as part of community service efforts to strengthen adolescent character at the local level.

This qualitative literature review explores how strategic openness reshapes corporate restructuring practices, particularly in contexts of financial distress and institutional change. Drawing on recent empirical and conceptual studies, the review synthesizes findings from over 60 peer-reviewed sources to examine the impact of transparency, stakeholder engagement, and participatory strategy-making on organizational turnaround. The study reveals that openness fosters reflexive capabilities, enhances legitimacy, and enables adaptive strategic responses to crisis. However, it also uncovers tensions such as coordination complexity and the paradox of urgency versus inclusivity. The findings contribute to a broader understanding of open strategy as a viable governance mechanism in restructuring regimes and offer policy insights for integrating participatory principles into corporate recovery frameworks. This review emphasizes the importance of openness as a strategic capability that can facilitate resilient and sustainable organizational renewal in turbulent environments

The application of appropriate technology has an important role in increasing the production capacity and product quality of MSMEs. This service aims to increase the production capacity of Safnur MSMEs in Lengkong Village, Rakit District, Banjarnegara Regency through the implementation of a spinner tool. The results of the service showed that the use of the spinner tool succeeded in increasing production capacity from 10 kg to 15 kg per day, as well as reducing drying time by up to 66%. In addition, the quality of banana chips products also increases significantly with lower oil content, resulting in products that are crisper and last longer. The training and assistance provided to Safnur MSME workers ensures optimal use of spinner tools, increasing production efficiency and consistency. The implications of the results of this service are not only increasing income and business sustainability of Safnur MSMEs but also opening up new job opportunities for the surrounding community. This success can be used as a model for the development of other MSMEs in the area. Recommendations are given for the continued use of spinner tools and the development of MSMEs through appropriate technology support, ongoing training, and collaboration with the government and related institutions.

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence tax avoidance in pharmaceutical sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The independent variables analyzed in this study include profitability, sales growth, and leverage. This study uses secondary data in the form of annual financial reports of companies obtained from the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The method used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis with samples selected through purposive sampling method. This study examines the effect of each independent variable on tax avoidance, which is measured using the Effective Tax Rate (ETR) proxy. The results of the study indicate that profitability has a significant effect on tax avoidance, where companies with higher levels of profitability tend to avoid taxes. Meanwhile, sales growth has a significant effect on tax avoidance. Leverage also shows a positive effect on tax avoidance, indicating that companies with high debt levels tend to use interest expenses to reduce their tax liabilities. This study provides implications for regulators and policy makers to strengthen supervision of tax avoidance practices, especially in companies that have certain characteristics such as high profitability sales growth and leverage.

This study discusses the crucial role of parents in building the religious foundation of children, focusing on the perspective of Christian religious education theology. Parents are viewed as primary agents in shaping the faith and spiritual values ​​of children. Through a theological approach, this study explores how parents can fulfill their role as religious educators within the household. Concepts such as communal prayer, scripture reading, and other religious practices are important in building the religious foundation of children. Additionally, the study outlines the importance of parents understanding Christian theology as the basis for the religious education of their children. By considering the principles of Christian religious education theology, parents can guide their children towards healthy spiritual growth and strengthen their relationship with God. Practical implications of this study include the implementation of contextual and relevant religious education methods tailored to the needs of children, as well as parents' efforts to consistently serve as models of faith for them. Thus, a profound understanding of the role of parents in building the religious foundation of children from the perspective of Christian religious education theology can provide valuable guidance for religious education practices at the household level.

This study examines the impact of differentiated learning models in inclusive educational settings, focusing on their effect on student participation, motivation, and academic performance. Differentiated instruction (DI) adapts content, teaching methods, and assessments to meet the diverse learning styles, interests, and abilities of students. Using a mixed methods approach, the research combines quantitative and qualitative data to explore how DI influences engagement and academic outcomes in diverse classrooms. The findings show that DI significantly increased student participation, as lessons tailored to individual strengths encouraged more active involvement. Motivation also improved, with students displaying higher intrinsic motivation when engaging with relevant material at their own pace. Additionally, academic performance improved, especially for students who had struggled with traditional teaching methods. These results suggest that DI is an effective strategy for inclusive education, particularly for students with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND). The study emphasizes the importance of teacher training and ongoing professional development for successful DI implementation. The implications are significant for global educational settings, where classrooms are becoming more diverse. By adopting differentiated strategies, educators can create more equitable and inclusive learning experiences. Future research should explore the long-term effects of DI in various cultural and educational contexts.

This study explores the relationship between digital literacy and student engagement in language education. With the increasing integration of technology in modern education, digital literacy has become a fundamental skill, influencing various aspects of academic participation. The research employs a correlational design and utilizes Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze the impact of digital literacy on cognitive, behavioral, and emotional engagement in language learning. The findings suggest that students with higher levels of digital literacy demonstrate greater cognitive engagement, including improved critical thinking and problem-solving abilities. Additionally, digital literacy was found to positively influence behavioral engagement, such as increased participation, effort, and persistence in learning tasks. Furthermore, emotional engagement, measured by students' enjoyment, interest, and sense of belonging, was strongly associated with digital literacy. This study highlights the critical role of digital literacy in fostering deeper engagement and improving overall learning outcomes in language education. Implications for practice include the integration of digital literacy skills into language curricula, with educators encouraged to incorporate digital tools to enhance engagement. The study also calls for further research to examine the long-term effects of digital literacy on academic performance and to explore the potential disparities in digital literacy levels across different student populations. As educational technology continues to evolve, understanding its impact on student engagement remains essential for developing effective teaching practices that meet the needs of contemporary learners.

The learning of physics, particularly mechanics, poses significant challenges for high school students. Concepts such as Newton’s laws, energy, and three-dimensional vectors are often difficult to grasp using traditional teaching methods. Virtual Reality (VR) has emerged as a promising solution by providing an immersive and interactive learning environment. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of VR-based learning media in enhancing students’ understanding of physics concepts, with a specific focus on mechanics. An experimental design was employed, consisting of two groups: an experimental group using VR for learning and a control group receiving traditional instruction. Pre-test and post-test assessments were used to measure the improvement in students' conceptual understanding of physics. The findings indicate that students in the experimental group demonstrated a significant improvement in their understanding of complex physics concepts, such as projectile motion, force, and Newton’s laws, compared to the control group. Students in the experimental group also exhibited higher levels of engagement and motivation, with VR's immersive nature encouraging active participation in learning. The study concludes that VR is an effective tool for enhancing students’ comprehension of abstract and complex physics concepts, improving their visualization and problem-solving skills. Furthermore, VR-based learning provides students with opportunities to conduct virtual experiments and simulations that may not be possible in traditional classroom settings. The implications of this study suggest that VR should be integrated into the physics curriculum to improve learning outcomes, especially in schools with access to the necessary technology. Educators and curriculum developers are encouraged to explore VR’s potential in fostering a more engaging and effective physics education.

The rapid spread of infectious diseases remains a major global health threat, and early detection is vital to minimize their impact. This research investigates the role of predictive modeling using big data in the early detection of infectious disease outbreaks. The primary objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of big data systems in forecasting potential outbreaks and the implications of these forecasts for public health systems. The study employs machine learning-based predictive models to process large health datasets, including electronic health records, sensor data, and social media information. The results demonstrate that the predictive model achieved an accuracy rate of 87%, significantly surpassing traditional methods in terms of early detection. By integrating various data sources such as medical records, sensor networks, and real-time digital traces, the system is capable of providing more accurate, timely predictions, which can greatly improve the ability of public health authorities to respond effectively to emerging health threats. Furthermore, the application of big data in public health not only improves the speed of response but also enhances the allocation of resources, allowing for more targeted and efficient interventions. Despite these successes, challenges remain, particularly in relation to data quality, privacy, and regulatory issues, which could hinder the broader implementation of such systems. Thus, collaboration between government agencies, healthcare institutions, and technology developers is essential to overcome these obstacles and ensure the sustainable integration of big data into public health infrastructures. This research highlights the significant potential of big data to transform public health responses, offering valuable insights for future epidemic management strategies.  

Economic growth serves as a crucial indicator in evaluating the well-being of a country. This study analyzes the economic growth of Indonesia and Malaysia from 2017 to 2023, taking into account the impact of inflation on the achievement of economic goals. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a literature review through literature analysis. The results reveal that the economic structures of both countries share similarities, particularly in the sectors of agriculture, forestry, and mining. Indonesia's economic growth tends to be higher than Malaysia's during this period, despite experiencing fluctuations. The sectoral contributions to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) indicate the dominance of the industrial sector in both economies. The significance of economic growth is also considered by examining the inflation rates. Indonesia consistently experiences higher inflation rates than Malaysia, potentially indicating challenges in maintaining macroeconomic stability. Higher inflation rates in Indonesia can impact the well-being of the population and create instability in the prices of goods and services. This research provides insights into the dynamics of economic growth and inflation in Indonesia and Malaysia, as well as their implications for achieving economic development goals. The success of a country in attaining sustainable economic growth requires special attention to factors such as economic structure, sectoral contributions, and inflation stability.

Education has experienced rapid development along with the growing technological advances. This can happen because of the learning methods and systems supported by digital technology. This development shows the strong influence of the digital era. In the learning process, especially Christian Religious Education, one must have the ability to choose the right approach and method according to the material and learning objectives. The method used in this research is a qualitative literature/descriptive study. The purpose of this research is to explore various methods and digital technologies that can be used in Christianity learning, as well as evaluating their impact on students' understanding, learning motivation, and active participation in Christianity materials. The results of this discussion explain the learning methods that Christian Religious Education can use in this increasingly sophisticated digital era. The implication is that there is better accessibility in learning. To achieve these implications, it is necessary to transform learning methods to help each student understand and face moral dilemmas that arise in the use of technology in line with Christian teachings on ethics and morality.

Generative artificial intelligence tools have recently attracted a great deal of attention. This is because of their huge advantages, which include ease of usage, quick generation of answers to requests, and the human-like intelligence they possess. This paper presents a vivid comparative analysis of the top 9 generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools, namely ChatGPT, Perplexity AI, YouChat, ChatSonic, Google's Bard, Microsoft Bing Assistant, HuggingChat, Jasper AI, and Quora's Poe, paying attention to the Pros and Cons each of the AI tools presents. This comparative analysis shows that the generative AI tools have several Pros that outweigh the Cons. Further, we explore the transformative impact of generative AI in Natural Language Processing (NLP), focusing on its integration with search engines, privacy concerns, and ethical implications. A comparative analysis categorizes generative AI tools based on popularity and evaluates challenges in development, including data limitations and computational costs. The study highlights ethical considerations such as technology misuse and regulatory challenges. Additionally, we delved into AI Planning techniques in NLP, covering classical planning, probabilistic planning, hierarchical planning, temporal planning, knowledge-driven planning, and neural planning models. These planning approaches are vital in achieving specific goals in NLP tasks. In conclusion, we provide a concise overview of the current state of generative AI, including its challenges, ethical considerations, and potential applications, contributing to the academic discourse on human-computer interaction.