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The Society 5.0 era demands that teachers adapt to technological advancements and the increasingly complex needs of society. Teachers are no longer just educators but also facilitators, mentors, and agents of change who can utilize technology in the learning process without abandoning human values. The teaching profession in this era emphasizes digital technology mastery, data literacy, creativity, and the development of students' character with a humanistic approach. This transformation aligns with the integration of technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and big data into social life. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach through literature review to explain the core concepts of the teaching profession, required competencies, challenges faced, and strategies for implementing technology in education. Teachers in the Society 5.0 era must master four main competencies: pedagogical, personal, social, and professional, as outlined in national education policy. Major challenges include unequal access to technology, infrastructure readiness, and issues of digital ethics and security. Therefore, synergy between the government, educational institutions, and society is essential. Strategies such as project-based learning, the use of AI, and empathy-driven approaches are crucial to maintaining a balance between technological advancement and humanistic values in education.

Descriptive research in the field of education is a study that aims to provide a detailed description of various problems in the world of education, both from technical and non-technical aspects. The main objective of this study is to examine the basic principles of descriptive research in the field of education. The method used is a qualitative approach with a literature study design, where researchers examine various relevant sources such as books, scientific journals, research reports, and other references related to the topic. The findings of this study indicate that descriptive research plays an important role in describing the real conditions that occur in the world of education. This approach allows researchers to recognize, describe, and analyze various elements that influence the process and outcomes of education. Information generated from descriptive research can be used by educators, policy makers, and other related parties in developing educational strategies that are more targeted and in accordance with the needs of students.

The development of the era has influenced children's play patterns, who are now more familiar with digital games than traditional games. In fact, traditional games have educational and cultural values ​​that are important for the development of children's gross motor skills and psychomotor skills. This study uses a literature study method by analyzing 15 relevant articles to examine the contribution of traditional games to early childhood development. The results of the study show that traditional games such as catapults, jump rope, and gobak sodor can improve children's coordination, balance, and social skills through interaction and cooperation. This game not only strengthens large muscles, but also shapes children's character holistically, including empathy, responsibility, and decision making. Therefore, it is important for parents and educators to preserve and integrate traditional games in learning activities as a means of stimulating children's overall development.  

The nursing education process was implemented through clinical practice in hospitals. However, the heavy workload of nurses and clinical instructors often hindered the optimal provision of guidance to students. Therefore, efforts were necessary to enhance the competencies of nursing educators and clinical instructors. The development of these competencies required support from both formal and non-formal education. One form of non-formal education was the implementation of preceptorship and mentorship training programs. These programs were expected to strengthen the quality of student guidance in clinical settings. The methods employed included lectures, role-playing, and hands-on application in inpatient care units. The training outcomes indicated a significant improvement in the clinical instructors’ ability to effectively carry out preceptorship and mentorship roles.

Early childhood development is a crucial phase in human life, marked by rapid changes in physical, cognitive, social, and emotional domains. This study aims to explore in depth the growth process and unique characteristics of early childhood using a qualitative approach through literature review methods. The findings reveal that young children possess high curiosity, vivid imagination, and strong dependence on adults in learning and social behavior formation. Physical development progresses rapidly, while cognitive and socio-emotional development are significantly influenced by environmental stimulation, parenting style, and social interaction. Understanding these characteristics and developmental needs allows educators and parents to implement more effective approaches in supporting children's growth. This study emphasizes the importance of creating a safe, supportive, and responsive environment as a foundation for future educational success and character building.

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a major transformation in the education system, bringing both opportunities and challenges due to the unfamiliar nature of remote learning. This study aims to explore how online English instruction has been implemented in public senior high schools across Bali, particularly by examining its strengths, limitations, potential benefits, and inherent risks. Employing a qualitative research design, the study involved four English teachers from four different public high schools. Data collection methods included literature analysis, in-depth interviews, and classroom observations.. The study found that online English instruction was shaped by the English for Specific Purposes (ESP) approach, with a particular emphasis on content relevant to the tourism and hospitality sectors. A variety of platforms—such as Zoom, WhatsApp, and other digital tools—were employed to deliver instruction. One of the key advantages identified was the flexibility in time and location, which allowed both students and teachers to access learning materials anytime and anywhere. Furthermore, the availability of diverse digital tools enabled teachers to creatively adapt their teaching strategies. Nonetheless, the implementation also encountered significant barriers, including inconsistent internet access and a lack of adequate digital infrastructure. The study also highlighted opportunities arising from increasing student digital literacy and the expanding use of online learning platforms, which fostered more interactive and engaging learning environments. However, several challenges remained, including low awareness among parents and varying levels of digital competence among educators, which affected the overall effectiveness of the program. The findings underscore the urgent need for sustained teacher training and institutional

In the context of improving the quality of early childhood education, educational management plays a central role. Effective and efficient management is able to manage various existing resources optimally so as to create a conducive and quality learning environment. In addition, management is also responsible for designing learning programs that are in accordance with the needs of child development, supervising, evaluating, and providing training and professional development for educators. Thus, the role of management is not only administrative, but also strategic in improving the quality of early childhood education services. This research is a type of literature study. Library Research refers to a series of broad and systematic activities that are closely related to various sophisticated methodologies used in careful library data collection, comprehensive reading and accurate recording of relevant information, and complex processing of various research materials. Based on the results of the literature, the data collected shows that the role of management in improving the quality of early childhood education (PAUD) is very complex and multidimensional. The studies reviewed underline the importance of comprehensive planning, including the development of relevant curricula, the provision of adequate facilities and infrastructure, and the management of quality human resources. In addition, efficient organization, effective program implementation, and structured supervision have also been shown to contribute significantly to improving the quality of PAUD.

The rapid development of digital technology has brought significant changes to the field of education, including movement and dance learning for early childhood. In the context of Early Childhood Education (ECE), technology integration has been proven to enhance engagement, creativity, and cognitive development in children aged 5-6 years. This study aims to examine the extent of technology use in dance learning at RA Bunayya 2. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through observations and interviews with educators. The research findings indicate that technological tools such as projectors and digital screens enhance children's focus, participation, and creativity in dance activities. Additionally, various supporting technologies, including mobile phones, cameras, microphones, and projectors, are utilized to enrich the learning experience, making the educational process more interactive and engaging. However, challenges such as unstable internet connections and varying levels of concentration among children require careful implementation. This study highlights the importance of balancing technology use in ECE, ensuring that digital tools serve as a support rather than replacing conventional pedagogical approaches.

This article explores the integral relationship between faith and reason within the framework of Catholic education, emphasizing their philosophical foundations in fostering holistic human formation. Drawing on the rich tradition of Catholic thought—from the works of St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas to contemporary Catholic educators—the paper examines how the harmony between faith and reason serves as a foundation for personal, moral, and intellectual development. It argues that a balanced integration of theological and philosophical perspectives not only enhances critical thinking and spiritual depth but also promotes the formation of individuals who are intellectually competent, ethically grounded, and socially responsible. The study highlights the necessity of reaffirming this relationship in today’s educational context, where secularism and relativism often challenge the coherence of truth, meaning, and purpose in education.

The integration of machine learning (ML) into English language teaching is gaining traction due to its potential to support personalized learning and increase student engagement. However, its implementation presents critical challenges. Many educators lack the pedagogical training needed to use ML tools effectively, such as adaptive learning platforms and automated assessment systems. Institutional approaches often remain fragmented and reactive, offering limited support, vague curricular links, and few opportunities for collaboration. Ethical concerns—such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and diminished teacher autonomy—further complicate the adoption process. This study employs a qualitative library research method to examine recent literature on ML in English education and teacher preparation. Results emphasize the need for inclusive training strategies, including blended learning, mentorship, and AI-focused modules, that enable teachers to use ML tools thoughtfully and ethically. Yet these efforts are still limited in reach, highlighting the importance of systemic reforms that ensure ethical and equitable ML integration across diverse educational contexts.

This article analyzes the Pentecostal charismatic pedagogy of Peter Hocken in the context of Christian Religious Education (CRE), focusing on the integration of the Holy Spirit's experience and a transformative learning approach. Through theological and pedagogical studies, this research examines how Hocken emphasizes the role of spiritual gifts, worship, and faith community as central elements in Christian Religious Education (CRE). Unlike the traditional cognitive-doctrinal model of Christian education, Hocken's approach offers a holistic experiential learning paradigm. This article also explores the challenges of its implementation, including criticism from a conservative theological perspective regarding the potential for subjectivity and the lack of emphasis on systematic doctrine. Furthermore, this research highlights the relevance of Hocken's pedagogy in the context of the global church, particularly in the Global South and Messianic Jewish communities, where charismatic dimensions and local cultures interact. The findings indicate that although this model provides a new dynamic for CRE, its success depends on the educators' ability to balance charismatic freedom with a measurable learning structure. This article concludes that Hocken's thinking not only enriches the discourse on Charismatic/Pentecostal education but also broadly challenges the church to rethink the approach to CRE in the contemporary era.

Evaluation plays a crucial role in supporting the science learning process (IPA) in schools. Through evaluation, educators can assess the level of success achieved during the teaching and learning process. Although the implementation of science learning evaluations varies between schools, this diversity results in a range of evaluation outcomes. This study aims to provide an overview of the evaluation patterns used in science education at the school level. It employs a qualitative approach through a literature review (library research), utilizing techniques such as reading, note-taking, and analyzing relevant sources. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that greater attention needs to be given to the evaluation process in science learning. A well-structured and properly implemented evaluation can enhance the effectiveness of learning while encouraging teachers to continually improve the quality of their instruction. Moreover, evaluation serves to foster student motivation and engagement in learning. Therefore, considering the significant benefits of evaluation in science education, teachers are advised to optimize each stage of the evaluation process in a comprehensive and continuous manner.

Language acquisition is a fundamental aspect of early childhood development, particularly in learning color vocabulary, which plays a crucial role in cognitive, linguistic, and social growth. However, empirical data show that approximately 47.3% of Indonesian children aged 3-5 experience delays in recognizing colors, potentially hindering their overall language and cognitive development. This study aims to analyze the process of language acquisition in learning color vocabulary among children aged 3-5 years using a psycholinguistic approach, as well as to explore teaching methods employed by teachers at PAUD An-Najah Rowosari Tembalang, Semarang. A qualitative descriptive method was used, involving 20 children, teachers, and parents as informants. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results reveal variations in color vocabulary acquisition: 30% of children showed significant progress, 50% demonstrated good development, and 20% required intensive assistance. Influencing factors include home stimulation, teaching methods, and psychological aspects of the children. This research enriches psycholinguistic studies, supports the development of effective teaching methods, and provides guidance for parents and educators in fostering early childhood language development, especially in color recognition.

Islamic Religious Education (IRE) plays a crucial role in shaping the moral character of students at the elementary school level. However, learning methods used in IRE classrooms often remain conventional and teacher-centered, resulting in low student engagement and limited understanding of religious material. In response to the educational demands of the 21st century, a transformation in learning strategies is necessary. This study explores the implementation of active learning methods Card Sort, The Power of Two, and Snowballing as innovative approaches to revitalize IRE instruction. Using a qualitative descriptive method, data were gathered through classroom observations, in-depth interviews with teachers and students, and supporting documentation. The findings reveal that Card Sort enhances students’ ability to visually organize and connect religious concepts, The Power of Two facilitates deeper comprehension through peer discussion, and Snowballing promotes collaborative knowledge construction in stages. These methods contribute to a more interactive, student-centered, and meaningful learning process. Moreover, the integration of these strategies helps improve students' critical thinking, communication, and social-emotional skills while strengthening their internalization of Islamic values. Despite challenges such as instructional planning and classroom management, active learning techniques offer promising potential to transform IRE learning into a dynamic and participatory experience. The study provides practical recommendations for educators and school administrators to develop more effective and engaging IRE strategies.

This study aims to analyze gender representation and family dynamics in the Indonesian film Dua Garis Biru (2019), focusing on the roles, responsibilities, and social stigma experienced by teenage characters after an extramarital pregnancy. This research uses a qualitative content analysis method of scenes, dialog, and character development in the film. The study is based on gender theory and sociocultural perspectives to explore how male and female roles are shaped, contrasted, or reinforced. The results showed strong inequalities in the division of responsibilities, with female characters disproportionately bearing the emotional and social consequences. The role of the family, influenced by traditional values and social pressures, largely determines the decisions and autonomy of the teenage couple. The film also reveals the stigmatization of women's sexuality and motherhood outside the institution of marriage, but at the same time shows a change in perspective between generations. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how contemporary Indonesian cinema reflects and challenges prevailing gender norms and family expectations. The implications of this study are important for educators and counselors in addressing gender bias and stigma among teenagers through media literacy.  

Quality education relies on educators who meet specific qualifications, including formal education and certification. The qualifications of educators are regulated by Law No. 14 of 2005 and the Minister of National Education Regulation, emphasizing the necessity of pedagogical, personal, and professional competencies. Observational results indicate that the majority of teachers at SDN 25 have met the established qualifications, with several teachers already certified. This reflects a commitment to improving teaching quality and positively impacting students. With adequate qualifications, educators are better prepared to face the evolving challenges of education, thereby providing quality and relevant education for future generations.

Leadership plays a crucial role in shaping a better future, particularly within the context of education. This article examines the significance of leadership education as a foundation for developing future leaders who are characterized by integrity, vision, and competence. Through both theoretical and practical approaches, this study explores the fundamental leadership principles relevant to the educational sphere and effective strategies for their implementation. Leadership education is not merely a process of knowledge transfer but also an effort to build character and strengthen moral values. Therefore, leadership education plays a pivotal role in producing a new generation of leaders capable of facing global challenges wisely and responsibly. This article is expected to provide fresh insights for educators, educational leaders, and policymakers in formulating holistic and sustainable educational programs.

Talent management is a crucial element in human resource (HR) management in Islamic educational institutions to achieve optimal education quality. This study aims to examine the HR talent management process in Islamic educational institutions with a focus on aspects of recruitment, development, spiritual and moral guidance, performance evaluation, career development, and talent identification. The research method used is quantitative descriptive with data collection through questionnaires distributed to 30 educators and staff in Islamic educational institutions. The results of data analysis show that the talent management process has been carried out effectively, with an average score above 4.0 for all aspects analyzed. This study recommends improving the evaluation system and spiritual guidance as the key to sustainable HR development in Islamic education.

Educational evaluation plays a crucial role in improving educational standards, especially in the digital era characterized by advancements in information technology. This study aims to identify how effective evaluation can enhance the quality of education through the use of digital tools. The method used is qualitative descriptive with a literature review approach, where data is collected through analysis and description of information from various sources, including books and journal articles. The results indicate that digital-based evaluations, such as the use of online platforms and assessment applications, improve the accuracy and efficiency in collecting student learning data. Additionally, formative evaluations conducted continuously provide constructive feedback, enhance student motivation, and allow for curriculum adjustments that are more responsive to learning needs. Challenges faced, such as evaluator subjectivity and technological access gaps, were also identified but can be addressed through training and capacity building for educators and students.

This study explores the transformation of Moksha Patam, a traditional Indian board game rooted in spiritual and moral education, into the globally commercialized game Snakes and Ladders. Originally designed to teach concepts like karma and moksha, the game was secularized during British colonialism and later commodified in the West, losing its original cultural and pedagogical meanings. Using a qualitative library research method, the paper analyzes historical texts, colonial records, and contemporary versions to examine how the game’s symbolism has evolved. Despite widespread homogenization, modern adaptations in countries like Indonesia, Pakistan, and Iran reflect local values and current social issues, indicating the game’s ongoing relevance and semiotic flexibility. Recent efforts by Indian educators and NGOs to reintroduce Moksha Patam into schools highlight a broader movement toward cultural reclamation and decolonized education. The study underscores the need to recognize and preserve indigenous knowledge systems in modern learning environments.