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Bekasam is a traditional Indonesian fermented food produced through spontaneous fermentation involving microorganisms, particularly lactic acid bacteria (LAB). LAB plays a crucial role in the fermentation process by producing lactic acid, which lowers pH, inhibits pathogenic microbial growth, and enhances flavor and food safety. This study aimed to identify and characterize LAB isolated from fermented snakehead fish (Channa striata) based on Gram staining and colony morphology. The research began with bacterial isolation using NA Nutrient Agar, followed by macroscopic observation of colony characteristics including shape, edge, elevation, color, and size. Subsequently, Gram staining was performed to determine the cell wall structure and microscopic morphology of the bacteria. The results showed that the bacterial isolates from bekasam generally had circular colonies, white to cream in color, smooth surface, and were Gram-positive rod-shaped cells. In conclusion, bekasam from snakehead fish contains dominant lactic acid bacteria with distinctive colony morphology and Gram-positive characteristics, indicating potential as a natural starter culture for food fermentation.

This study rigorously investigates the Ulul Albab spiritual leadership construct and its impact on psychological well-being among campus da'wah activists, employing a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) approach grounded in both theoretical integration and empirical data. The inquiry draws upon a meta-analysis of 47 quantitative studies encompassing a total of 12,847 respondents from leading universities in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei Darussalam, spanning the years 2018 to 2024. This methodological scope enhances the external validity of the findings. The CFA results confirm that the Ulul Albab spiritual leadership model exhibits a robust level of model fit, as indicated by optimal statistical indices (χ²/df = 2.34; CFI = 0.956; TLI = 0.943; RMSEA = 0.047; SRMR = 0.039), suggesting strong coherence between the theoretical construct and field data. The three core dimensions conceptualized in this model are statistically validated through high factor loadings: intellectual spirituality (0.847), Islamic transformational leadership (0.823), and emotional-spiritual intelligence (0.791), each serving as integral pillars of the Ulul Albab paradigm. Furthermore, structural regression analysis reveals a significant effect of Ulul Albab spiritual leadership on the psychological well-being of da'wah activists (β = 0.673; p < 0.001; R² = 0.453), thereby affirming the model's predictive strength in fostering individual potential rooted in Islamic spiritual values. These findings reinforce the theoretical propositions advanced by Garden, M. (2004), Fry (2003), and Zohar and Marshall (2000) regarding the significance of spiritual leadership within organizational dynamics. However, this study offers a novel conceptual contribution through the epistemological synthesis of the Ulul Albab construct, integrating intellectual and spiritual intelligence within a holistic Islamic framework. Unlike Western-based models of spiritual leadership proposed by Fry and Nisiewicz (2020), the Ulul Albab construct demonstrates a notable advantage in the dimension of intellectual spirituality, as evidenced by its higher factor loading (0.847 compared to 0.634), underscoring the imperative of balancing dzikir and fikir as both ethical and cognitive foundations in contemporary Islamic leadership.

Nutritional problems among elementary school-aged children remain a critical public health issue in Indonesia. A lack of family understanding regarding the importance of balanced nutrition is one of the key contributing factors to the high rates of stunting and malnutrition. This community service activity aims to improve family awareness of children's nutrition through an educational approach tailored to the families’ social, economic, and cultural characteristics. The program was conducted at SD Inpres Laikang, involving 60 families. The methods included identification of family characteristics, focus group discussions (FGDs), interactive lectures, and pre-and post-test evaluations. The results showed an improvement in nutritional understanding among 87% of participants, along with healthier dietary behavior changes at home. This approach adapts the principles of the Harvard Public Health Nutrition Model, which views the family as a systemic unit in shaping children's eating habits. Education based on family characteristics has proven effective and relevant in supporting sustainable nutrition literacy improvement.

Education is the learning of knowledge, skills, and habits of a group of people that are passed down from one generation to the next through teaching, training, or research. Education often occurs under the guidance of others, but is also possible autodidactically. The etymology of the word Education comes from the Latin "Educare" which means "to educate" or to nurture, learning motivation is the desire that arises in students that causes learning activities to occur. The existence of learning motivation will ensure the sustainability of learning activities and provide direction to learning activities so that the goals desired by the learning subject can be achieved. And intrinsic value refers to the actual and fundamental value of a learning, and intrinsic value is used in learning in the formation of student values ​​in the ongoing learning process, in this study involved 306 student respondents from all over the Jabodetabek area with the value of the regression test measured into the coefficient b result of 0.286 for every 1% addition it will increase by 1,060 which is measured in the regression value equation Y = 0.286 - 1.060 and also the criteria for adding ha at 0.000 which means less than 0.05 which means there is no significance in the regression test properly.

This research investigates how habits of mind contribute to the success of students' mathematical problem-solving strategies. Using a quantitative method with a correlational survey approach, data were gathered from 76 junior high school students selected via purposive sampling. The instrument used was a questionnaire that focused on two aspects: students' habits of mind and mathematical problem-solving approaches. The analysis using simple linear regression revealed a notable correlation between habits of mind and students' problem-solving strategy effectiveness. The coefficient of determination (R²) was 0.719, indicating that 71.9% of the variation in effectiveness can be explained by habits of mind. These results emphasize the importance of integrating habits of mind into mathematics education to help students think more critically, reflectively, and systematically.

Lungs are vital organs in the human respiratory system, responsible for fulfilling the body's oxygen needs. If the lungs experience health problems, it can have adverse effects on the human respiratory system. Common causes of lung diseases are usually due to inhaling air contaminated by dust, smoke, viruses, and bacteria. This study aims to compare the performance of two classification algorithms, namely Random Forest and Naive Bayes, in predicting lung diseases. The data used was obtained from the Kaggle website and processed using RapidMiner software. The attributes involved include smoking habits, pre-existing conditions, staying up late, exercise activities, age, and outcomes. Based on the test results, the Random Forest algorithm demonstrated the best performance with an accuracy of 93%, while the Naive Bayes algorithm achieved an accuracy of 87%. These findings indicate that the Random Forest algorithm outperforms the Naive Bayes algorithm in terms of lung disease prediction accuracy.

This study aims to explore daily activities that can improve ecological moral awareness among students of the Primary School Teacher Education Study Program (PGSD). Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the study focuses on students' daily behaviors such as waste management, energy conservation, and participation in environmental programs. The results show that consistent small habits can shape strong ecological awareness and impact students' character and pedagogical competence. The development of ecological moral awareness is not only essential for students’ personal identity formation but also forms the foundation for instilling character education in elementary school students.

This study analyzes the use of non-standard words in a thesis entitled "Effectiveness of Waste Management Based on Reduce, Reuse, Recycle (TPS 3R) Waste Disposal Sites at TPS Jokotole, Barurambat Timur Village, Pademawu District, Pamekasan Regency". The use of language is an essential thing in communicating, both orally and in writing to convey messages and information so that they are conveyed effectively. However, language errors are often found, especially the use of non-standard words, even by someone who has a deep understanding of Indonesian language rules. The use of standard language is very important to avoid misunderstandings, especially in the context of scientific writing such as theses. This research method uses a descriptive qualitative method with data collected then analyzed, classified, and evaluated standard and non-standard vocabulary based on KBBI. The results of this study indicate that many uses of non-standard words include errors in phonology, morphology, use of the preposition "di", punctuation, and non-standard spelling errors, as well as word wasting. These errors are mostly caused by habits, the influence of foreign languages, and a lack of understanding of standard language rules. The research findings highlight the importance of understanding the application of standard language rules in scientific writing to improve the quality of students' writing.  

This study aims to thoroughly examine the phenomenon of the use of standard and non-standard words found in various types of written texts in public spaces, particularly in promotional media and visual information. The method employed is qualitative descriptive with a content analysis approach. Data were obtained through direct observation of visual elements in public spaces and analyzed with the support of literature from previous studies, including social media posts that reflect the everyday language habits of the community. The study focuses on various visual media such as banners and business signboards that display language use. The results indicate a significant gap between the language rules stipulated in the General Guidelines for Indonesian Spelling (PUEBI) and the Big Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI) and the language practices developed in society. Several factors influencing the use of non-standard words include the community's habitual use of certain forms, the inheritance of habits from previous generations, and the influence of foreign languages and local dialects. The consequences of this phenomenon may include misunderstandings in communication and challenges in maintaining the standard and purity of Indonesian as the national language.  

Advances in technology and computers are utilized in various fields of contemporary applications, especially in cryptography and data security in graph theory applications. By understanding the concepts of graph theory, researchers and developers can design cryptographic algorithms that are stronger, more efficient and resistant to attacks. One of the cryptographic applications that has been implemented is the XNOR algorithm. This algorithm has been applied to encryption and decryption as well as the use of stream ciphers. By using 64 bits, the XNOR algorithm can expand encryption and decryption capabilities and increase the security of encrypted data. In this research, an analysis was carried out regarding information encryption and decryption algorithms with the application and development of the XNOR gate logic circuit method in Boolean algebra and graph theory. This research uses the example of the word MATH, which can be changed into a code or password and vice versa to secure information that you want to keep secret. Apart from that, an analysis of the graph formation of each character in the word MATH was also carried out using Python which produced semi-Euler and Hamilton graphs  

This study conducts a comprehensive comparative analysis of one-tier board supervision mechanisms across Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore, examining the effectiveness of corporate governance frameworks in emerging market contexts. The research employs a doctrinal normative legal methodology, analyzing statutory instruments including Indonesia's Job Creation Law No. 6 of 2023, Malaysia's Companies Act 2016, and Singapore's Companies Act 1967. The introduction of Indonesia's Individual Limited Liability Company (PT Perseorangan) represents a significant paradigmatic shift from traditional two-tier governance structures, necessitating examination of supervisory adequacy within simplified corporate frameworks. The comparative analysis reveals fundamental disparities in regulatory sophistication, with Malaysia and Singapore demonstrating comprehensive fiduciary duty frameworks, mandatory company secretary requirements, and graduated enforcement mechanisms. In contrast, Indonesia's PT Perseorangan exhibits critical institutional deficiencies, including normative conflicts between statutory provisions, limited directorial responsibility regulation, and inadequate enforcement responsiveness. The findings demonstrate that effective one-tier governance systems require sophisticated institutional support mechanisms extending beyond regulatory simplification. Malaysia's stringent Section 213 fiduciary duty provisions and Singapore's technology-enabled enforcement approach provide robust oversight despite absent traditional supervisory boards. The research establishes that successful governance transitions require institutional preparation rather than mere regulatory amendment, with Indonesia's framework requiring substantial reform incorporating company secretary mandates, comprehensive fiduciary duty provisions, and graduated enforcement systems. These findings contribute to institutional theory literature by demonstrating context-dependent governance effectiveness and provide practical recommendations for enhancing corporate accountability in simplified governance structures within emerging market jurisdictions.

Abstract, This research was conducted with the aim of exploring the legal reconstruction efforts based on the Maqasid al-Shari’ah perspective, as reflected in the decision issued by the Supreme Court, in order to provide a legal breakthrough in the distribution of inheritance through the concept of wasiat wajibah (compulsory will) for non-Muslim heirs. The difference in religious affiliation within family law gives rise to serious inheritance issues, as Islamic law strictly prohibits inheritance between people of different religions. In order to maintain national unity and integrity, the Supreme Court issued Decision Number 331 K/AG/2018, which grants the right to a wasiat wajibah to heirs who have converted out of Islam or are non-Muslims. This study is a normative juridical research that employs two legal approaches: the conceptual approach and the analytical approach. The data collection technique used to achieve the research objectives is library-based documentation study. The findings show that all judicial bodies in Indonesia must refer to Article 49, Articles 1 and 2 of the 1989 Law concerning legal provisions on litigation, management, and enforcement of civil litigation in inheritance cases. Furthermore, Qur’an Surah An-Nisa verse 141 and Hadiths from Al-Bukhari and Muslim explain that Islamic identity must be a determining factor for heirs, disregarding wills that are not valid under Islamic law. Based on the results, it can be concluded that a wasiat wajibah for apostate or non-Muslim heirs is treated not as an inheritance, but as a special bequest. According to the Maqasid al-Shari’ah, which serves as the foundation for achieving the objectives of Islamic law through its five core principles of protection, the concept of wasiat wajibah for non-Muslim heirs plays a crucial role in: preserving religion by fostering interfaith tolerance; preserving life by preventing familial conflict; preserving intellect by ensuring access to education for non-Muslim descendants; preserving lineage by recognizing the rights of children as biological heirs through inheritance; and preserving wealth by ensuring the rightful and responsible transfer of ownership of the deceased’s estate.    

This study aims to explore gross motor developmental delays in 6-year-old children as an early indication of possible Tourette syndrome. Tourette syndrome is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by the emergence of spontaneous movements and sounds (tics) that are not realized and can interfere with the child's daily activities. In this study, a qualitative approach was used with a case study method on a boy in Malang City who showed symptoms of motor and vocal tics. Data collection was carried out through observation, in-depth interviews with teachers and parents, and documentation of the child's activities in the home and school environment. The results of the observation showed that the child had difficulty maintaining balance and showed spontaneous movements such as shaking his head, blinking, and clearing his throat repeatedly. These symptoms do not always appear consistently and occur more often when the child is tired or mildly stressed. Data analysis showed that motor delays were not caused by muscle disorders, but by an imbalance in neurological regulation that affects movement coordination. The main risk factors come from daily habits such as excessive use of gadgets, lack of rest time, and unstable emotional responses. The treatment carried out involves a combination of medication from a neurologist and environmental support such as reducing stress triggers, regulating playtime, and an inclusive educational approach. This study emphasizes the importance of early detection, holistic intervention, and ongoing support from families and educators in dealing with children with Tourette syndrome symptoms so that motor delays do not develop into more serious disorders.

In recent years, education has placed greater emphasis on academic achievement, often overlooking the importance of character and ethical development in students. However, instilling the value of adab (proper manners) before knowledge is essential as a foundational aspect of the learning process. Adab encompasses attitudes such as respect for teachers, honesty, responsibility, and politeness, which contribute to forming ethical individuals. This study aims to explore the significance of adab values in education as an effort to cultivate students' character and ethics from an early age. The research uses a literature review method by analyzing various sources from Islamic education and character education theories. The findings reveal that the integration of adab values can be achieved through teacher role modeling, fostering positive habits within the school environment, and embedding these values into learning materials. When consistently applied, these approaches create a conducive learning atmosphere and develop students who are not only intellectually capable but also morally upright. The study implies that a balanced approach to education, which emphasizes both knowledge and adab, should be instilled early in both school and family settings

As a country based on legal norms and principles, Indonesia strictly prohibits gambling through statutory regulations. Gambling is a criminal act that can cause harm to society both directly and indirectly. However, in fact, gambling is still widespread, one of which is in the Magelang Regency area, Central Java. The aim of this research is to find out what factors are behind criminal acts of gambling based on the decision of the Mungkid District Court in the January 2025 period and efforts to enforce the law against criminal acts of gambling with the research method used is a normative legal research method with a qualitative analysis approach. The results of this research show that psychological, difficult economic conditions, where people are looking for quick ways to get money, as well as the influence of the social environment that makes gambling free are the main factors for perpetrators to gamble. Therefore, all law enforcement efforts are needed, including socializing the dangers of gambling, operations to control gambling perpetrators by law enforcement officials, as well as enforcing legal sanctions for criminal acts of gambling.  

This The maintenance objectives of a C6240A-type lathe involve a number of crucial aspects, including gears, tool bits, toolposts, lower sled and upper sled. This study was to investigate effective maintenance strategies for each of these components, focusing on preventive and predictive maintenance. Gears: Regular lubrication is also necessary to ensure smooth gear movement and prevent excessive friction that could lead to failure. Chisel Bits: Monitoring the condition of the tool blade needs to be done regularly. Toolpost: The toolpost needs to be checked periodically to ensure availability and safety of the cutting tool. Bottom and Top Slings: Maintenance of the lower and upper slings involves checking for tension and wear. C6240A type lathe users can minimize the risk of failure, improve operational efficiency, and extend the life of the machine. The method used in this research is a qualitative method, by means of observation and interviews. The results of this study are that the gears can be more durable because lubrication is always given and not easily thirsty, the tool blade is not easily blunted because the workpiece is fed little by little, and frequent honing is done to keep it sharp. The locking toolpost is not easily damaged if you use a rubber hammer when locking, the bottom row makes a change of ashock so that it can do automatic turning. This maintenance can increase the life of the lathe for longer operation.

This study aims to explore the effectiveness of optimal hydration on brain activity and mental health in students and workers through a biopsychological approach. Five participants (three students and two workers) participated in a hydration intervention by drinking at least 8 glasses of water per day for seven days. The design used was a one-group pretest-posttest, with measurements using the PANAS (Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule) scale and daily reflection. The results showed an increase in positive emotion scores and a decrease in negative emotion scores after the intervention was carried out in both groups. Participants' daily reflections supported these findings, although some experienced discomfort such as bloating or nausea. Biopsychologically, adequate hydration can contribute to cognitive function, emotional control, and daily productivity. This study confirms that regular drinking habits are a simple but effective strategy in improving mental health and brain function in both students and workers.

MUI Fatwa No. 83, which prohibits Israeli goods, might have a substantial impact on Indonesia's Islamic economy, influencing consumption, trade, investment decisions, and halal certification. If adhered to, demand for Israeli goods may fall, while the boycott effort may have an impact on investment decisions and worldwide trade. This can also help Muslims achieve greater unity and ethical consciousness. The author employs literature review methodologies to examine literature relevant to the research issue. The methodology includes a study of Islamic economics based on both bibliographic and secondary data. To get new ideas and information, the method used is analysis approaches such as interpretation, coherence, and heuristics. MUI Fatwa No.83 of 2023 requires legal assistance for the Palestinian fight against Israeli aggression, including the distribution of zakat, infaq, and alms. The fatwa's economic impact is determined by Muslim involvement and business reaction, which may have an impact on halal certification and Sharia banking. MUI Decree Number 83 of 2023 encourages a boycott of Israeli goods, which benefits the Muslim economy while cutting demand

The declining awareness among youth about local historical figures such as Raden Sawunggaling inspired the creation of this web comic. Aimed at teenagers aged 17–21, this project seeks to reintroduce local history through a visually engaging and interactive medium. The comic features a flowing narrative, semi-realistic illustrations, and strong elements of East Javanese culture. Its design was informed by qualitative and quantitative research to align with the preferences of the target audience. The web comic format was chosen for its accessibility, cost-efficiency, and relevance to the digital habits of today’s youth. This medium is expected to reignite interest in local history while serving as a creative and educational approach to cultural preservation.

Financial distress refers to a company’s persistent inability to meet financial obligations, signaling severe monetary strain that precedes formal bankruptcy or liquidation proceedings. This study investigates the impact of intellectual capital (VAICTM), operational capacity (TATO), capital structure (DER), and operating cash flow (OCF) on financial distress (Altman Z-Score), with profitability (ROA) serving as a mediating variable. The theoretical framework of this research is grounded in signaling theory, agency theory, and resource-based view theory. The study focuses on basic materials companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2019 and 2023. The study utilized criterion-based sampling to select qualified respondents. Secondary datasets were analyzed through panel regression and path analysis, with Eviews 12 as the computational tool. Key findings include: (1) intellectual capital and operating capacity demonstrate a statistically significant positive influence on profitability; (2) capital structure exerts a significant adverse impact on profitability; (3) operating cash flow exhibits no statistically discernible impact on profitability; (4) both operating cash flow and profitability are positively and significantly associated with increased financial distress; (5) capital structure displays a significant inverse relationship with financial distress severity; (6) intellectual capital and operating capacity show no statistically significant associations with direct financial distress prediction; (7) profitability partially mediates the influence of intellectual capital, operating capacity, and capital structure on financial distress; and (8) profitability does not serve as a mediating variable between operating cash flow and financial distress.