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This study is motivated by the low level of students’ learning concentration in the classroom, which is reflected in behaviors such as drowsiness, lack of focus, and limited participation during learning activities. These conditions are generally caused by less varied teaching methods and a lack of activities that actively engage students. Therefore, this study aims to examine the use of brain gym–based ice breaking activities to reduce drowsiness and improve students’ concentration. The method employed in this research is a literature review, involving the analysis of various relevant academic sources, including journals, books, and research articles. The findings indicate that integrating ice breaking activities with brain gym techniques has a positive impact on the learning process. This approach is shown to enhance concentration, memory, and students’ readiness to learn. In addition, the simple movements in brain gym can help increase oxygen flow to the brain, making students feel more refreshed and focused. In conclusion, brain gym–based ice breaking can serve as an effective, innovative, and enjoyable instructional strategy to improve the quality of teaching and learning in the classroom.

This research is motivated by the problem of the open unemployment rate in Maluku Province which is still fluctuating, where the influence of human capital indicators such as the Average Years of Schooling and the Gross Enrollment Rate of Senior High Schools as well as economic policies such as the Provincial Minimum Wage often show results inconsistent with theory, thus requiring further empirical studies to determine their influence in the region. The purpose of this study is to analyze and determine the partial and simultaneous effects of the average years of schooling, the gross enrollment rate of senior high schools, and the provincial minimum wage on the open unemployment rate in Maluku Province. The method used is quantitative with secondary data in the form of time series from 2015 to 2024 sourced from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of Maluku Province, and analyzed using multiple linear regression techniques. The results show that the average years of schooling have a negative and significant effect, while the gross enrollment rate of senior high schools and the provincial minimum wage each have a positive insignificant and negative insignificant effect on the open unemployment rate. Simultaneously, the three variables also have no significant effect. The implications of these findings confirm that increasing the average length of schooling is a key factor in reducing unemployment, but policies related to minimum wages and high school participation need to be reviewed and combined with other policies to be more effective in addressing unemployment in Maluku Province.  

Arabic language learning is influenced not only by cognitive ability but also by students’ learning characteristics, including affective, social, and physiological dimensions, particularly the phenomenon of language anxiety that often hinders language performance. This study aims to analyze the relationship between students’ learning characteristics and the emergence of language anxiety in Arabic language learning, as well as to formulate its implications for instructional strategies. This research employs a qualitative approach through a conceptual study based on relevant literature concerning learning characteristics and language anxiety. The findings indicate that variations in students’ characteristics contribute to different levels of anxiety across the four language skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Language anxiety is multidimensional and affects students’ participation, motivation, and academic performance. Therefore, Arabic language instruction should be designed using differentiated, communicative, and student-centered approaches while fostering a supportive learning environment. The study highlights the importance of the teacher’s role as a facilitator who understands students’ cognitive and affective dynamics in order to create more effective, humanistic, and responsive Arabic language learning.

Political participation is a key indicator of local democratic quality. However, participation levels are shaped not only by structural factors but also by the configuration of social and psychological determinants underlying voting behavior. This study examines the configuration of social and psychological factors in political participation in Bangko District during the 2024 Merangin local election. A qualitative case study approach was employed. Informants were obtained using snowball sampling, including voters, community leaders, local election organizers, and campaign teams. Data were collected through in‑depth interviews, observation, and documentation, and analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. The findings reveal that participation is shaped by three key social factors family influence, neighborhood networks, and proximity to local political actors and three psychological factors political trust, perceived vote efficacy, and pragmatic motivation. The interaction of these dimensions produces a rational‑communal participation pattern, in which voting decisions are influenced by both benefit considerations and social pressure. These findings highlight that local political participation emerges from the interplay between social structure and individual psychological orientation. The study contributes to the literature on voting behavior in Indonesian local politics.

This study aims to analyze the role of digital spaces in the transformation of political communication as well as the power relations between society and political elites. The development of social media has now opened new opportunities for society, which can now express criticism and also participate in a more open and transparent public discourse. This study focuses on the case of digital criticism delivered by Salsa Erwina regarding controversial statements made by a member of the Indonesian House of Representatives, Ahmad Sahroni, which generated various public opinions. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with library research. The analysis in this study employs Jan Van Dijk's concept of network society, Jürgen Habermas's concept of public space, and Raewyn Connell's theory of gender and power relations. The results of the study have shown that social media, Moreover, the TikTok platform allows individuals who do not have formal positions within the political structure to influence public opinion through the dissemination of information in digital networks. In addition, this case also demonstrates that digital spaces are capable of expanding women's participation in political communication and also challenging patriarchal power relations. Therefore, digital spaces now have an important role in strengthening public participation, shaping public opinion, and also promoting the accountability of political elites in digital public spaces.

The development of digital technology has driven significant changes in modern learning methods by integrating various multimedia media. However, multimedia's ability to facilitate learning depends largely on the extent to which its presentation aligns with the principles of learning psychology, particularly those outlined in the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML). This study aims to examine the role and effectiveness of multimedia in transforming modern learning methods by combining the results of recent empirical research from 2020 to 2024. This study used the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method by analyzing 22 journal articles obtained from several databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Sinta. Research shows that the use of interactive multimedia helps increase student enthusiasm for learning, participation, understanding of concepts, and the ability to remember course material. However, disorganized multimedia design can add unnecessary mental burden, thereby reducing learning effectiveness. These findings suggest that the successful use of multimedia depends not only on the level of technological advancement but also on the quality of learning design that applies cognitive theory. This study provides a comprehensive summary of the latest research and provides tangible benefits for educators in creating effective digital learning content.

Community service is a form of implementation of the Tri Dharma of Higher Education which aims to make a real contribution to society through the application of science and technology. This activity was carried out to increase public understanding of the effectiveness of public information services managed by the Information and Documentation Management Officer (PPID) related to social empowerment programs at the Provincial Social Service. The method used in this service activity is a descriptive approach with observation, counseling, discussion, and documentation techniques. The results of the activity show that public information services have an important role in increasing information disclosure and making it easier for the public to obtain information about various social empowerment programs organized by the government. Through counseling and discussion activities, the community becomes more aware of the procedures for obtaining public information and the importance of information disclosure in supporting community participation. In addition, this activity also increases public awareness of the right to obtain information and encourages transparency and accountability in the implementation of public services. Thus, the effectiveness of public information services can support the creation of good governance.

Community service is a form of implementation of the Tri Dharma of Higher Education which aims to make a real contribution to society through the application of science and research results. This activity focuses on improving the quality of regional public services through transparency of information on governor's regulations at the Legal Bureau of the Banten Provincial Regional Secretariat. The problem faced by the community is that there is still limited access and understanding of various regional law products, especially governor's regulations related to the implementation of government and public services. The methods used in this activity include the preparation stage, implementation of socialization, delivery of information, and evaluation of activities to the community. The results of the activity show that transparency of legal information is able to increase public understanding of local government policies and encourage community participation in the process of implementing government. In addition, this activity also contributes to increasing public legal awareness and strengthening the relationship between the government and the community. Thus, information transparency is an important factor in realizing good and accountable governance, transparent, effective, efficient, and oriented to the public interest.

Terrorism is a serious threat to the security and unity of the Indonesian nation. Events such as the suicide bombing at the Medan Police Headquarters in 2019 show that acts of terror are increasingly complex and require swift and appropriate handling. For this reason, the government passed Law Number 5 of 2018 concerning the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Terrorism as a legal basis that strengthens the authority of the apparatus, including the Gegana Detachment of the Indonesian National Police Mobile Brigade Corps (Brimob), in carrying out counter-terrorism operations. This study aims to determine and analyze how the implementation of Law No. 5 of 2018 is carried out by the Gegana Detachment in the North Sumatra Regional Police area, identify obstacles faced in operations, and formulate strategies to increase the effectiveness of the implementation of the law. The results of the study show that the implementation of this law has been implemented through preventive, preemptive, and repressive approaches, such as sterilization of places of worship, social activities "Love Sunday", security patrols, and anti-terror training simulations. However, implementation in the field still faces various obstacles, including limited modern equipment, lack of cross-agency coordination, and low public participation. Therefore, personnel capacity building, infrastructure modernization, and strengthening inter-agency synergy are needed to achieve more effective counterterrorism efforts in North Sumatra.

Terrorism is a serious threat to the security and unity of the Indonesian nation. Events such as the suicide bombing at the Medan Police Headquarters in 2019 show that acts of terror are increasingly complex and require swift and appropriate handling. For this reason, the government passed Law Number 5 of 2018 concerning the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Terrorism as a legal basis that strengthens the authority of the apparatus, including the Gegana Detachment of the Indonesian National Police Mobile Brigade Corps (Brimob), in carrying out counter-terrorism operations. This study aims to determine and analyze how the implementation of Law No. 5 of 2018 is carried out by the Gegana Detachment in the North Sumatra Regional Police area, identify obstacles faced in operations, and formulate strategies to increase the effectiveness of the implementation of the law. The results of the study show that the implementation of this law has been implemented through preventive, preemptive, and repressive approaches, such as sterilization of places of worship, social activities "Love Sunday", security patrols, and anti-terror training simulations. However, implementation in the field still faces various obstacles, including limited modern equipment, lack of cross-agency coordination, and low public participation. Therefore, personnel capacity building, infrastructure modernization, and strengthening inter-agency synergy are needed to achieve more effective counterterrorism efforts in North Sumatra.

Public service plays a fundamental role in fulfilling citizens’ rights and needs within modern governance systems. The increasing complexity of social, economic, and technological changes has encouraged the transformation of public administration paradigms. This study aims to analyze the evolution of public service paradigms from Old Public Administration to Network Governance, identify the key characteristics of each paradigm, and explain the shift in values and the role of the state in public service delivery. This research employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method by examining various academic sources related to public administration theories and public service governance. The analysis was conducted through content analysis and comparative analysis to identify conceptual developments and paradigm differences in public administration. The results indicate that public service paradigms have evolved from hierarchical and rule-based governance toward more collaborative and participatory governance models. Old Public Administration emphasizes bureaucratic hierarchy and administrative control, New Public Management focuses on efficiency and performance-based management, while New Public Service highlights citizen participation and democratic values. The most recent paradigm, Network Governance, promotes collaboration among government, private sector, and civil society in addressing complex public issues. These findings suggest that contemporary public administration increasingly adopts a hybrid governance approach that integrates elements of various paradigms to enhance the effectiveness and responsiveness of public service delivery.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based learning media and its implications for student learning motivation in Islamic Religious Education (PAI). This study uses a systematic literature review approach by examining various reputable scientific articles discussing the integration of AI in education and the dynamics of learning motivation in the context of PAI. The results of the study indicate that the use of AI through adaptive learning systems, educational chatbots, gamification, and learning analytics can increase the effectiveness, personalization, and interactivity of learning. This implementation has a positive impact on cognitive motivation through increased conceptual understanding, affective motivation through active participation and emotional engagement, and spiritual motivation through strengthening reflection and internalization of Islamic values. However, ethical challenges, the risk of depersonalization of the teacher's role, and inequality in digital access are crucial issues that require policy attention and human-centered pedagogical design. Theoretically, this study offers an integrative conceptual framework that combines technological innovation with Islamic educational epistemology. Practically, the results of this study provide recommendations for teachers, schools, and policymakers to develop AI-based PAI learning models that are adaptive, ethical, and oriented towards character building.

Inclusive education in the context of Islamic religious education reflects the implementation of Islamic values that promote respect for diversity and the protection of individual rights. Islamic Religious Education teachers play a crucial role in ensuring that all students, including those with special needs in inclusive schools, can access and understand Islamic teachings at the Madrasah Tsanawiyah level. Inclusive education also functions as a catalyst for educational transformation by promoting equality and fairness in the learning process without discrimination among students. In this context, teachers are required to adapt teaching strategies, learning materials, and classroom interactions according to the diverse needs and abilities of each learner. Their role is not only to deliver religious knowledge but also to foster an inclusive learning environment that supports participation and understanding for all students. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of Islamic Religious Education teachers within inclusive education settings and provides insights that may support future research and development of inclusive education practices in Indonesia.

This study analyzes and describes the multidimensional role of Catholic religious educators as a determining factor in innovating a conducive learning environment for academic achievement and the development of students' creativity. This study was conducted at SD Negeri 101856 Gunung Rintih, involving Catholic religious educators, homeroom teachers, students, and the principal as research subjects, using a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques included participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation collection. The findings of this study indicate that professional teachers who understand the essence of learning creativity have the strategic capacity to innovate a dynamic and inspiring learning environment through the implementation of their integrative roles as educators, teachers, mentors, creativity motivators, and counselors. The implementation of this role has been proven to foster a creative learning climate, as seen in increased active participation, courage to present ideas, frequency of questions, and willingness to take intellectual risks among students. The implication is that the integrative role of teachers is key to stimulating creativity and academic achievement. Therefore, to optimize and maintain these achievements, continuous professional development is needed to transform this positive dynamic into a culture of sustainable learning quality in the school environment.

The development of digital technology in the 21st century has significantly influenced educational practices, including the teaching of history in schools. Conventional teaching methods often make history learning less engaging and limit students’ active participation. Therefore, innovative learning models based on digital technology are needed to improve the quality of history education and support the development of 21st-century skills such as critical thinking, creativity, communication, and collaboration. This study aims to examine the role of innovative digital technology-based learning models in history learning to enhance students’ 21st-century skills. The research uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method by analyzing various academic sources such as books, journal articles, and relevant research publications. The findings indicate that the integration of digital technology in innovative learning models can increase students’ engagement, improve their understanding of historical events, and encourage active learning through interactive media and digital resources. Furthermore, the use of digital technology enables students to access diverse historical sources and develop analytical and interpretative abilities. The study implies that the implementation of digital-based innovative learning models in history education can support more meaningful learning and contribute to the development of students’ competencies needed in the digital era.

Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARI) is a global health problem that significantly contributes to high morbidity and mortality rates. The goal of this activity is to educate residents about preventing ARI, so that they have a good understanding of the disease and are able to take preventive measures independently. The program included information on ARI, simple inhalation therapy, and proper waste disposal. Prior to the health promotion on ARI prevention, 70% of residents had poor knowledge about the disease. After the activity, there was a significant increase in knowledge, with 90% of residents demonstrating a good level of understanding. This improvement indicates a positive shift in public awareness regarding ARI prevention. The activity successfully emphasized the importance of prevention efforts for ARI, focusing on promoting Clean and Healthy Living Behaviors (PHBS). Educating the community about ARI prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of the disease. Regular health promotion activities, particularly those targeting community participation and practical steps for prevention, are vital for enhancing public health and preventing ARI, which remains a major cause of illness and death worldwide. The results highlight the effectiveness of health education in raising awareness and improving knowledge on preventing ARI.

This systematic literature review analyzes previous studies on impact of educational technology on students’ behavioural engagement in English language learning. The integration of educational technology in English classroom has increased significantly in order to address students’ low participation, limited attention, and passive learning behaviour. Various digital tools such as digital storybooks, digital storytelling, multimedia learning platforms, and interactive online applications have been implemented to promote students’ active participation. This review followed the prefered Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework to ensure a systematic and transparent review process. Relevant journal articles published between 2020 until 2025 were identified through Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and Publish or Perish. A total of 15 articles met the conclusion criteria and were analysed in this study. The findings indicate that educational technology positively influences students’ behavioural engagement, which is reflected in increased participation, attention, interaction, and task completion in English leraning contexts.The review higlights that the appropriate intergration of educational technology can support more interactive and learner-centred English language learning environments.

Student learning activeness is an important component in achieving effective learning outcomes. However, many classroom learning processes still tend to be teacher-centered, resulting in low student participation. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Family 100 Quiz Game in improving students' learning activeness in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning among eleventh-grade students at SMAN 1 Tambakboyo. This research used a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach with the Kemmis and McTaggart model consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. The research was conducted in two cycles involving 38 students. Data were collected through observation sheets, field notes, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive quantitative and qualitative techniques by calculating the percentage of student learning activeness. The results showed that the implementation of the Family 100 Quiz Game was able to increase student learning activeness. The average percentage of learning activeness increased from 65% in cycle I to 86% in cycle II. The findings indicate that game-based learning strategies can create a more interactive, collaborative, and enjoyable learning environment. Therefore, the Family 100 Quiz Game can be used as an innovative learning strategy to improve student participation in Islamic Religious Education learning.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Village Fund (Dana Desa/DD) Program in Tote Village, Bolangitang Barat Subdistrict, North Bolaang Mongondow Regency. The study focuses on the implementation of the Village Fund policy as viewed from several aspects, namely (a) organizational capacity, (b) information dissemination, (c) community support, and (d) the distribution of village potential This study employed a qualitative, descriptive research approach Data sources were obtained through in-depth interviews with village officials and community members, supported by observation and documentation The results showed that the implementation of the Village Fund Program in Tote Village has not been fully optimal This is indicated by the lunited organizational capacity of village apparatus, uneven dissemination of information to the community, and relatively low community participation and support in several Village Fund programs. In addition, the distribution of village potential in program implementation has not been entirely well-targeted. Nevertheless, the Village Fund Program has contributed positively to infrastructure development and the economic empowerinent of the village community. It can be concluded that improving the implementation of the Village Fund Program requires strengthening village officials capacity, enhancing transparency and information dissemination, and actively involving the community in the planning, implementation, and supervision of the program.

Women Farmer Groups play an important role in strengthening household food security, yet limited food diversity remains a challenge in rural communities. This study analyzes the empowerment process of the Melati Women Farmer Group (KWT Melati) through an integrated farming program in improving household food security in Sarengkol Hamlet, Sukagalih Village, Sukaratu District, Tasikmalaya Regency. The research employed a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The findings show that the empowerment process was participatory, gradual, and sustainable, implemented through five stages. The enabling stage expanded women’s access and participation through social support and extension facilitation. The empowering stage strengthened technical and organizational capacities as well as women’s roles in decision-making. The protecting stage was reflected in social solidarity and mutual cooperation as informal protection. The supporting stage appeared through continuous assistance and community support. The maintaining stage indicated organizational independence despite reduced external aid. The study concludes that empowerment through integrated farming strengthens household food security based on social capital and women’s autonomy.