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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Think Pair Share learning model on the learning activity of Christian Religious Education and Character Education of class XI students of HKBP Doloksanggul Private High School in the 2024/2025 Academic Year. The research hypothesis is that there is an effect of the Think Pair Share learning model on the learning activity of Christian Religious Education and Character Education of class XI students of HKBP Doloksanggul Private High School in the 2024/2025 Academic Year. This research method is the Quasi Experimental Design method using the Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The population of all class XI students of HKBP Doloksanggul Private High School in the 2024/2025 Academic Year who are Protestant Christians is 159 students and is divided into 5 classes. The research sample was determined using a purposive sampling technique, namely 30 students in class XI-4 as an experimental class using the Think Pair Share learning model and 33 students in class XI-2 as a control class using the usual treatment (conventional class). The research instrument was a closed questionnaire consisting of 30 items. The research questionnaire data was analyzed using the average difference test formula (N-Gain Score). The average pretest and posttest scores at the first and second meetings of the experiment were 3.06 and 3.77, and for the first and second meetings of the pretest and posttest in the control class were 2.75 and 3.00. So the overall average score of the experimental class is 0.7570 in the high category. The overall average score for the control class is 0.1930 in the low category. Then the t-test obtained a value of t count = 14.170> t table (α = 0.05; df = 61) = 2.000, so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The study concluded that there is an influence of the Think Pair Share learning model on the activeness of learning Christian Religious Education and Character Education of class XI students of HKBP Doloksanggul Private High School in the 2024/2025 Academic Year.

The purpose of this research is to find out whether there is an influence of the Discovery Learning Learning Model on Interest in Learning Christian Religious Education and Characteristics of Class VIII Students of SMP Negeri 1 Sianjur Mulamula, Sianjur Mulamula District, Samosir Regency, Academic Year 2023/2024. The method used in this research is a quantitative method with a pre-experimental research type with a "One Group Pretest-Posttest Design" design. The population is all students in class VIII of SMP Negeri 1 Sianjur Mulamula, Sianjur Mulamula District, Samosir Regency for the 2023/2024 academic year who are Protestant Christians, totaling 140 people and a sample of 32 people was determined using purposive sampling. Data was collected using a closed questionnaire with 20 items. The results of data analysis show that there is a significant influence of the discovery learning learning model on students' interest in learning in the subject of Christian Religious Education and Character Education for Class VIII Students of SMP Negeri 1 Sianjur Mulamula, Sianjur Mulamula District, Samosir Regency, Academic Year 2023/2024, proven by the significant test obtained by the value tcount > ttable (α=0.05; dk=n-1=31) which is 7.809 > 2.042, thus there is a significant influence between variable X and variable Y. Thus H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted.

The research aims to determine the positive and significant influence of the index card match learning model on the learning motivation for Christian Religious Education and Character Education of class XI students at SMK Negeri 1 Lumut, Central Tapanuli Regency for the 2024/2025 academic year. The research hypothesis is that there is a positive and significant influence between the index card match learning model on the learning motivation of Christian Religious Education and Characteristics of class XI students at SMK Negeri 1 Lumut, Central Tapanuli Regency for the 2024/2025 academic year. Descriptive and inferential quantitative research methods. The population of all class The sample was random (random sampling) namely 25% from each class, namely 34 people. The research instrument is a closed questionnaire. The results of data analysis obtained: a) The value rcount=0.590 which is included in the strong category>rtabel=0.339 and tcount=4.134>ttable=2.03693 shows that there is a positive and significant relationship between the index card match learning model and motivation to learn Christian Religious Education and Characteristics of class b) Regression equation. c) The determination test revealed that the magnitude of the effect was 34.81%. d) Hypothesis testing obtained Fcount=17.191>Ftable=3.32 so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The research concluded that there was a positive and significant influence between the index card match learning model on the learning motivation for Christian Religious Education and Characteristics of class XI students at SMK Negeri 1 Lumut, Central Tapanuli Regency for the 2024/2025 academic year.  

The purpose of this study was to determine how much the positive and significant effect of the Jigsaw Type Cooperative Learning Model by PAK Teachers on the Learning Motivation of Students of SMP Negeri 2 Sipoholon, North Tapanuli Regency in the 2023/2024 Learning Year. The research method used is descriptive quantitative method with inferential statistical approach. The population was all VIII grade students at SMP N 2 Sipoholon, Learning Year 2023/2024 as many as 120 people and a sample of 44 people was determined using probability sampling technique with a random type (simple random sampling). Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire of 42 items, namely 22 items for variable X and 20 items for variable Y.   The results of data analysis show that there is a positive and significant effect of the Jigsaw Type Cooperative Learning Model by PAK Teachers on the Learning Motivation of VIII grade students of SMP Negeri 2 Sipoholon, North Tapanuli Regency, Learning Year 2023/2024: 1) Test of analysis requirements: a) positive relationship test obtained rxy value = 0.488 > rtable (=0.05, n=44) = 0.297. b) Significant relationship test obtained tcount = 3.626 > ttable (=0.05, dk=n-2=42)=2.021). 2) Effect test: a) Regression equation test, obtained regression equation. b) Regression determination coefficient test (r2) = 23.8%. 3) Hypothesis testing using the F test obtained Fhitung> Ftabel = (=0.05, dk numerator k = 20, dk denominator = n-2 = 44-2 = 42) which is 13.18 > 1.51. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. It can be concluded that with the Jigsaw Type Cooperative Learning Model by the PAK Teacher which can maximally increase student learning motivation at SMP Negeri 2 Sipoholon, North Tapanuli Regency, Learning Year 2023/2024. 

The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of the contextual learning model on interest in learning Christian Religious Education and Characteristics of class X students at SMK Negeri 1 Siborongborong for the 2023/2024 academic year. The research method used is a quantitative method with a descriptive inferential type. The population is all 334 students of class Data was collected using a closed questionnaire with 20 items for variable Interest in studying Christian Religious Education and Character Education for class X students at SMK Negeri 1 Siborongborong for the 2023/2024 Academic Year. Influence test: a) regression equation test obtained regression equation Ŷ=18.83+0.753 X. b) regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 63.3%. c) hypothesis testing using the F test obtained Fcount = 8.313 > Ftable = 1.86. Thus Ha, that is, there is a positive and significant influence of the contextual learning model on interest in learning Christian Religious Education and Characteristics of class X students at SMK Negeri 1 Siborongborong for the 2023/2024 academic year accepted and H0 rejected.

The objective of this research is to enhance the academic performance of Grade III students at SDN Margomulyo 1 Ngawi in the subject of animal life cycle by implementing a cooperative learning approach using Montessori media. The study methodology used is classroom action research (CAR) consisting of two cycles. During the first phase, the assessment of student learning outcomes revealed a limited level of proficiency, as just 44% of students successfully attained the desired learning goals. Following the implementation of the cooperative learning paradigm using Montessori media in the second cycle, there was a notable improvement, with 88% of students attaining mastery and an average score rise of 82%. This research provides evidence that the collaborative learning approach, along with Montessori media, is successful in improving students' comprehension and academic achievements in the subject of animal life cycles.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Mastery Learning Model on learning outcomes of Christian Religious Education and Budi Pekerti Learning Year 2024/2025. The research hypothesis is: "There is an Effect of Mastery Learning Model on Student Learning Outcomes of Christian Religious Education and Budi Pekerti class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Sipahutar Learning Year 2023/2024." The population is all VIII grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Sipahutar for the 2024/2025 Learning Year, totaling 252 people. The research sample was determined with a purposive sampling system, namely VIII-2 class students totaling 31 people as an experimental class using the Mastery Learning Model and VIII-1 class totaling 31 people as a control class that did not use the Mastery Learning Model. This research method is a quantitative approach with a true experimental design method and with a posttest only control group design. The instrument used in this research is a test question as many as 30 questions. Research data for questionnaires were analyzed using the Pooled Variance t test formula. From the calculation results obtained t count value = 13.727 > t table(α = 5%) = 2.000. The tcount value is in the H0 rejection and Ha acceptance curve area. Thus it can be concluded that the research hypothesis is accepted, namely that there is an effect of the Mastery Learning Model on the Learning Outcomes of Christian Religious Education Students and Budi Pekerti class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Sipahutar Learning Year 2024/2025. The difference in learning outcomes of Christian Religious Education and Ethics students in class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Sipahutar in the 2024/2025 Learning Year is known from the average learning outcomes of Christian Religious Education and ethics students by using the Mastery Learning Model is 28.06 higher than the average learning outcomes of Christian Religious Education and ethics students by not using the Mastery Learning Model which is 21.77.

The aim of this research is to produce image media which is motivated by the hopes of PAK teachers regarding the importance of image media in the material Every Human Being is Valuable in the Eyes of God in the learning of Christian Religious Education and Character in class IV Elementary School. The research uses a development approach (research and development) which aims to produce image media products that are effective for use in teaching Christian Religious Education and Character with the material that Every Human Being is Valuable in the Eyes of God for grade IV Elementary School.The research location is the State Elementary School in Sipoholon District, North Tapanuli Regency, consisting of Hutaraja Elementary School 174573, Pagar Batu Elementary School 178492 and Pagar Batu 177921. The research was carried out in May - August 2024. Development steps using the ADDIE model. From the research results it is known: 1) Analysis, results from interviews and questionnaires distributed to five teachers of Christian Religious Education and Character Education that 96.4% require the development of image media that makes it easier for teachers to teach, increases students' understanding, and can attract students' attention. on learning Every Human Being is Valuable in the Eyes of God. 2.) Design, A.) Making images of Every Human Being's Material is Valuable in the eyes of Allah. B.) Determination of Learning Materials: Every Human Being is Valuable in the Eyes of God from Genesis 1: 26a&31a, Psalm 139:13-16; Jeremiah 29:11; and John 3 : 16; Luke 3 : 11; Proverbs 17:17; Galatians 6 : 2; 1 Peter 2: 23). 3) Development, Validation results by linguists on the development of material image media. Every human being is valuable in the eyes of Allah, getting a score of 100% which is within the very valid criteria, or can be used without revision. The material expert's validation results achieved a score of 98% which is within the very valid criteria, or can be used without revision. The results of media validation reached a score of 74% after revisions/improvements reached a score of 100%, which is within the very valid criteria, or can be used without revision. Therefore, the images developed are valid for use in research trials. 4) Implementation, from the results of teacher responses in Sipoholon sub-district, the results were 91.3%, which was included in the very valid criteria or could be used without revision, according to responses from Christian Religious Education and Character Education teachers that the pictures were good. The response results for the small group trial obtained a result of 89%, and the large group trial obtained a result of 91.6%, which is within the very good criteria. It was concluded that the picture of Material Every Human Being is Valuable in the Eyes of Allah is Effective for use in learning. 5) Evaluation, seeing responses from experts, responses from PAK teachers, and students, image media is valid and suitable for use in the learning process because it can help teachers in learning and increase students' understanding and attract students' attention in learning.

The purpose of this study is to determine the positive and significant influence of the Project-Based Learning Model on the creativity of grade XI students in the subject of Christian Religious Education and Ethics at SMK Negeri 1 Pahae Julu, North Tapanuli Regency for the 2023/2024 Academic Year. The method used in this study is a quantitative research method with descriptive statistics. The population is all students in class XI of SMK Negeri 1 Pahae Julu which totals 80 people and a sample of 40 people or 50% is determined by the Saturated Sampling technique or in other terms the saturated sample is the census, where all members of the population are sampled. Data was collected with a positive closed questionnaire consisting of four options, namely: a was given a weight of 4, b was given a weight of 3, c was given a weight of 2, d was given a weight of 1 as many as 34 items. Results of data analysis 1) Test of analysis requirements: obtained the value of  rxy = 0,315 > rtabel(a=0,05,n=40) = 0,312 thus it is known that there is a positive influence between variable X and variable Y. Test of significant relationship obtained a value of tcal thitung= 2,046 > ttabel(a=0,05,dk=n-2=38)= 2,021 thus there is a significant relationship between variable X and variable Y. 2) Influence test:  obtained the regression equation Ŷ=59.337+0.147X. Regression determination coefficient test (r2) = 9.9%. 3) The hypothesis test using the F test obtained Fcal > Ftable, which is 4.18 > 4.09. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. It can be seen that the research hypothesis proposed by the author was accepted, namely There is a positive and significant influence between the Project-Based Learning model on the creativity of class XI students in the subject of Christian Religious Education and Ethics at SMK Negeri 1 Pahae Julu, North Tapanuli Regency for the 2023/2024 .

The purpose of this study is to determine the learning motivation of Christian Religious Education and Ethics of students who are taught using the Flipped Classroom Learning Model is higher than students who are taught using the Conventional Learning Model in Grade XI Students of SMA Negeri 1 Tanah Java for the 2023/2024 Academic Year. This study uses a Posttest-Only Control type experimental method. The population is all XI SMA Negeri 1 Tanah Java for the 2023/2024 Academic Year which totals 171 people. The sample was determined by a technique taken deliberately (purposive sampling) with the conditions set by the learning material that was experimented on in the class, namely 31 students in class XI MIA 3 as the experimental class and class XI MIA totaling 30 people as the control class. The research instrument used a questionnaire of 29 items. The t-test used was the Separated Variance t-test according to the analysis requirements test of n1≠n2 and the variance of the two sample groups was non-homogeneous variance (Ơ₁² ≠ Ơ₂²). The results of the hypothesis test obtained a tcal value = 10.987>ttable 5.093, then H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. This study concluded that the motivation to learn Christian Religious Education and Ethics of students who were taught using the Flipped Classroom Learning Model was higher than that of students who were taught using the Conventional Learning Model in Grade XI Students of SMA Negeri 1 Tanah Java for the 2023/2024.

Education is an important key in the formation of an intelligent nation. The background of this study is the decrease in concentration and inactivity of students in learning Indonesian Language, especially in the hours before the end of learning at school. This Classroom Action Research was carried out in two cycles with the aim of increasing the concentration and learning activity of students in grades XI-10 of SMAN 21 Surabaya through the application of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) method with the Cooperative Learning model in learning Indonesian Language Argumentation Text material. The techniques used in data collection are observation, interviews, and tests. The results of the study show that the application of this TGT method can increase the concentration and learning activity of participants in grades XI-10 of SMAN 21 Surabaya on the Argumentation Text material. This can be seen from the increase in observations, interviews, and test results. Students' learning activities and critical thinking ability have increased with the percentage of score acquisition in cycle 2 higher than in cycle 2. The Teams Games Tournament (TGT) method with the Cooperative Learning learning model allows students to discuss with each other in learning, and can help each other, so that it can increase the activeness and involvement of students during the learning process. In addition, this method helps learners to develop their thinking and communication skills with other friends.

The background to this research is the low student learning outcomes which are less than the KKTP, namely 75. Many students are busy alone and do not pay attention to the teacher and the learning model is less interesting. The teacher uses a lecture learning model and uses an LCD to play guessing games. The aim of this research is to improve the learning outcomes of grade 2 students at SD N 1 Karangduren by using the TGT (Team Games Tournament) learning model. This research is classroom action research which lasts for two cycles consisting of planning, action implementation, observation and reflection stages. The research subjects were 2nd grade students SD N 1 Karangduren. The data collection technique in this research is pre-test and post-test questions which consist of multiple choice, matching, true-false and description questions. Based on the research results obtained on Building Space material, it can be improved by using the TGT (Team Games Tournament) learning model. The incrase in learning outcomes can be seen from the initial condition, the average value is 29%. In cycle I there was an incrase with an average of 47%. The in cycle II there was an incrase with an average og 88%.

The research aims to determine how much influence the application of the Active Learning learning model has on the learning outcomes of Christian Religious Education for class VII students at SMP Negeri 3 Siborongborong Learning Year 2023/2024. The research hypothesis is that there is a positive and significant influence of the Active Learning learning model on the learning outcomes of Christian Religious Education for class VII students at SMP Negeri 3 Siborongborong for the 2023/2024 academic year. Quantitative research method using a Pre-Experimental Design approach in the form of a One Shot Case Study.  The population of all class VII students at SMP Negeri 3 Siborongborong for the 2023/2024 academic year who are Protestant Christians is 109 people. The purposive sampling system was 32 people. The research instrument is a closed number and posttest. The results of data analysis obtained: a) The value of rcount=0.369>r(table(a=0.05,n=32))=0.349 and tcount=2.172 >t(table(a=0.05,dk=n -2=30))=2.042 shows that there is a positive and significant relationship between the Active Learning learning model and students' Christian Religious Education learning outcomes. b) Regression equation Ŷ = 65.81 + 0.17X. c) The determination test revealed that the magnitude of the effect was 13.6%. d) Hypothesis testing obtained Fcount=4.575 > Ftable=1.62 then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The research concluded that there was a positive and significant influence between the Active Learning learning model on the learning outcomes of Christian Religious Education for class VII students at SMP Negeri 3 Siborongborong for the 2023/2024 academic year.

The purpose of this study was to determine the positive and significant influence of the Mastery Learning model on the interest in learning Christian Religious Education of Class XI Students of SMK Negeri 1 Siborong in the 2023/2024 Academic Year. The method used in this study is a quantitative descriptive inferential statistical research method. The population is all class XI students of SMK Negeri 1 Siborong in the 2023/2024 Academic Year, totaling 367 people and a sample of 56 people is determined, which is 15% of the population. Data were collected using a positive closed questionnaire of 40 items. The results of the data analysis show that there is a positive and significant influence of the Mastery Learning model on the interest in learning Christian Religious Education of Class XI Students of SMK Negeri 1 Siborong Borong in the 2023/2024 Academic Year: 1) Analysis requirements test: a) positive relationship test obtained rxy value = 0.525> rtable ( = 0.05, n = 56) = 0.226 thus it is known that there is a positive relationship between variable X and variable Y. b) Significant relationship test obtained tcount value = 4.529> ttable ( = 0.05, dk = n-2 = 54) = 2.000 thus there is a significant relationship between variable X and variable Y. 2) Influence test: a) Regression equation test, obtained regression equation Y ̂="19","48"+0.70X. b) Regression determination coefficient test (r2) = 27.5%. 3) Hypothesis testing using the F test obtained Fcount> Ftable=(=0.05, dk numerator k=22, dk denominator=n-2=56-2=54) which is 20.49> 1.39. Thus Ha, namely there is a positive and significant influence of the Mastery Learning learning model on the interest in learning Christian Religious Education of Class XI Students of SMK Negeri 1 Siborong Borong in the 2023/2024 Academic Year, is accepted and H0 is rejected.  

This study analyzesthe effectiveness of the flipped learning program in enhancing the English language proficiency of students at LembagaBahasa LIA Cibinong. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the study adopts the Kirkpatrick evaluation model, which includes four aspects: student reactions, the learning process, behavior change, and the final outcomes of the program implementation. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and analyzed through stages of condensation, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The subjects of the study involved the branch manager, academic staff, instructors, as well as students from LIA Cibinong and Jalan Baru, with the study being conducted from May to July 2024. The results of the study show that the implementation of flipped learning received positive feedback from students, increased active participation in class discussions, and developed critical thinking skills. Students also reported improvements in their English skills, particularly in speaking, listening, and vocabulary acquisition. Although challenges such as self-motivation and technological limitations still exist, the program has proven effective in enhancing the quality of learning and students' social skills. Classroom observation evaluations confirmed a consistent improvement in students' language skills. Additionally, the program had a positive impact on the institution's business growth. In conclusion, flipped learning has been shown to be an effective method and is worth further development atLembaga Bahasa LIA Cibinong. Recommendations for further development include optimizing learning motivation through gamification, improving the quality of materials, enhancing facilities, and providing additional training for teachers to maximize the potential of this method. 

The research aims to determine the positive and significant influence of the Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) Model on Learning Motivation for Christian Religious Education and Character in Class The research hypothesis is that there is a positive and significant influence between the Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) Model on Learning Motivation for Christian Religious Education and Characteristics of Class XI Students of SMA Negeri 1 Ujung Padang, Simalungun Regency, Academic Year 2023/2024. This research is a regression research using Inferential Statistics techniques. The population of all class XI students at SMA Negeri 1 Ujung Padang who are Protestant Christians is 138 people. Random sampling (random sampling) is 30% of the total population, namely 40 people. The research instrument is a closed questionnaire. From the determination coefficient test, the value r2 = 0.555 is obtained. From the determination value (r2), it can be seen that the percentage of influence between the Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) Model on the Learning Motivation of Christian Religious Education and Character of Class XI Students of SMA Negeri 1 Ujung Padang, Simalungun Regency, Academic Year 2023/ 2024 is 55.5%. The results of the analysis requirements obtained values ​​rxy = 0.745> rtable = 0.312 and tcount = 6.896> ttable = 2.024 showing that there is a relationship between the Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) model and Christian Religious Education Learning Motivation and Character Characteristics of Students and obtained a regression equation Ŷ = 19.72 +0.564X. Hypothesis testing obtained Fcount=47.55>Ftable=4.09 so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The research concluded that there was a positive and significant influence of the Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) Model on the Learning Motivation for Christian Religious Education and Character of Class

The research aims to find out how much influence the model hasPAIKEM learning towards learning motivation for Christian Religious Education andCharacteristics of class XI students of SMA Negeri 1 Parlilitan for the 2023/2024 academic year. The research hypothesis is that there is a positive and significant influence between PAIKEM learning model on motivation to learn Religious Education Christianity and Character, Class XI students of SMA Negeri 1 Parlilitan, Academic Year 2023/2024. Descriptive and inferential quantitative research methods. Whole population Class XI students of SMA Negeri 1 Parlilitan for the 2023/2024 academic year who are religious There are 150 Protestant Christians. Random samples (random sampling) namely 25% of the total population, namely 38 people. The research instrument is: closed questionnaire. The results of data analysis obtained: a) rcount = 0.554> rtable = 0.320 and tcount=3.993>ttable=2.02809 shows that there is a positive relationship and significant relationship between the PAIKEM learning model and learning motivation Christian Religious Education and Character Education for class XI students of SMA Negeri 1Parlilitan Academic Year 2023/2024. b) Regression equation Y  25.88 0.404X c) The determination test revealed that the magnitude of the effect was 30.69%. d) Hypothesis test is obtained Fcount=15.933>Ftable=3.23 then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. Research concludes that there is a positive and significant influence between the PAIKEM learning model and educational learning motivation Christian Religion and Character, Class XI students of SMA Negeri 1 Parlilitan Tahun Teachings 2023/2024.    

Development of Garuda Cardbo ard Learning Media for Student Representation in Civics Subjects in Class II MIN 7 Medan City. Learning media can be interpreted as a tool that carries messages and information between teachers and students. One of the learning media that can be applied for learning is Garuda cardboard media. Which is implemented in MIN 7 Medan City. This development research has the following problem formulation: (1). What is the validity of the Kargur learning media for the PPKn learning process for students in class 2 MIN 7, Medan City (2). What is the practicality of using Kargur media in the PPKn learning process for students in class 2 MIN 7 Medan City. (3). What is the effectiveness of kargur media on student representation after using kargur media on class 2 MIN 7 students in Medan City. The objectives of this research are: (1). How to validate the kargur learning media for the PPKn learning process for students in class 2 MIN 7 Medan City. (2). How to practically use kargur media in the PPKn learning process for class 2 MIN 7 students in Medan City. (3). What is the effectiveness of kargur media on student representation after using kargur media for class 2 MIN 7 students in Medan City. The results of this research are (1). ADDIE development model in the development of Garuda cardboard learning media: a. Analysis, which focuses on learning problems and student needs, b. Design, regarding product design in terms of Garuda cardboard learning media and preparation of rules use of media, c. development, this is based on the assessments, suggestions and comments of the validators according to their respective fields, d. implementation, in this research it was tested on 15 class II students at MIN 7 Medan City. e. Evaluation, aims to determine the success of research and development carried out on 15 students at MIN 7 Medan City. (2). The results of the feasibility of the Garuda cardboard learning media have a value of 4.5%, categorized as valid or usable but needing minor revisions from material experts, and 3.2% valid or usable but needing minor revisions.

The Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) phenomenon that is increasingly prevalent in the digital age has a significant impact on the mental health of adolescents, including among Christian teenagers. FoMO is characterized by feelings of anxiety due to fear of being left behind from other people's activities or achievements, often triggered by social media. This study aims to identify proactive efforts that Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers can make in overcoming the negative influence of FoMO on adolescent mental health. The method used is a qualitative study with a descriptive approach, through in-depth interviews and observations of PAK teachers and adolescents in a Christian education environment. This study also used a literature review to strengthen the understanding of the role of PAK teachers in the spiritual and social context. The results show that PAK teachers have a crucial role in guiding adolescents to understand their spiritual identity, teaching the wise use of technology, and creating a learning environment that supports mental health. PAK teachers can also be role models who motivate adolescents to focus on a personal relationship with God and not get caught up in social comparisons. With these efforts, it is hoped that adolescents can overcome FoMO pressure and develop better mental health.

Numerical literacy is a vital skill in daily life and plays an important role in students' mathematical problem-solving abilities. This study aims to develop an assessment instrument that can measure the numeracy literacy of grade V elementary school students in understanding and applying the concept of comparative scale. This study uses a development method using a 4D development model for the stages of define, design, develop, disseminate The assessment instrument developed consists of various questions designed to test students' understanding of the comparative scale. The trial was carried out on a sample of grade V elementary school students to validate this assessment instrument. The results of the trial show that this assessment instrument has good validity and reliability in measuring students' numeracy literacy skills. This research is expected to contribute to improving mathematics learning in