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Black pudding leaf plant (Graptophyllum pictum L.) is a wild plant that is often found in rural areas or intentionally planted as a medicinal plant that has chemical content such as alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and steroids which are known to help relieve inflammation. Black leaves have chemical content as anti-inflammatory, diuretic, accelerate the cooking of boils, mild laxative, soften the skin of the feet, soften the stool and deflate the stool. Therefore, this community service aims to provide knowledge to the community about the important properties of the Black pudding leaf plant (Graptophyllum pictum). The study was conducted at Adiwangsa University, Jambi. The research method used was an experimental study consisting of two factors, namely the type of extract and the concentration of the extract. This activity is expected to provide benefits to the community in increasing knowledge and understanding of the important properties of the black pudding plant (Graptophyllum pictum).

Crime is a social issue that continues to evolve alongside increasing community activity and regional development. This study aims to Cluster crime data in Binjai City based on the location of incidents using the K-Means algorithm and the Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) approach. The data were obtained from the Binjai Police Department, with attributes including the type of crime, time of occurrence, and location, categorized by district. A comprehensive data preprocessing stage was carried out, involving the extraction of information from raw data, normalization of crime type labels, and conversion of categorical data into numerical form using label encoding. The optimal number of Clusters was determined using the Silhouette score method, which yielded the best result at K = 10. The Clustering results were further evaluated using the Davies-Bouldin Index (DBI) to ensure Cluster quality. The analysis revealed that Binjai Utara District has the highest number of crimes, particularly aggravated theft (curat), which frequently occurs from early morning to late morning. This Clustering is expected to provide valuable insights for authorities in formulating more targeted and data-driven regional security strategies.

Posterior Capsule Opacification (PCO), also known as secondary cataract, is the most common complication following cataract surgery, particularly extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE). PCO results from the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of residual lens epithelial cells within the posterior capsule, leading to the formation of structures such as Elsching pearls and Soemmering rings. The incidence of PCO is notably high among pediatric patients due to the increased mitotic activity of lens epithelial cells. Major risk factors include younger age, certain ocular conditions such as glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration, as well as the design and material of the implanted intraocular lens (IOL). Diagnosis is established through slit-lamp and ophthalmoscopic examinations, with decreased visual acuity being the primary clinical symptom. The current mainstay of treatment is Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy, which is effective and minimally invasive but may be associated with complications such as cystoid macular edema and retinal detachment. Preventive strategies focus on improved surgical techniques and appropriate IOL selection. With proper intervention, the incidence of PCO can be reduced, thereby improving postoperative visual outcomes.

Skin damage can adversely affect a person's health and physical appearance. One of the factors causing is exposure to free radicals that can trigger various skin problems such as premature aging, hyperpigmentation, to skin cancer. The combination of astaxanthin and carrot extract (Daucus carota L.) can be a natural approach that is promising for skin care because it contains antioxidant carotenoids. Astaxanthin and carrot extract are formulated in the form of emulgel preparations to optimize their effectiveness when used on the surface of the skin. The success of an emulgel preparation is not only determined by its active ingredient, but also by the physical characteristics of the preparation. This study aims to determine the optimum formulation of the combination of carbopol 940, triethanolamine, and aquadest in making emulgel preparations with active substances Astaxanthin and carrot extract in order to obtain physical properties that meet the standards. Optimization is carried out using the D-Optimal Mixture Design method through the Design Expert® software version 13.0.0. The evaluated parameters include pH, viscosity, scattering power, and adhesion. This study produced an optimum formulation of emulgel with a composition of 940 1.5% carbopol as much as 40.697 grams, TEA as much as 0.5 grams, and aquadest amounted to 15,188 grams. This formula shows a pH of 5,783 ± 0.0249, viscosity 24,856.7 ± 2,829.61 cps, 5,113 ± 0.4216 cm spread power, as well as the adhesion of 1,873 ± 0.1641 seconds. Based on the analysis using the D-optimal method, Tea is known as the most influential component of the physical characteristics of the Astaxanthin combination emulgel and carrot extract.

White glutinous rice fermentation (tape ketan putih) is a traditional food product containing various microorganisms, including Gram-positive bacteria that may act as contaminants and reduce product quality. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) contains active compounds such as gingerol and shogaol, known for their antibacterial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of ginger extract against microorganisms isolated from white fermented glutinous rice. Methods: Ginger extract was obtained by maceration using ethanol as a solvent and tested by disk diffusion method on Nutrient Agar against isolated microorganisms. Results: An inhibition zone was observed around the ginger extract disk, indicating moderate antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Conclusion: Ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract shows potential as a natural antibacterial agent against Gram-positive bacteria in tape ketan putih and may be developed as a natural preservative for fermented products.

Milkfish farming in coastal ponds of Ujung Watu Village, Jepara, is highly influenced by the stability of water salinity levels. Significant fluctuations in salinity can interfere with the growth and health of fish, so an adaptive control system is needed. Research methods include field data collection, hardware and software design, and system testing in an active pond for 14 days (23-hour sampling), where data is extracted for 23 hours. The system uses a salinity sensor to detect water conditions, PLC to automatically control the brackish water pump, while wireless remote control uses IoT, in addition to controliing, IoT to send data to the Android-based monitoring platform. The test results show that this machine is able to maintain salinity levels within the optimal range of 10000-30000 ppm, and provide remote monitoring convenience to pond farmers. The monitoring system serves as a predictive for manual wireless control of electric pumps (IoT), while automatic control is controlled by PLC.

This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of a combination of microbial compounds from apple cider vinegar (ACV) and keji beling leaf extract against skin and wound pathogenic bacteria, namely Staphylococcus epidermidis (Gram-positive) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative). ACV is produced through apple fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Acetobacter aceti, rich in acetic acid, probiotics, and proteolytic enzymes. Keji beling leaf extract is obtained through ethanol maceration and contains flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, and phytosterols—all of which have been shown to be antibacterial and antioxidant. The well diffusion method was used, with four treatments: negative control (DMSO), positive control (chloramphenicol 30µg), keji beling extract, and a combination of ACV + extract in various ratios. The results showed the largest inhibition zone in the 1:1 combination of ACV:extract, respectively 21.2±0.5mm (S. epidermidis) and 18.5±0.6mm (P. aeruginosa), much larger than the extract alone. This finding indicates significant synergism (p<0.05) between ACV and keji beling extract in stopping bacterial growth.

This study aims to determine the phytochemical content of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae extract, also known as Hermitia illucens. The maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent was used for extraction, followed by evaporation using a rotation evaporator. Qualitative phytochemical tests were carried out to identify compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, polyphenols, steroids, and triterpenoids. The results showed that BSF maggot extract contained alkaloid and flavonoid compounds that were positively detected, while other compounds were not detected by the method used. The alkaloid and flavonoid content has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. These results indicate that BSF larvae can function as a source of natural biopharmaceutical active ingredients. However, the type of solvent used and the process conditions used affect the success of the extraction.

Palm wine (tuak) is a traditional fermented beverage that is prone to microbial contamination, thus requiring natural alternatives with antibacterial properties. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Curcuma xanthorrhiza (temulawak) extract in inhibiting microbial growth in tuak samples. The method used was the disc diffusion test with three extract concentrations, 25%, 50%, and 100%. The tuak samples were first femented, serially diluted, and inoculated on Nutrient Agar (NA). Sterile paper discs soaked in each extract were placed on the medium surface and incubated at room temperature for 24 hours. The results showed no visible inhibition zones around the discs at any concentration tested. The conclusion of this study is that temulawak extract at concentrations of 25–100% did not demonstrate antibacterial activity against microorganisms in tuak samples. This study serves as a foundational evaluation of natural antibacterial agents and highlights the need for further optimization of extraction techniques or targeted testing on specific bacterial isolates.

This study aims to isolate and identify microorganisms in the form of bacteria and fungi in tilapia fish waste and to demonstrate the effectiveness of turmeric extract (Curcuma longa Linn.) as an antimicrobial agent. Tilapia fish waste samples were fermented for seven days and then microorganisms were isolated using Nutrient Agar (NA) media for bacteria and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) for fungi. Turmeric extract treatment was carried out using the disc diffusion method. The results showed the presence of several species of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungal colonies with dominant characteristics of Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. Turmeric extract with a concentration of 20% showed a significant inhibition zone against the growth of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The content of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, tannins, and phenolics in turmeric extract is thought to be the main factor in antimicrobial activity.

Nephrolithiasis, commonly known as kidney stone disease, can be experimentally induced in animal models using ethylene glycol (EG) in combination with ammonium chloride, which closely mimics calcium oxalate stone formation in humans. This condition is associated with significant renal tissue injury, including glomerular atrophy, tubular necrosis, and hyaline droplet accumulation, ultimately impairing kidney function. The present study aimed to investigate the histopathological changes in the kidneys of EG-induced rats and evaluate the nephroprotective potential of combined avocado (Persea americana) and gooseberry (Physalis angulata) leaf extracts. A total of 30 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: a standard control (no induction), a negative control (EG-induced without treatment), a positive control (EG-induced and treated with a commercial nephroprotective agent), and two treatment groups receiving the combined extracts at different doses. Nephrolithiasis induction was performed over 28 days, followed by oral administration of the respective treatments. At the end of the experiment, kidney tissues were collected and processed for histological examination using hematoxylin-eosin staining to assess the extent of tissue damage. The negative control group exhibited the most severe histopathological alterations, with hyaline droplet formation reaching 15.0 ± 5.25%. In contrast, extract-treated groups demonstrated a marked reduction in tissue damage, with the most significant improvement observed in the group receiving 300 mg/kg avocado extract and 100 mg/kg gooseberry extract, which recorded hyaline droplet formation of only 5.27 ± 2.74%, a result comparable to that of the standard control group. These findings suggest that the combination of P. americana and P. angulata leaf extracts confers protective effects against EG-induced renal injury. Therefore, this herbal combination may represent a promising natural nephroprotective agent that warrants further investigation in preclinical and clinical settings.

Reda dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrizhus) peel, which is often discarded as waste, contains pectin that has potential to be used in the food industry.  This review article aims to examine the effect of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technology on the results of pectin extraction from red dragon fruit peel. A review was conducted on four main scientific articles discussing MAE for pectin extraction from dragon fruit peel, focusing on the chemical composition aspect and the effect of MAE technology on the extraction results. MAE technology has been shown to significantly increase extraction efficiency compared to conventional methods, with parameters such as pH, extraction time, and solid-liquid ratio affecting the extraction results. One potential application of dragon fruit peel pectin is as a base material for environmentally friendly edible films with functional added value. Formulation optimization and further testing are needed to develop the application of dragon fruit peel pectin on an industrial scale.

Hypoalbuminemia is an abnormal condition indicated by low albumin levels, which is <3.5 g/dL and is commonly found in patients with chronic diseases. Conventional therapy through Human Serum Albumin (HSA) is often an option, but has limitations, including fornas restrictions, very high costs, and limited availability. Thus, other more effective and efficient alternatives are needed, namely by utilizing biological sources such as snakehead fish in the form of supplements or capsules. Although there have been various studies and clinical evidence regarding its effectiveness, literature reviews that tabulate the results of various studies are still very limited. Therefore, this systematic review needs to be written to determine the effectiveness of administering snakehead fish capsules on albumin levels in patients with hypoalbuminemia. The compilation of this literature review uses a literature review method that is presented descriptively using several databases that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria that have been set. The final result obtained 12 literatures that met the inclusion criteria for further study. The results of the review consistently showed that capsules or supplementation of snakehead fish extract were proven to be significantly effective in increasing albumin levels in patients. Factors that influence the effects of administering snakehead fish capsules are the dose and frequency of administration. It was revealed that intervention for 21 days provided superior albumin increase results compared to a duration of 10-14 days. This finding is very relevant because it is in accordance with the biological half-life of albumin in the liver, which is around 21 days. This literature review is expected to be a strong scientific basis for further research and the development of more effective clinical policies in the future.  

Background: Coal mining is one of the industrial sectors with broad impacts on environmental conditions and public health. Communities living near mining areas are at risk of exposure to air pollution, water contamination, ecosystem disruption, and increased disease burden, particularly respiratory illnesses. Objective: This study aims to systematically review scientific evidence on the impact of coal mining on health and the environment in communities living around mining areas in Indonesia. Methods: This literature review analyzed seven scientific publications from 2014 to 2024, obtained from university repositories and accredited national journals. Inclusion criteria included studies conducted in Indonesia, relevance to health and/or environmental issues, and complete data presentation. Each article was thematically extracted and analyzed. Results: The studies revealed that coal mining activities contribute to increased cases of ARI (acute respiratory infections), pharyngitis, digestive disorders, and even potential exposure to natural radioactivity. Environmental impacts included air pollution from coal dust, decreased water quality, and unmanaged mining residues. Some studies also highlighted significant public health costs, despite companies having obtained environmental certifications. Conclusion: The health and environmental impacts of coal mining on surrounding communities are real and multidimensional. Therefore, a cross-sectoral approach involving environmental monitoring, public education, and evidence-based policymaking is needed to minimize long-term risks.

Justicia gendarussa Burm. f., commonly known as gandarusa, is a medicinal shrub widely distributed in South and Southeast Asia. Traditionally, it has been used for treating rheumatism, headache, asthma, bronchitis, skin infections, and as a male contraceptive. Phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of alkaloids (gendarusin A, gendarusin B), flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol, apigenin), saponins, tannins, phenolics, terpenoids, and Patentiflorin A, a compound with promising anti-HIV activity. Pharmacological investigations demonstrated its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, anticancer, and contraceptive potentials. This review highlights the phytochemical profile, pharmacological properties, and future prospects of J. gendarussa, emphasizing its potential as a phytopharmaceutical candidate. Further studies are required to standardize extracts, confirm clinical efficacy, and ensure long-term safety.

Shrimp shell waste is a potential marine biomass resource rich in bioactive compounds such as astaxanthin and chitin, yet remains underutilized in the livestock sector. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporating shrimp shell meal into duck (Anas sp.) feed rations on the yolk color intensity of duck eggs. The experimental design applied a completely randomized design (CRD) with a single factor and four treatments: D0 (100% rice bran, control), A1 (rice bran + 2% shrimp shell meal), A2 (rice bran + 6%), and A3 (rice bran + 10%), with a 21-day observation period. The primary parameter measured was yolk color intensity, assessed visually using a standardized color scale. The results indicated that the addition of shrimp shell meal significantly enhanced yolk color intensity, with the highest pigmentation observed in the A3 treatment. Astaxanthin, functioning as a natural carotenoid pigment, was biologically absorbed and distributed into the yolk via lipophilic pathways, while chitin supported gut health and nutrient absorption efficiency. This study aligns with the principles of the circular economy by valorizing marine processing waste as a functional feed ingredient. A 10% inclusion rate was found to be visually optimal; however, further studies are required to assess its physiological impacts and economic feasibility in broader production contexts.

The essential oil of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) is a high-value commodity widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries due to its bioactive components such as citral. Optimizing its distillation process is necessary to achieve maximum yield with time and energy efficiency. This study aims to determine the hourly yield distribution of essential oil from Lombong-type lemongrass during steam distillation and to analyze its extraction kinetics to identify the optimal distillation duration. Distillation was conducted for four hours with yield recorded each hour, and the data were analyzed using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The results showed that the highest yield was obtained in the first hour (0.1882%), followed by a sharp decline, with no additional yield observed in the fourth hour. The pseudo-first-order model showed the best fit to the experimental data with a rate constant of k = 0,8012/hour. Meanwhile the pseudo-second-order model did not fit well. These findings indicate that the extraction process is dominated by external diffusion and the rapid release of surface volatile compounds. Therefore, it is recommended that distillation duration be limited to two hours to optimize energy and time efficiency.

Sweet Sorghum )Sorghum Bicolor) is a group of cereals that have health benefits for the body. There are antioxidant and anti-inflammatory contents in sweet gandrung which are believed to provide immune effects. The study aims to determine the relationship between giving sweet gandrung and the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of sorghum as an immunomodulator through existing clinical and experimental trials. Meta-analysis was conducted by collecting, collecting and analyzing data through 4 relevant journals. Studies were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the meta-analysis showed that there was a significant difference in giving a sweet gandrung diet with antioxidant activity, decreased lymphocytes (p <0.05) in inflammation. There was a significant effect of giving a dose of sweet gandrung in the form of extract or Jobelyn in reducing lymphocyte levels and showing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity that acts as a protector against tissue damage

This study aims to identify the leading economic sectors in East Kalimantan Province and analyze their influence on the development of the National Capital of the Archipelago (IKN) as an economic superhub. Using secondary data from 2019–2023, the analysis applies Location Quotient (LQ), Dynamic LQ (DLQ), Shift-Share, and SWOT methods to evaluate the regional economy. Results show that the mining and quarrying sector remains dominant, while agriculture and processing industries demonstrate stable potential for sustainable growth. The study also highlights the urgency of economic diversification, human capital development, and renewable energy as strategic steps to reduce dependence on extractive sectors. The formation of a collaborative blueprint between regional governments, businesses, and communities with the IKN Authority is proposed to strengthen connectivity and economic integration. This research provides critical insights for policy formulation to support East Kalimantan’s transformation as a central player in national development.

This study aims to analyze the effect of Assistance Services and Transaction Security on User Emotional Experience, with Customer Satisfaction as a mediating variable in the context of using a digital wallet (e-wallet). This study uses a quantitative approach with a causal-comparative method. Data collection was carried out by distributing online questionnaires using Google Form to 150 respondents who are active e-wallet users. The research model consists of four latent variables, each of which is measured by three reflective indicators. The data analysis technique uses the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method with the help of SmartPLS software, and is supported by descriptive analysis using SPSS. Validity and reliability tests are carried out through outer loading tests, Average Variance Extracted (AVE), Cronbach's Alpha, and Composite Reliability. Hypothesis testing is carried out by considering the path coefficient, t-statistic, and p-value values. The results of the study indicate that Assistance Services and Transaction Security have a significant effect on Customer Satisfaction. Assistance Services also have a direct effect on Emotional Experience, while Transaction Security does not have a direct effect on this variable. Customer Satisfaction has a significant effect on Emotional Experience, and is proven to be a significant mediator in the relationship between Assistance Service and Transaction Security on Emotional Experience.