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Phytochemistry is a method used to determine the compounds found in plant essence. Phytochemical identification is carried out using chemical substances used in a reaction to determine the collection of secondary metabolite compounds. Indonesia is a country that has various types of medicinal plants, one of which is the leaves of Katang-katang (Ipomoea pes-caprae). Katang-katang is a tropical vine that is easy to find and belongs to the Convolvulaceae family. The utilization of this medicinal plant is one of the alternatives in an effort to treat a disease.  Along the road in the sandy beach area, many of these plants are found growing creeping on the edge of the shoreline, this plant has a trumpet-like flower and is known as Katang-katang (Ipomoea pes-caprae). (Ipomoea pescaprae L.). Empirically, people often use katang-katang plants to treat infections in wounds, relieve pain, and as antioxidants. The active compounds of katang-katang as antibacterial are terpenoids, steroids, saponins, tannins and flavonoids. The active compound that plays the most role is thought to be the flavonoid compound content.

This research addresses the problematic inclusion of exoneration clauses stipulating positive reviews for warranty claims on Shopee. While the prohibition of exoneration clauses is not explicitly articulated within statutory regulations, it may be inferred from Article 18 of Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection about prohibited standard clauses. Nevertheless, the practice of utilizing exoneration clauses, particularly those mandating positive reviews for warranty claims, persists, notably within the marketplace domain. This study adopts an empirical legal methodology, employing both primary and secondary data sources, which comprise primary and secondary legal materials. Data collection was executed through interviews utilizing a purposive sampling technique, and the data was subsequently subjected to qualitative analysis employing an interactive model. The research findings reveal the problematic nature of including exoneration clauses stipulating positive reviews for warranty claims on Shopee, specifically: the inadequate protection afforded to business actors, Shopee's suboptimal efforts in merchant curation, the non-fulfillment of contractual validity requirements, the ineffectiveness of Shopee's Warranty regulations, and the diminution of credibility within the review section.

Contextual teaching and learning (CTL) is recognized as a teaching approach rooted in real-world situations. This research aimed to assess whether the application of CTL can enhance the speaking abilities of hospitality students. The study utilized classroom action research with a total of 27 participants. Participants were chosen through a purposive sampling method. Data collection involved three techniques, including tests, observations, and interviews. The assessment tools utilized in this research comprised authentic assessments, observation checklists, and interview questionnaires. The data were subsequently analyzed using reduction analysis techniques. The findings indicated that in the initial test, only 59.26% of students achieved speaking scores above the benchmark score. In cycle 1, there was an improvement of 25.93%, followed by an additional 29.63% increase in cycle 2. This demonstrates that CTL can effectively aid students in enhancing their speaking skills.

This study aims to analyze the transformation of public services at the village and sub-district levels in the digital era, as well as identify factors that affect the existing service gap, such as limited human resources (HR), low digital literacy of village apparatus, and lack of supporting infrastructure. Although the central government has launched various digitalization programs, such as digital device assistance and human resource training, many villages still face obstacles in implementing technology-based services. This study uses a qualitative approach with case studies in several villages in Indonesia to explore the experiences of village officials and communities related to the digitization of public services. The results of the study show that the majority of village officials have difficulty operating digital technology due to lack of training and digital literacy, while limited infrastructure also hinders the optimization of internet-based services. Village communities who are increasingly aware of the importance of digitalization expect faster and more efficient services, but the digital divide is the main barrier. This research provides recommendations for village governments to increase the digital capacity of village apparatus through continuous training and strengthening digital infrastructure. Overall, the digitization of public services in villages has great potential to improve the efficiency and quality of services, but requires more attention to improving skills and technological facilities at the village level.

This research aims to describe government cooperation in handling the clean water crisis. With a qualitative descriptive approach, the research uses data collection techniques through interviews, observation and documentation. The results of the analysis relate to handling the water crisis by the government, NGOs and the community, making infiltration wells and greening the area around the springs. Regarding power and coercion, he emphasized that there has not been good cooperation between institutions, but each institution has its own participation in handling the water crisis, such as carrying out traditional rituals, using village funds to manage the water crisis, but there are problems such as, there is no good collaboration, management is still based on secular ego, participation between government, private sector and society is still limited. The crisis shows that every government and non-government institution, and the community, has a way to be involved in managing the drinking water crisis, such as coordinating with various parties, creating joint discussions involving the entire government and community, managing rivers, and cleaning water sources. The conclusion of the research is that there is good cooperation between government and non-government institutions starting from the community, village government, district sub-district through related agencies.

This research aims to analyze the relationships among total risk, capital structure, and profitability, and their impact on corporate sustainability, with firm performance acting as a mediator. Corporate sustainability has become increasingly important in today’s competitive and dynamic business environment. A literature review indicates that well-managed total risk can enhance firm performance, while an optimal capital structure contributes to higher profitability. In turn, profitability enables companies to invest in innovation and sustainable development. This study identifies a gap in the existing literature, as few studies integrate these three factors within the context of sustainability. By employing a comprehensive analytical approach, this research seeks to provide deeper insights into how total risk, capital structure, and profitability interact to support corporate sustainability. The findings are expected to significantly contribute to financial management practices and sustainable corporate policies.

Fishing in the waters of Palang Tuban are continuously carried out, one of which is the capture of jengki anchovies (Stolephorus indicus). The purse seine fishing gear is a productive and efficient tool for capturing jengki anchovies without requiring a fish aggregation device (FAD). Fishermen in Palang Waters often experience varying results, where some catch a large amount of fish, while others catch much less. Some fishermen operate their gear for shorter or longer periods, but this does not guarantee a higher catch. This study aims to determine the operational time of the purse seine gear on the catch of jengki anchovies, and also to examine the effect of different operational times on the catch. Data was collected through experiments with two different treatments, each repeated 16 times, totaling 32 data points. The main parameter analyzed in this study was the quantity or weight of the catch. The research method used was experimental fishing with t-test analysis. The results of the t-test with 16 repetitions at 04:00-10:00 WIB and 07:00-13:00 WIB showed average catches of 1.391 kg and 1.234 kg, respectively, with a significance (2-tailed) value of 0.340 > 0.05. The t-test results indicate that H0 is accepted, and H1 is rejected, meaning there is no significant difference between the two time periods.

It is absolutely essential to use environmentally friendly fishing gear that complies with the Code of Conduct for Responsibility (CCRF FAO 1995). This is due to the impact of using non-environmentally friendly fishing gear in the form of environmental damage. Competition between fishing gears to get maximum catches raises concerns about overfishing. Therefore, environmentally friendly fishing gear is a reference in the use of technology and fishing gear. Purse seines are a type of fishing gear that is widely operated, this fishing gear is operated with a single vessel or single Purse Seine boat. The aim of this research is to analyze the level of environmental friendliness of purse seines. Data was obtained using the interview method with 30 respondents.

This research aims to analyze the effect of different setting depths of handline fishing gear on catches of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) in Mentawai waters which are landed at the Bungus Ocean Fishing Port. The research was carried out using field experimental methods at three setting depths, namely 25 meters, 50 meters and 75 meters. The research results show that a depth of 25 meters produces the most optimal catch compared to other depths. This depth has the advantages of abundant availability of target fish, optimal visibility, as well as temperatures and oxygen levels that support fish activity. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Least Significant Difference test (LSD). The analysis results show that differences in depth have a very real influence (**). These findings provide practical guidance in optimizing fishing gear depth to increase catch yields sustainably.

This study aims to analyze the level of environmental friendliness of the bubu fishing gear used by fishermen in Gisik Cemandi Village, Sedati District, Sidoarjo Regency, East Java. The evaluation was carried out using nine criteria for environmentally friendly fishing gear listed in the FAO 1995 Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF), namely selectivity of fishing gear, impact on habitat, safety for fishermen, quality of catch, product safety for consumers, minimization of bycatch, impact on biodiversity, sustainability of protected species, and social acceptance in the community. This study used a survey method involving 30 fisher respondents selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through direct observation, structured interviews with questionnaires, and literature studies. Data analysis was carried out using a score weighting method based on the CCRF criteria. The results showed that the bubu fishing gear in Gisik Cemandi Village generally met the criteria as a very environmentally friendly fishing gear with a total score of 33.4 on a scale of 1–36.

The problems that exist with fishing gear regarding environmental friendliness are becoming more of a concern and priority in marine and fisheries management, such as fishing in Gresik Regency which is carried out using various fishing gear, including the Surface Gillnet. This research was conducted in Gresik Waters in November - December 2024 with the aim of evaluating and determining the level of environmental friendliness of Surface Gillnet fishing gear in Gresik Waters. The method that will be used is a descriptive-qualitative method. This collection comes from respondents, namely fishermen who use surface gillnet fishing gear. The data obtained is in the form of a friendliness level score which includes 9 criteria for environmentally friendly fishing gear based on the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF). The result of calculating the environmental friendliness score is 28.93, which means that the Surface Gillnet fishing gear is an environmentally friendly fishing gear.

This study aims to evaluate various strategies for optimizing parking fees to increase their contribution to the PAD of Malang Regency. The method used is a combination of primary data collection through direct interviews with the Malang District Transportation Office and secondary data in the form of literature, laws and regulations, and data from BPS Malang District. The results showed that there are 68 official parking spots in Kepanjen, all of which are categorized as Public Parking Lots (TJU) with deposits varying from Rp10,000 to Rp300,000 per week. Planned optimization efforts include digitizing the QRIS-based retribution collection system and improving supervision through regular monitoring, applying strict sanctions, and curbing illegal parking attendants. The Malang District Transportation Office targets to increase the contribution of the parking sector to PAD by 20% per year with a target revenue from public roadside parking services by 2025. The implementation of a comprehensive optimization strategy has implications for increasing the effectiveness, transparency, and accountability of parking management so that it can make a significant contribution to strengthening regional finances.

Congenital hypothyroidism is a condition of decreased or non-functioning thyroid gland that is present since newborns. This occurs due to anatomical abnormalities or metabolic disorders of thyroid hormone formation or iodine deficiency. Congenital Hypothyroidism Screening (CHS) is an important health program that aims to detect thyroid disorders early in newborns. Congenital Hypothyroidism Screening is a screening/screening test to sort out babies suffering from Congenital Hypothyroidism from babies who do not suffer. This study aims to determine the effect of health education on pregnant women's knowledge about congenital hypothyroidism screening (CHS). This study used a Pre-Experimental Design with a One Group Pre-test and Post-test Design. The sample consisted of 56 pregnant women with sampling using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection was carried out by questionnaire and analyzed using the Wilcoxon Test. The results of the study obtained that most of the respondents' knowledge before being given the intervention was in the sufficient category (42.9%). While most of the knowledge after being given the intervention was in the good category (78.6%). The Wilcoxon test yielded a p-value of 0.00 < 0.05, indicating an effect of health education on knowledge about congenital hypothyroidism (CHS) screening among pregnant women at the Pulisan Community Health Center. This study is expected to provide input to pregnant women, who should be more critical, especially regarding indicators of understanding, examination timing, and the impact of not undergoing CHS. They can frequently read the KIA book and leaflets provided during counseling sessions to gain better and more quality knowledge.

Background: Duration of labor is a key determinant of childbirth outcomes and may influence the mother’s physiological and psychological state. Prolonged labor is often associated with increased maternal fatigue and emotional stress, which can delay the establishment of early maternal-infant bonding during the taking-hold period. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach. A total of 80 postpartum women who delivered vaginally at hospitals and maternity clinics were recruited through purposive sampling. Data were collected using an observation sheet for labor duration and the Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale (MPAS). Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson’s correlation test with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The findings revealed a significant negative correlation between labor duration and maternal-infant bonding scores (r = -0.432; p = 0.002). Mothers who experienced labor longer than 12 hours demonstrated lower emotional closeness with their infants compared to those with shorter labor (<8 hours). Conclusion: Prolonged labor tends to hinder the development of early maternal-infant bonding. Emotional support and midwifery assistance during the labor process are essential to enhance bonding and psychological well-being in the postpartum period.

Breast milk production in the early postpartum period often experiences obstacles due to physiological and psychological factors, which can affect the success of exclusive breastfeeding. Non-pharmacological interventions such as oxytocin massage are known to help stimulate the milk ejection reflex, but their application in primary health facilities is still limited. This study aims to determine the effect of oxytocin massage on breast milk production in breastfeeding mothers. The study design used a quasi-experimental approach with a one-group pretest–posttest design. The study sample consisted of 30 breastfeeding mothers who met the criteria and were selected using total sampling technique at the Galala Inpatient Health Center. Breast milk production was measured based on volume and clinical signs of breast milk production before and after the oxytocin massage intervention. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results showed a significant increase in breast milk volume and signs of production after the intervention with a p-value < 0.001. This indicates that oxytocin massage is effective in increasing breast milk production through a neurohormonal stimulation mechanism that enhances the let-down reflex. In conclusion, oxytocin massage can be recommended as a lactation support intervention in primary care facilities to support successful exclusive breastfeeding.

Mothers' knowledge and attitudes play a crucial role in the success of the basic immunization program for infants. This study aimed to analyze the effect of counseling using the discussion method on improving mothers' knowledge and attitudes regarding basic immunization for infants aged 0-12 months. The study used a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design with a sample of 30 mothers selected through purposive sampling. The research instrument consisted of a knowledge and attitude questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. The intervention was conducted through a 60-minute focus group discussion, which included an initial presentation, active discussion, scientific clarification, and conclusion drawing. The results showed a significant increase in knowledge, from an average score of 9.13 to 13.47 (p = 0.000), and in attitudes, from an average score of 31.50 to 41.30 (p = 0.000). The distribution of categories also showed a significant shift towards better knowledge and attitudes after the intervention. This study concluded that the discussion method was effective in improving mothers' understanding and forming positive attitudes towards basic immunization, making it worthy of recommendation as an educational method in health care facilities.

The nation's ideals to pay attention to the number of children with Disaster Families are the paradigm of the National Family Planning Family Planning Program which in 2015 had become a Quality Family Program. The type of research in this study is an analytical observational study using case control stimuli which is used to study the extent to which risk factors influence the occurrence of an effect. This research uses a retrospective approach, by identifying causal factors in past events. The sample to be used in this study was 35 mothers who visited the Ely Midwife Clinic and participated in the 3-month injection family planning program from January to April 2022. Acceptors of 3-month injection family planning are at greater risk of experiencing greater weight gain than non-acceptors of 3-month injection family planning, so that 3-month injection family planning has a greater influence than non-acceptors of 3-month injection family planning. 3-month injection contraception is not the main factor causing weight gain, as shown by the results of the Cochran & Mantel Haenszel significance test, the results obtained were X2 count (2.089) < X2 Table (3.841) or p (0.148) > α (0.050) and CI (0.872; 6.118). The benefits of this study can be used as a consideration for further research. Through a larger number of respondents and the number of variables, such as age, food intake, lifestyle, activity, and others. Midwives and other health workers can provide counseling about the side effects of 3-month injection contraception so that there is no concern from the acceptors of the contraception.

Every baby is expected to receive five complete basic immunizations. Complete basic immunization coverage is the percentage of babies aged 0-11 months who have received five complete basic immunizations according to the number and time of basic immunization. This study aims to find the relationship between husband's support as an independent variable and the mother's attitude in infant immunization as a dependent variable, each of which data is collected at the same time. The sample in this study were 45 babies registered at the Gebang Health Center, Langkat Regency for May to July 2021, with the research sample method being total sampling. This research was conducted at the Gebang Health Center, Langkat Regency. From the results of the study, there is a significant relationship between husband's support and the mother's attitude in providing infant immunization in the Gebang Health Center work area, Jl.Jendral Sudirman No.104 Langkat. The correlation strength (r) is 0.730, indicating the relationship between the two variables in the strong degree category. The direction of the positive correlation (+) indicates that the greater the husband's support, the more positive the mother's attitude in providing infant immunization. The results and discussion of the study are expected to be a reference for nursing students in: Conducting further research on factors that can influence mothers' attitudes in providing infant immunization.

Asphyxia is a condition in which a baby has difficulty breathing spontaneously and regularly immediately after birth, so that it cannot obtain oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from its body. This condition occurs due to pathological changes caused by a lack of oxygen in the respiratory system, which can result in hypoxia and hypercapnia. Asphyxia can also be grouped into two types, namely primary asphyxia that occurs when a baby is born and secondary asphyxia that occurs some time after birth. This study aims to determine what factors influence the incidence of asphyxia at RSUD DR Tengku Mansyur Tanjungbalai City in 2023. The type of research is an analytical survey study with a cross-sectional design used to determine the relationship between maternal age, gestational age, parity, and amniotic fluid with the occurrence of neonatal asphyxia at RSUD DR Tengku Mansyur Tanjungbalai City in 2023. The research sample consisted of 25 people, who were selected using a sampling technique with the Total Sampling Technique. The results of the bivariate analysis using the Fisher's Exact Test showed a p-value of 0.344. Thus, it can be concluded that there is no statistically significant relationship between maternal age and the incidence of neonatal asphyxia at DR. Tengku Mansyur Regional Hospital, Tanjung Balai City, in 2023.

Birth balls can assist mothers during the first stage of labor by promoting labor progress. Their benefits include increasing blood flow to the uterus, placenta, and baby, widening the pelvic outlet, reducing knee and ankle discomfort, providing counter-pressure on the perineum and thighs, and utilizing gravity to aid fetal descent. This process facilitates cervical dilation and shortens labor duration. This study examines the effect of birth ball therapy on first-stage labor progress in women giving birth at the Putri May Sarah Clinic, Percut Sei Tuan District, Deli Serdang Regency, in 2024. A quasi-experimental method with a two-group design was used, involving 20 participants. Data analysis was conducted using the Mann-Whitney test. Results showed a significant difference between the intervention and control groups, with a sig value of 0.029 (<0.05) and a z-table value of 2.189. These findings indicate that birth ball therapy positively influences first-stage labor progress. Women who used birth balls experienced faster cervical dilation and fetal descent compared to those who did not. This study highlights the benefits of birth ball therapy as a non-invasive method to improve labor outcomes. The Putri May Sarah Clinic is encouraged to promote birth ball use as a supportive measure for laboring mothers. By implementing birth ball therapy, the clinic can enhance maternal comfort and facilitate a smoother, shorter first stage of labor.