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This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the reward program in improving employee loyalty and work discipline at Bank Mandiri. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using the literature study method, through the collection and analysis of secondary data obtained from official Bank Mandiri reports, academic journals, labor regulations, and media articles related to human resource management policies. The findings reveal that the implementation of both financial rewards (competitive salaries, performance-based bonuses, and welfare benefits) and non-financial rewards (recognition, promotions, and career development programs) has a positive impact on enhancing employee loyalty and work discipline. A fair, transparent, and sustainable reward system fosters a sense of belonging, strengthens affective commitment, and cultivates a productive and professional work culture. Moreover, the data indicate a decline in disciplinary violations over the past three years, demonstrating the effectiveness of the reward system as a form of positive reinforcement. This study highlights the importance of reward policies as a strategic instrument in human resource management and recommends that companies continuously adapt their reward systems to align with employee needs and the evolving work environment.

The formation of women’s morality is a complex process involving the interaction between cognitive and affective dimensions in human psychological development. Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory emphasizes that morality develops through logical stages of reasoning oriented toward universal principles of justice, while Martin L. Hoffman highlights empathy as the affective foundation driving moral behavior. This study aims to integrate these two theories to provide a comprehensive understanding of women’s moral formation through a qualitative-analytical library research approach. The analysis examines the assumptions, strengths, and limitations of each theory to identify the convergence between cognitive morality and affective empathy. The findings reveal that justice and care are complementary aspects of human morality. Empathy serves as the emotional engine motivating moral actions, whereas cognitive reasoning provides direction and justification. Mature women’s morality is not solely based on care or empathy but represents a dynamic synthesis between rational thought and emotional understanding. This integration reflects a more holistic and contextual view of morality grounded in social relationships and human connectedness. Practically, this study recommends a moral education model that integrates rationality and empathy as the foundation for developing women’s character. Such an approach is essential to foster a generation capable of discerning right from wrong through logic while also possessing deep social awareness and emotional responsibility.

This study aims to analyze the strategy of library management and development in increasing reading interest in SMAN 3 Medan and identify factors that influence students' reading interest. This study uses a qualitative method with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that library management and development at SMA N 3 Medan play a crucial role in increasing students' reading interest. The strategies implemented include the procurement of a varied book collection that is relevant to students' needs, improving the quality of library services, and creating a comfortable and conducive environment for reading. In addition, the library also acts as a center for literacy activities by holding various programs such as book discussions, interactive reading corners, and digital literacy training. This study also found that students' reading interest at SMA N 3 Medan was influenced by various factors, including the school environment, availability of library facilities, students' intrinsic motivation, family support, and social and cultural influences. Supportive school environmental factors, such as proactive school policies in improving literacy and the role of teachers in encouraging students to read, also contributed to increasing reading interest.

This study aims to identify and analyze effective learning strategies for improving Qur’an reading and writing skills among elementary school students. The ability to read and write the Qur’an serves as an essential foundation for students’ spiritual, moral, and cognitive development, shaping their Islamic character from an early age. This research employs a descriptive approach using a literature study method that reviews various sources, including books, journals, and previous studies related to Qur’an learning at the elementary school level. The findings indicate that a combination of several innovative strategies proves to be highly effective in enhancing Qur’an literacy skills. These strategies include the use of engaging and interactive digital learning media, the application of contextual learning approaches that connect Qur’anic teachings to students’ daily lives, and the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning model to foster critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Furthermore, strengthening students’ intrinsic motivation through a supportive and religious learning environment plays a crucial role in maintaining learning interest and discipline. The integrated implementation of these strategies not only improves students’ technical ability to read and write the Qur’an but also reinforces their character, responsibility, and spiritual awareness in the context of Islamic education at the elementary level.

Implementation Artificial Intelligence as a supporting model for e-learning still faces several challenges. This is due to several aspects, such as concerns about loss spiritual touch, low digital literacy educators, limited technological infrastructure in educational institutions, and so on. On the other hand, the interaction that occurs between students and teachers is an emotional and moral dimension that occurs. The purpose study is to analyze the use AI as supporting model for e-learning in Islamic education. In this study, the method used is descriptive qualitative research. The findings study are (1) Views Islamic education practitioners on Artificial Intelligence, one which is that the existence Artificial Intelligence is not absolute replacement between students and teachers. However, Artificial Intelligence is considered means or tool in understanding learning; (2) The results  analysis explain that several AI (Artificial Intelligence) in e-learning in Islamic education have been present in several forms, including increasing access and inclusivity, translating and understanding classical manuscripts, analyzing learning and automatic assessment, material recommendation systems and learning personalization, as well Chatbots and virtual learning assistants; (3) Concept Islamic education is not only oriented towards the transfer knowledge (ta'lim), but also the formation of morals and spirituality (tarbiyah and ta'dib).

This study aims to examine in-depth the cultural, social, and religious values ​​embodied in the traditional Jaipong dance and their relevance to cultural development in Islamic Religious Education (PAI). The approach used was a qualitative study based on literature review with an ethnopedagogical perspective, which views local culture as a source of learning. The results indicate that Jaipong Dance not only possesses aesthetic elements as part of artistic expression, but also contains moral, social, and spiritual values ​​that reflect the character of the Sundanese people. These values ​​include discipline, creativity, cooperation, courtesy, self-confidence, and a spirit of togetherness and nationalism. All of these values ​​align with the principles of Islamic education, which emphasize noble morals, respect for culture, and the development of student character. Therefore, the integration of local arts and culture, such as Jaipong, into Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning, can enrich educational methods, provide contextual learning, and foster students' love for Islamic values ​​that are more humanistic, inclusive, and applicable in everyday life.

Customer satisfaction and loyalty are central issues in marketing management, as both play crucial roles in ensuring business sustainability amid increasing competition. Satisfied customers tend to make repeat purchases, provide positive recommendations, and build long-term relationships with the company. Therefore, understanding the factors that influence customer satisfaction and loyalty has become an important agenda for both academics and practitioners. This study aims to address two main questions: (1) What factors influence customer satisfaction? and (2) How does satisfaction contribute to the formation of customer loyalty? The method used is a literature review, selecting articles from various online databases such as ResearchGate, Academia, and open-access journals using the keywords customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Of the 45 identified articles, 20 were selected for in-depth analysis. The review results reveal three main trends: first, service and product quality are the most consistent determinants of satisfaction; second, price, promotion, and brand image play significant roles; and third, customer trust is an essential variable that strengthens the satisfaction–loyalty relationship. Overall, satisfaction functions as the main mediating variable in the formation of customer loyalty.

This research aims to analyze the challenges and solutions of Islamic education in the digital era in an effort to maintain religious values in the midst of the rapid flow of modernization and technological development. This research uses the library research method by examining various relevant literature sources, such as books, journals, and previous research results. The results of the study show that technological advances have a great influence on students' learning patterns, behaviors, and moral values. However, with the right strategy, technology can also be used as a means of da'wah and strengthening Islamic character. Efforts that need to be made include the integration of Islamic values in digital-based learning, improving teachers' competence in technological literacy, and collaboration between schools, families, and communities. This research emphasizes that Islamic education must be adaptive to the development of the times, but still adhere to religious values in order to produce a generation of Muslims who are intelligent, faithful, and noble. In addition, curriculum innovation that is responsive to the needs of the times and the use of safe and directed digital media is needed to support the formation of students' character comprehensively.

Halal tourism has continued to grow as a highly attractive segment for Muslim travelers, particularly in the provision of Sharia-compliant accommodation such as Islamic hotels. This study aims to examine consumer perceptions of halal food-and-beverage facilities and Sharia-based operational standards in Islamic hotels across the Greater Jakarta area (Jabodetabek). A descriptive quantitative approach was employed, involving 150 respondents who had stayed in Sharia hotels. Data were collected through closed-ended Likert-scale questionnaires and analyzed using the Weighted Mean Score (WMS) technique to evaluate respondents’ assessments of each indicator. The results indicate that consumer perception of halal food-and-beverage facilities falls into the very high category, with average scores exceeding 4.838. Consumers acknowledged that Sharia hotels maintain halal assurance, hygiene, and food safety through proper processing and the availability of halal certification. Regarding operational aspects, consumer perception is also classified as very good, with an average score of 4.606, particularly for policies prohibiting unmarried couples from sharing a room and banning entertainment deemed inappropriate or immoral. However, the use of Sharia-compliant financial institutions still requires improvement. Overall, the findings affirm that Sharia hotels in Jabodetabek have successfully implemented most Sharia principles, although further enhancement of internal operational practices is needed to achieve more comprehensive Sharia compliance.

This study aims to examine and explain the influence of customer experience, service quality, and promotion on the decision to use the OVO application among Uniska Kediri students. The research applied a probability sampling method using a saturated sample approach for an unknown population, calculated through the Hair formula, and obtained 114 respondents. The data were analyzed using several statistical tests, including validity, reliability, normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, linearity, and determination (R²), processed through SPSS version 25.The research findings show that the customer experience variable does not have a significant effect on the decision to use the OVO application, with a significance value of 0.380 > 0.05 and a t-count of 0.882 < t-table of 1.981. Similarly, the service quality variable also does not significantly affect the decision to use, with a significance value of 0.833 > 0.05 and a t-count of 0.211 < t-table of 1.981. In contrast, the promotion variable has a significant positive effect on the decision to use the OVO application, with a significance value of 0.001 < 0.05 and a t-count of 3.287 > t-table of 1.981. Simultaneously, customer experience, service quality, and promotion collectively have a significant influence, with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05 and an F-count of 6.883 > F-table of 2.69. The R² value reflects the combined effect of these variables on user decisions.

This research was conducted on consumers of Ultra Milk UHT milk in Pameungpeuk District, Bandung Regency. The focus of this study is to determine the influence of green marketing and brand image on purchasing decisions, both gradually and partially. This study will use descriptive and associative methods. In this study, the unit of analysis is the individual, namely consumers of Ultra Milk UHT milk in Pameungpeuk District, Bandung Regency. The sample in this study was 150 respondents. Sampling was collected using certain considerations or criteria. The sampling method used in this study was multiple linear regression analysis. In addition, the validity and reliability of the research instrument based on research findings showed that variables were partially and simultaneously influenced by green marketing and brand image on the dependent variable (purchase decisions). The influence of green marketing on purchasing decisions was 24.62%, while the influence of brand image on purchasing decisions was 59%. The influence of green marketing and brand image on purchasing decisions was 83.8%.

This article examines the operational management model of villages in Garut Regency, West Java, by emphasizing four key dimensions: governance, digital innovation, community participation, and the optimization of local resources. The study explores how the integration of participatory governance, technological innovation, and local potential can strengthen the effectiveness of village development and build an adaptive, sustainable governance system in the era of digital transformation. Using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, the research analyzes scientific publications and policy documents sourced from international databases such as Scopus and Web of Science, as well as national references including the 2025–2030 Garut Regency Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMD) and reports from the Ministry of Villages, Disadvantaged Regions, and Transmigration. From an initial pool of 126 publications, 32 primary sources were examined through thematic coding to identify patterns, relationships, and key insights related to village governance, multi-actor collaboration, and public service digitalization. The findings reveal that good governance enhances transparency and accountability, digital innovation improves efficiency and data-driven decision-making, community participation strengthens social legitimacy, and the optimization of local resources supports sustainable economic value creation. These elements form the “Integrative Operational Management Model for Garut Villages,” which emphasizes adaptive collaboration and data-based management. The study also proposes practical strategies related to digital capacity-building, participatory planning, and applied research.

Tourism is a type of business in the service sector. As a business, it requires the formulation of an appropriate marketing strategy to ensure its sustainability. The purpose of this study was to determine the marketing strategy of Mekarbuana Tourism to increase visitor interest. The study was conducted with Mekarbuana Tourism managers, using descriptive qualitative research through a SWOT analysis. The results showed that Mekarbuana Tourism's marketing strategy needs to be developed using a diversification strategy through various programs and policies such as digital promotion, training and mentoring for managers in developing tourism products, and developing educational tourism. Cooperation between institutions is also necessary for the strategy to be implemented effectively. Mekarbuana Tourism managers need a joint commitment with tourism awareness groups, village officials, and the Karawang Regency government to support their efforts to increase visitor interest.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a vital role in Indonesia’s economic growth by creating employment opportunities and contributing significantly to the national GDP. However, their contribution to the country’s tax revenue remains relatively low compared to their overall economic impact. This study aims to examine the contribution of the MSME sector to Indonesia’s tax revenue and to identify the factors influencing this contribution level. The research employs a descriptive quantitative approach using secondary data from Statistics Indonesia (BPS), the Directorate General of Taxes (DGT), and the Ministry of Finance covering the period 2018–2023. The findings indicate that the tax contribution from MSMEs has gradually increased over the years, although it still accounts for less than one percent of total national tax revenue. This positive trend is supported by the implementation of lower tax rates, the digitalization of tax systems, and the growing tax awareness among business owners. The study suggests that further administrative simplification and stronger government support are essential to enhance the role of MSMEs in strengthening Indonesia’s fiscal capacity

Macroeconomic indicators are essential instruments in the process of planning a country's development. Assumptions regarding inflation, unemployment, and economic growth are often used by governments to determine macroeconomic policies. Given this context, it becomes important to empirically understand the relationship among these three macroeconomic indicators in Indonesia. This study statistically examines the relationship between the variables of inflation, unemployment, and economic growth using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) method. The results show that inflation and the open unemployment rate significantly influence economic growth. Inflation has a positive relationship with economic growth, while the open unemployment rate has an inverse relationship with economic growth. In the short term, economic growth is significantly affected by the growth rate in the previous period (lag-1 or t-1). Meanwhile, inflation and the open unemployment rate do not statistically have a significant impact on economic growth. Shocks to inflation and the open unemployment rate are relatively not excessively responded to by economic growth.

Presently, several micro, little, and medium firms (MSMEs) encounter more intricate difficulties in financial management, particularly concerning efficient capital planning and allocation.  Numerous business proprietors continue to struggle with the effective management of financial resources due to insufficient financial knowledge regarding principles, a lack of confidence in resource management, an unsupportive financial attitude, or reliance on misconceptions about finance.  This study aims to examine the impact of financial knowledge, financial self-efficacy, and financial attitude on the capital budgeting decisions of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Bandar Lampung.  This research employs a quantitative methodology with primary data gathered from 401 respondents chosen via purposive sampling.  Prior to the analysis of the data utilizing multiple linear regression with SPSS software, it underwent testing for validity, reliability, and classical assumptions.  The findings indicated that financial knowledge, financial self-efficacy, and financial attitude exerted a positive and significant impact on capital budgeting decisions, both individually and collectively.  The results affirm that the Theory of Planned Behavior is crucial in elucidating how knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes underpin rational, strategic, and sustainable decision-making for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs).

The digital era has significantly impacted various sectors of life, including the development of the Islamic economy. Young people, as the majority of digital technology users, hold a strategic role in accelerating the growth and advancement of Islamic economics. This study aims to analyze the role of youth in driving the transformation of Islamic economics in the digital era, particularly through technological financial innovations (Islamic fintech), Islamic economic literacy, and the utilization of social media as a medium for education and halal product promotion. This research employs a qualitative method with a literature review approach, examining relevant references from journals, books, and recent digital sources. The findings reveal that youth are not only consumers but also innovators, entrepreneurs, and change agents in advancing the Islamic economy. Their involvement in Sharia-based start-ups, halal e-commerce, and the digitalization of zakat, infaq, sadaqah, and waqf (ZISWAF) provides concrete evidence of their contribution. In conclusion, youth serve as the key driver in the acceleration of digital-based Islamic economics, provided that their roles are supported by improved literacy, adequate regulations, and an inclusive digital ecosystem.

Inflation, unemployment, and deflation are three fundamental macroeconomic phenomena that are closely interconnected in influencing a nation’s economic stability. These variables illustrate the equilibrium between production capacity, consumption behavior, and government intervention in achieving sustainable economic growth. The main purpose of this study is to explore the interrelationship between inflation, unemployment, and deflation, and to assess their implications for Indonesia’s economic stability. This research applies a qualitative descriptive method, employing literature reviews, document analysis, and secondary data evaluation derived from credible institutions such as the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), Bank Indonesia (BI), and the Ministry of Finance. The results suggest that a moderate level of inflation can positively stimulate economic expansion through increased consumption and investment activities. In contrast, excessive inflation tends to erode consumer purchasing power and potentially elevate unemployment rates. Meanwhile, prolonged deflationary conditions may lead to a decline in product prices, reduced business profitability, and slower economic momentum. The interaction among these three factors is complex and dynamic, necessitating a coordinated balance between fiscal and monetary policies to safeguard overall economic stability. This study concludes that effective inflation control, job creation, and deflation prevention are critical elements in strengthening Indonesia’s long-term economic resilience.

The employee leave application information system is a digital solution designed to simplify the process of submitting, approving, and managing leave within an institution. This internship project resulted in the development of a system called SiCuti, which was built using the Laravel framework with a MySQL database. The system provides two main roles: employees and administrators/supervisors. Employees can apply for leave according to their entitlements, such as annual leave with a maximum of 12 working days, maternity leave for 3 months, pilgrimage leave (Hajj) which can be taken once during their service period, as well as special leave for important reasons such as marriage or the death of an immediate family member, typically lasting 1–3 days. When applying, employees may also upload supporting documents and monitor the status of their applications through the leave status menu.Administrators or supervisors have broader authority, including reviewing the list of leave requests, approving or rejecting applications, and managing employee leave quotas to ensure compliance with regulations. In addition, administrators can track the complete leave history of employees through an integrated dashboard. This feature supports faster, more transparent, and accountable decision-making processes.The results of local testing indicate that SiCuti has the potential to increase efficiency in administrative leave processes that were previously carried out manually, making them faster, more transparent, and more structured. The interactive dashboard design also facilitates monitoring from both employees and administrators. With the implementation of SiCuti, it is expected that the leave management process can reduce the risk of human error, ensure data accuracy, and support transparency and accountability in human resource management once the system is fully deployed within the institution.

Power transformers are crucial in the electrical distribution system, and their operational stability is significantly affected by load imbalance among phases. Load imbalance can lead to the flow of neutral current through the neutral conductor, causing additional power losses in the transformer. This study analyzes the impact of load imbalance on neutral current and power losses at Transformer 1 (30 MVA capacity, 70/20 kV) at the Bungaran Substation. Data such as phase current, neutral current, and power losses were measured at 12:00 and 21:00. At 12:00, the transformer’s full-load current was 839.17 A with a loading of 28.44% and a load imbalance of 0.74%, resulting in a neutral current of 4.36 A (1.83% of load current). The power loss due to neutral current was 12.64 W (4.36×10-5 %), and the loss due to neutral current flowing to the ground was 760 W (2.62×10-3 %). At 21:00, the full-load current decreased to 834.46 A, with a loading of 29.36% and a higher load imbalance of 1.36%. This caused a neutral current of 7.94 A (3.24%), with a power loss of 41.90 W (1.43×10-4 %) and a ground power loss of 2.52 W (8.60×10-3 %). The power losses were minimal compared to the transformer’s capacity, having little effect on system efficiency. However, maintaining load balance is essential for system efficiency and transformer longevity.