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This study aims to analyse the communication signs contained in the series Friends Season 5, Episode 15 entitled ‘Girl Who Hits Joey’ using semiotic analysis of Paul Ekman's Facial Action Coding System (FACS). This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The research data was obtained from the fifth season of the television sitcom America Friends aired on NBC from 24 September 1998 to 20 May 1999. Data collection techniques were reading, observation (watching) and note taking. Data analysis was done by data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that in the television sitcom America Friends there is an explanation of the signs and meanings of expressions that are transparent in the continuity of the running of the communication represented through verbal and nonverbal signs. The values are expressed explicitly through conversations and monologues of the characters, and expressed implicitly through the actions and attitudes of the characters in living life. Thus, it can be concluded that through the medium of television sitcoms, Actors are able to convey these values and ensure that every emotion felt by their characters is perfectly expressed on their faces.

Violent behavior is a major challenge in the care of patients with mental disorders, particularly in acute conditions such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Families and caregivers often lack the knowledge and skills needed to handle crisis situations, thereby increasing the risk of injury and patient relapse. The aim of this program was to enhance the capacity of families and caregivers in managing violent behavior through de-escalation technique training. Used was a two-day face-to-face training (May 2–3, 2025) at RSKD Dadi Makassar involving 10 participants. Activities included interactive lectures, group discussions, simulations, and pre- and post-test evaluations. The training materials were designed based on evidence-based practices, covering empathetic communication, emotional regulation, and conflict management strategies. Of the program showed an increase in understanding of de-escalation techniques from 30% to 90%, improved conflict response ability from 20% to 80%, and a reduction in violent incidents from 12 to 4 occurrences in the week following the training. All participants also expressed satisfaction with the training. De-escalation technique training proved effective in increasing the preparedness of families and caregivers in dealing with violent behavior in patients with mental disorders. This approach is essential for creating a safer, more humane, and recovery-oriented care environment

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease whose prevalence continues to increase due to changes in lifestyle and lack of physical activity, especially in the productive age population. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia can cause various serious complications such as nerve, kidney, vision disorders, and cardiovascular disease. Early detection of blood sugar levels is very important to identify risks early and prevent disease progression. The Community Service Program (PKM) implemented at the Asisi Church, Tebet District, aims to increase public awareness of the importance of early detection of diabetes through blood sugar screening activities. This activity uses the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) approach, including capillary blood tests with Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) tools and education about risk factors, symptoms, and prevention of diabetes. Of the 68 participants involved, it was found that 10 people (14.7%) had diabetes, 13 people (19.12%) had prediabetes, and 45 people (66.18%) had normal blood sugar levels. These results emphasize the importance of early detection to prevent long-term complications and encourage people to maintain metabolic health in order to improve quality of life sustainably.

Survey results from 97% of pregnant women in Indonesia and Central Java related to sleep disturbances in 2016 show that pregnant women in the second and third trimesters often wake up at night, and in the second and third trimesters, pregnant women often experience sleep disturbances. An increase in the gestational age of the mother causes this. Based on the results of a preliminary study conducted in January 2023 by the researcher at BPM (Independent Practice Midwife) Indri Sujarwo Demak on ten pregnant women who filled out a questionnaire, it was found that seven pregnant women experienced poor sleep quality and three pregnant women experienced good sleep quality. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the frequency of pregnancy exercise and the sleep quality of pregnant women. This type of research was observational, using an analytic survey method. The design of this study used a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study was all pregnant women who participated in pregnancy exercises with 50 students. Retrieval of data using a total sampling technique. The instrument used is the sleep quality questionnaire (PSQI). The statistical test used was the Chi-Square test. The results of the study were that there was a p-value of 0.000, so that the p-value (0.000) < α (0.05), it can be concluded that there is a relationship between the frequency of pregnancy exercise and sleep quality with an R-value of 0.619, which means that the level of the relationship is strong. It is hoped that this research can practice and expand information for pregnant women about the importance of attending pregnancy exercise classes and applying it at home so that pregnant women sleep better and reduce discomfort during childbirth.

This article discusses the Double Movement theory developed by Fazlur Rahman as a hermeneutic method in the renewal of Islamic law. This theory emphasizes two main movements: first, understanding the socio-historical context of the revelation of the Qur'an to explore universal moral values ​​behind legal provisions; second, actualizing these values ​​into contemporary social and cultural contexts. Through a literature review and case analysis on aspects of family law and economic law in Indonesia, this article shows how the Double Movement theory provides more flexible, dynamic, and relevant interpretive solutions. This approach allows Islamic law to adapt to modern social dynamics without losing its transcendental moral essence. In addition, this approach opens up space for progressive and contextual ijtihad, which is greatly needed in responding to various new challenges in Muslim society. Thus, this theory makes an important contribution to the development of an Islamic legal methodology that is responsive and inclusive to the changing times.

This study aims to examine how the stories of the prophets in the Qur’an can serve as an effective medium for character building in children from an early age. The research is motivated by the growing need for character education amidst the moral challenges of modern times, and by the strong potential of prophetic stories to convey Islamic values such as honesty, patience, responsibility, and monotheism. A qualitative approach was employed through a literature review method. The findings indicate that the stories of Prophet Musa (Moses), Ibrahim (Abraham), Muhammad, and Yunus (Jonah) contain relevant and applicable character values for children. By presenting moral teachings through storytelling, these narratives allow children to internalize values in an engaging and meaningful way. When delivered according to the child’s developmental stage, prophetic stories become an educational tool that effectively nurtures religious, responsible, and noble character. This study is expected to contribute to the development of Islamic value-based character education models in both family and formal educational settings.

The Merdeka Curriculum is a new policy developed by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology as an effort to restore learning after the COVID-19 pandemic and improve the 2013 Curriculum. This curriculum emphasizes flexibility, student-centered learning, and strengthening character through the Pancasila learner profile. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of implementing Merdeka Curriculum in improving the quality of education in Indonesia. The method used is a literature study with a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were obtained from 25 scientific articles, and after selection, 10 articles were declared relevant. The study results show that the Merdeka Curriculum has a positive impact on the quality of education, such as increasing creativity, independence, 21st century skills, and teacher professionalism. However, the implementation of this curriculum also faces obstacles, such as limited facilities, uneven teacher training, and disparities between education units. Therefore, continuous training, consistent supervision, and equitable policy support are needed to optimize the implementation of Merdeka Curriculum.

Learning in phase E of SMK Negeri 1 Sooko Mojokerto contains elements of Basic Sewing Techniques (TDM), namely students can make various kinds of seam allowances. The obstacles experienced by students are that students find it difficult to create various kinds of seam allowances, because the practice made is more than 3 kinds and students often forget the process of making it, even the value obtained is still below the achievement of learning objectives (KKTP). One thing that can encourage students in learning in the classroom is that educators provide media in the form of learning modules aimed at learning guidelines that can be used by students. This research method uses R&D by implementing ADDIE which can have 5 stages including analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. The findings from the results of this learning module are based on the validator of materials and media which get an average of 3.48 which is declared feasible. The learning outcomes of students after implementing the module are achieved classically around 91% declared complete.

The persistence of educational inequality in Indonesia remains evident today. This situation parallels the depiction in Andrea Hirata’s 2005 novel Laskar Pelangi, indicating that the social critique offered by the work has yet to effect widespread change. This study uses a sociological-literary approach to analyze representations of educational inequity in Indonesia as portrayed in Laskar Pelangi. The research uses a descriptive qualitative method, treating novel excerpts as primary and reports as secondary data. Thematic analysis is applied, and data validity is ensured through triangulation within a cross-sectional timeframe. Based on eight data points presented in the results table, the discussion details how the novel illustrates disparities in educational access across six dimensions: infrastructure, teacher availability, facility provision, student distribution, assessment processes, and talent development. These findings reveal the social function of literature as a form of social criticism that can raise public awareness and inform policy initiatives aimed at achieving more equitable education in Indonesia.

The development of information technology has had a major impact on the world of education, especially for prospective teachers and students interacting in the teaching and learning process. However, in many educational units, the utilization of educational learning technology is not fully optimal. This study serves to analyze the effect of technology-based learning media utilization on student learning outcomes at SMKN 4 Medan. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection methods through interviews with the principal, one teacher, and three students. The interview instrument consisted of ten questions designed to explore the use, constraints, and impact of technology in the learning process. The results show that the school has provided technological facilities and encouraged teachers to utilize them, although not all teachers are able to integrate technological media to the fullest. Teachers acknowledge that digital media helps solve educational problems that occur at SMKN 4 Medan. From the students' side, technology-based learning is interesting and helps understanding, but there are still obstacles in the availability of devices and distraction of learning focus.

This article explores the ethical principles in the use of intelligence tests in the field of counseling. As a diagnostic tool, intelligence tests provide important information about clients' cognitive potential. However, their implementation requires ethical awareness from counselors, including informed consent, data confidentiality, fairness, and cultural sensitivity. The study emphasizes the role of ethics in promoting responsible assessments and client well-being. Findings indicate that counselors who adhere to ethical standards deliver more accurate and supportive counseling interventions.

This study aims to analyze the personality competence of ninth-grade teachers at SMP Negeri 23 Medan based on students' perceptions. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach with data collected through observation and in-depth interviews involving nine purposively selected students. The findings reveal that most teachers demonstrated basic aspects of personality competence, such as punctuality and responsibility. However, several issues were identified, including emotional instability in handling classroom situations, favoritism, and the use of physical punishment as a disciplinary method. These findings indicate that teachers' personality competence still needs improvement, particularly in emotional regulation, fairness, and role modeling. The study recommends structured and continuous personality development programs for teachers to foster a positive classroom environment and support students' character development.    

The principle of freedom of contract is a fundamental tenet in contract law that grants parties the autonomy to determine the content, form, and subjects of an agreement. In the context of business contracts in Indonesia, this principle plays a vital role in providing flexibility for business actors to regulate their legal relationships independently. However, in practice, the implementation of this principle often faces various challenges, such as unequal bargaining power between parties and legal interventions aimed at protecting weaker parties. This study aims to analyze how the principle of freedom of contract is applied in the practice of business contracts in Indonesia, as well as the legal boundaries that limit such freedom. A normative juridical method is employed, using statutory and case study approaches. The findings indicate that contractual freedom in Indonesia is not absolute but is restricted by positive law, propriety, and public order. Therefore, a balance is required between contractual freedom and legal protection in the drafting of business contracts.  

Marriage is a sacred bond recognized by religion and the state. In the context of religion, marriage has a very important role in the life of a Muslim, including the Spiritual Foundation and Worship, Maintaining Pious and Pious Offspring. Marriage in Islam also aims to produce pious and pious offspring. Religion provides guidance on how to educate children with good religious and moral values. In the context of positive law, the state gives authority to the validity or invalidity of a marriage to each religion.Communication in the family is the process of exchanging information, feelings. Communication in the family is the process of exchanging information, feelings, and ideas between family members to create harmonious relationships, mutual understanding, and support each other. The Importance of Communication in the Family is very useful for avoiding conflict in the household. The importance of communication in the family is as follows: Building Harmonious Relationships Good communication strengthens the bonds between family members, creating an atmosphere full of love and mutual understanding.

This study aims to describe the role and variation of Indonesian language used in various communication contexts. The focus of the study is how Indonesian language functions as an efficient communication medium and how language variation is adjusted to conditions, goals, and conversation partners. This study applies a qualitative descriptive approach with observation, interview, and documentation methods as a means of data collection. Data sources are obtained from language use in educational environments, mass media, and the wider community. The results of the study indicate that Indonesian language has instrumental, regulatory, interactional, personal, heuristic, imaginative, and representational functions. In addition, the language variations found include formal, non-formal, spoken, and written variations, each of which is applied according to the social and situational context. These findings show how important it is to understand the function and variation of language in improving language competence appropriately and effectively.

The film The Devil Wears Prada portrays various aspects of hedonism, especially in the pursuit of pleasure, luxury, and social status. These behaviors are increasingly visible today, especially among Generation Z and people of all ages, where the desire for immediate gratification strongly influences lifestyle and personal choices. This growing presence of hedonistic values inspires the writers to explore the concept more deeply, aiming to understand how it shapes attitudes and decisions in contemporary society. The aim is to recognize and comprehend the different forms of hedonism depicted in the film. This study employs a qualitative explanation approach to examine the attitudes, conversations, and actions of the key characters: Miranda Priestly, Andrea Sachs, and Emily Charlton. The results indicate that six categories of hedonism arise, according to Weijers’ (2012) framework: folk hedonism (25%), value/prudential hedonism (20%), motivational hedonism (18%), normative hedonism (12%), egoist hedonism (15%), and utilitarian hedonism (10%). Among them, folk hedonism is the most common, particularly in characters that pursue immediate pleasure without considering the long-term consequences. The research finds that The Devil Wears Prada illustrates how hedonism affects character growth and choices, reflecting real-life patterns where immediate gratification frequently overshadows long-term repercussions.

The prevalence of cardiovascular disease has continued to increase over the years, leading the World Health Organization (WHO) to designate it as a global health threat. Pycnogenol, a proprietary name for proanthocyanidins—a specific class of bioflavonoids—is known for its potent antioxidant properties. It neutralizes unstable oxygen molecules, or free radicals, that damage body cells. One of the notable benefits of Pycnogenol is its positive effect on cardiovascular health. This study aims to evaluate the effects and potential benefits of Pycnogenol consumption in relation to cardiovascular disease. This article uses a literature review method by collecting scientific articles published within the last ten years (2014–2024) from reputable online sources such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink. The results of the study show that Pycnogenol, as a phytochemical compound, plays a beneficial role in maintaining cardiovascular function and preventing heart disease, atherosclerosis, and other cardiovascular conditions. All reviewed articles consistently describe the connection between Pycnogenol intake and the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. In conclusion, Pycnogenol demonstrates strong antioxidant activity that may contribute significantly to the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases.  

This article examines theoretically about visionary leadership starting from the definition, benefits, weaknesses, and biblical views on visionary leadership. This research uses a library research approach. Visionary leaders are able to formulate a vision of the future, inspire commitment, and lead innovative change. The benefits include encouraging innovation and adaptive culture, but there is a risk of dependence and lack of attention to short-term needs. From a Christian perspective, visionary leadership stems from a relationship with God, where vision is divine revelation manifested through prayer and obedience. Biblical figures such as Nehemiah, Joshua, and Moses are examples of visionary leaders who combine faith and strategy. In conclusion, effective visionary leadership must balance strategic and spiritual vision for the success of the organization and community.

This study is based on the urgency to understand Calvinism, one of the most influential theological systems in the history of Christianity, which originated from the thoughts of John Calvin in the 16th century. This theology emphasizes the sovereignty of God in the process of salvation, formulated in five core doctrines known by the acronym TULIP: Total Depravity, Unconditional Election, Limited Atonement, Irresistible Grace, and Perseverance of the Saints. The research adopts a qualitative descriptive approach using a library research method, aiming to explore the theological concept of Calvinism through the analysis of theological, historical, and doctrinal literature. The findings reveal that Calvinism forms a systematic theology of salvation that is entirely centered on God’s grace, without reliance on human effort. Additionally, the study highlights how Calvinist teachings have significantly influenced Christian life and church practices, both historically and in the present day. Therefore, it is important for these teachings to be understood and applied contextually in Indonesia, to remain relevant and avoid being misinterpreted as rigid or fatalistic doctrine.

Social changes due to technological advancements have transformed the way people relate and associate with one another. Relationships can now be developed more easily, more affordably, and more quickly. As a community, the church is "forced" to re-evaluate whether the methods of learning and faith formation that have been applied so far still meet the needs of today’s congregation. Using a qualitative method with a literature-based approach, the researcher investigates the biblical perspective on this issue and finds that close relationships among members are a key indicator in learning and faith formation, as exemplified by the early church. Bringing the church back to its original design as the family of God (oikos), while utilizing current technological advancements, will make the church a constructive place for learning and nurturing the faith of its members.