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The digital revolution has had a significant impact on the world of education, including English language teaching. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) enable more flexible and interactive learning through online platforms such as Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), which provide global access to education at low or no cost. Although MOOCs offer great opportunities, challenges such as the digital divide and integration with traditional curricula remain barriers. Teaching English in the digital era requires innovative approaches that incorporate technology, such as computer-assisted learning (CALL) and AI-based applications, to enhance students' linguistic skills. The role of teachers has also changed, from being a presenter of material to a facilitator who guides students in utilizing digital learning resources. With adequate training and digital literacy support, teachers can integrate technology into learning to create a more relevant and effective learning experience. Adapting to these changes is essential to improving the quality of education in the digital era.

. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play a pivotal role in driving economic growth, innovation, and employment creation, especially in developing countries. This study employs a bibliometric approach to analyze trends, themes, and scholarly contributions to SME research in these regions over the past five years (2020–2024). Drawing on 485 publications from the Scopus database, the analysis reveals significant trends in scholarly output, key citation metrics, influential authors, and emerging research topics. The findings indicate a steady growth in scholarly interest, with the highest publication output observed in 2022. Research topics such as entrepreneurship, digital transformation, green innovation, and financial management are prominent, reflecting their critical importance to SME development. Additionally, sustainability and Industry 4.0-related themes are identified as having high citation impact, underscoring their relevance to contemporary challenges and opportunities for SMEs. China, the United Kingdom, and India are the leading contributors to the field, with substantial contributions from emerging economies such as Malaysia and Indonesia. This study contributes to the understanding of SME research dynamics by highlighting key areas of focus, identifying influential contributions, and mapping the global landscape of SME scholarship. By providing insights into recent trends and thematic priorities, the study offers practical implications for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners seeking to enhance the resilience, innovation, and sustainability of SMEs in developing countries. The findings underscore the need for targeted strategies and collaborative efforts to address emerging challenges and foster inclusive economic growth through SME development.

The goals of this study is to assess the expenses associated with the production of goods at Mr. Lamadi's ronggo chicken noodle umkm located on Jl. Manunggal Amd, Patoman, Pangkemiri, Kec. Tulangan, Sidoarjo Regency. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach, utilizing samples selected based on primary data. The outcome of this study reveal the production cost of goods on chicken noodles for chicken noodle toppings and pentol amounting to Rp. Rp. 9.500, for the retail price of Rp 14.500 then for chicken feet noodles of Rp. Rp. 8.000 for a retail price of Rp. 12.000 and for original chicken noodles Rp. 7,500 with a retail price of Rp. 11,500. In this analysis, there is a price distinction between the COGS calculation and the selling price of chicken noodles at the market price.

This study aims to describe the implementation of the Human Resources Division (HR) in managing administration and employee data at PT Prima Perdana Mandiri Sidoarjo. The HR Division has an important role in maintaining the smooth operation of the company through efficient administrative management and structured employee data management. The employee administration management process includes various activities such as recruitment, performance appraisal, attendance management, and employee development. On the other hand, employee data management is done by utilizing information technology, such as Human Resource Information System (HRIS), to store, process, and secure data effectively. The findings of this research show that the system implemented by PT Prima Perdana Mandiri drives the company's operational efficiency, maintains regulatory compliance, and provides a solid foundation for the company's future strategic planning.

Traditional markets play an important role in the local economy in Indonesia, especially in creating jobs, income distribution, and preserving culture. This study uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach to analyze literature related to the role of traditional markets in improving the economy of people in Indonesia. Through the analysis of relevant scientific articles, it was found that traditional markets contribute to the informal sector, creating jobs, reducing economic disparities, strengthening social networks, and preserving local traditions and culture. However, challenges such as competition with modern markets and inadequate infrastructure are the main obstacles to the sustainability of traditional markets. This study recommends that revitalizing traditional markets through modernizing facilities, empowering traders, and implementing digital technology should be a policy priority to support inclusive and sustainable local economic development.

A hotel is one of the places needed as lodging facilities. The selection of a hotel is indispensable to the goals and needs of the visitor. In addition, a strategic location and a comfortable atmosphere are also considerations. The lack of information about hotels is one of the problems for visitors when it comes to a city to determine the desired hotel. This study develops a Decision Support System (SPK) to choose the best hotel in Medan City using the Outranking RElation Sorting method on basis of Threshold Exploration (ORESTE). This system is designed to assist visitors in choosing a hotel that meets the desired criteria. The Outranking RElation Sorting method on basis of Threshold Exploration (ORESTE) is used to determine the weight of each attribute and perform alternative ranking of hotels. In this study, the criteria used include the type of hotel, location, facilities, service and price. This system is expected to help visitors in making more precise and objective decisions. The results of the study show that this SPK system can help visitors in choosing the best hotel that suits their needs.

The analysis of the effectiveness of the passport service process at the Tanjungpinang Class I Immigration Office aims to assess the quality of service to passport applicants. This study identifies various factors that affect the effectiveness of the process, such as process speed, demand satisfaction, and the use of information technology. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach through data collection conducted through literature studies. From the results of the analysis, although the Tanjungpinang Class I Immigration Office has implemented an organized queuing system, there are still several things that hinder the passport making process such as the inadequate number of officers and limited facilities. In addition, the level of complaint satisfaction also varies because there are complaints complaining about long waiting times and lack of information about procedures, while on the other hand, they can access services through online registration and the ease of information technology in doing various things. This study recommends improving personnel services, training in improving customer service, and developing a more efficient information system to speed up the passport making process. Thus, the services of the Tanjungpinang Class I Immigration Office will be more effective according to public expectations.

State sovereignty is a prerogative right that must be maintained as a priority, especially in Indonesia is archipelagic geography. This presents a significant challenge in maintaining sovereignty over the Natuna Islands and Lingga Islands in Riau Islands Province, Indonesia. This area has been the subject of international conflict, particularly concerning China's claim under the Nine-Dash Line, which the Chinese government justifies with historical arguments and past governmental decisions. However, this claim lacks a valid legal basis under international law, including the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982, which defines international maritime boundaries. The conflict began to escalate in 2016 following the arrest of three Chinese fishermen involved in large-scale illegal fishing, an act supported by the Chinese government. In response, the Indonesian government took measures to assert its sovereignty by strengthening military security, engaging in diplomatic efforts with ASEAN member states, and conducting best practice studies to potentially bring the Natuna Sea sovereignty dispute before the International Court of Justice. Indonesia's sovereignty over the Natuna Sea is firmly supported by the Djuanda Declaration and the 1982 UNCLOS Agreement. This study aims to analyze the Natuna conflict using a Normative Law and Military approach as the primary strategies to resolve disputes over the Natuna Sea.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of MonsoonSIM in enhancing the understanding of students in the International Trade Program for the ASEAN & China Region at Politeknik APP Jakarta regarding international trade concepts. A quantitative method was employed, using purposive sampling to select two student groups: Group A (semester 1), who had not used MonsoonSIM, and Group B (semester 3), who had experienced the use of MonsoonSIM. Data were collected through a quiz consisting of ten questions covering essential aspects of international trade, such as business management, supply chain, marketing, and demand forecasting. The results were analyzed using a paired t-test at a 5% significance level. The analysis revealed a t-value of 8.25, significantly exceeding the critical t-table value of 2.262, indicating a substantial improvement in students' understanding after using MonsoonSIM. Furthermore, semester 3 students demonstrated better comprehension compared to semester 1 students, confirming that MonsoonSIM effectively enhances not only theoretical understanding but also analytical and decision-making skills. This study concludes that MonsoonSIM is a superior simulation-based learning tool compared to traditional theoretical methods, making a vital contribution to the practical and applicable development of international trade education.

This study aims to examine the influence of dividend policy, investment decisions, company growth, and profitability on the value of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2020-2022. The company value is measured using the Price to Book Value (PBV) ratio, while the independent variables include dividend policy measured by the Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR), investment decisions using the Price Earnings Ratio (PER), company growth measured by asset growth, and profitability measured by the Net Profit Margin (NPM). This research utilizes a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression techniques to analyze secondary data obtained from the companies' annual financial reports. The findings indicate that dividend policy, investment decisions, company growth, and profitability simultaneously have a significant impact on the company's value. Partially, dividend policy, investment decisions, and company growth have a significant positive effect on company value, while profitability shows a more varied influence. These findings highlight the importance of company management in considering consistent dividend policies, strategic investment decisions, and effective profitability management to enhance company value and attract investors.

Around 50-90% of women in the world experience dysmenorrhea. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea in Indonesia is reported to reach 64.25%, where 54.89%. Complementary therapy is an alternative to overcome dysmenorrhea because it is considered more natural and has minimal side effects. This study aims to review research articles related to complementary therapies that can be used to overcome dysmenorrhea. literature search through academic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed and ScienceDirect. Literature selection is carried out based on inclusion criteria (scientific articles in the last 5 years, English/Indonesian, relevant topics) and exclusion (irrelevant articles, no abstract/full-text). Interventions such as physical therapy (yoga and stretching), compress therapy, aromatherapy, acupressure, reflexology, and consumption of natural ingredients provide safe and natural solutions to reduce pain intensity. The selection of the appropriate method can be adjusted according to individual preferences, accessibility, and the severity of the pain experienced.

Aroun d 5 to 25% of children under the age of five experience motor development disorders and as many as 30% of babies show signs of motor delays. Stimulation can be given as a form of exercise therapy, which aims to improve and optimize body condition through continuous stimulation. One of the stimulations that can be done is baby gym. This study aims to analyze mothers' knowledge about baby gym in depth. This study uses a qualitative approach with an in-depth interview method. The subjects of the study or informants were mothers who had babies aged 0-12 months. The results of the study obtained knowledge Mother about baby gym part big nature general and not detailed. Only part small mothers who implement baby gym active For stimulate development motor baby. More education​ structured and access more information​ wide required For push mother to be able practicing baby gym with Correct.

Establishing a resort in a remote area holds significant potential for tourism development but requires in-depth evaluation of its operational feasibility. This study aims to assess the operational feasibility of establishing a resort in a remote area by considering economic, social, environmental, and infrastructure aspects. The research employs both quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis methods, with data collected through interviews, field surveys, and literature review. The findings indicate that although there are considerable challenges regarding accessibility and infrastructure, the potential economic benefits from tourism and local development support the operational feasibility of the resort, provided there is policy support and investment in the development of essential infrastructure.

Fraud in digital transactions has become a serious issue threatening the security and integrity of the fintech and e-commerce sectors. To address this problem, machine learning technology has emerged as an effective solution for automatically detecting anomalies and fraudulent transactions. This study aims to analyze the application of machine learning algorithms, specifically Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, and Ensemble Learning, in detecting fraud in digital transactions. The research adopts a quantitative approach with experimentation, testing the effectiveness of the three algorithms using a digital transaction dataset consisting of both fraudulent and non-fraudulent transactions. The results show that the Random Forest algorithm performs the best in terms of accuracy and recall, followed by Ensemble Learning, which enhances fraud detection performance by combining multiple prediction models. Meanwhile, SVM demonstrates satisfactory performance but is prone to overfitting issues when handling large and complex datasets. The study also finds that the problem of imbalanced data can affect model accuracy, and data balancing techniques such as oversampling are required to improve fraud detection performance. Overall, the findings suggest that machine learning, particularly Random Forest and Ensemble Learning algorithms, can be relied upon to improve fraud detection in digital transactions. However, challenges such as model interpretability and the need for periodic algorithm updates still need to be addressed to enhance the effectiveness of fraud prevention systems in countering the ever-evolving nature of fraud.

This research compares the techniques used in the file system structures of Windows and Linux. Each operating system employs distinct approaches to data organization, access, and management, as reflected in their respective file systems: NTFS for Windows and ext4 for Linux. The study explores the strengths, weaknesses, and applications of these systems under various conditions. By analyzing both theoretical documentation and empirical experiments, this research highlights the technical and philosophical aspects influencing the design and performance of file systems in Windows and Linux. The findings provide insights for selecting an appropriate file system based on specific requirements, emphasizing performance, reliability, and usability.

In 2007, the President of the Republic of Indonesia issued a government regulation on the implementation of religious education which recognizes that this type of Islamic education has made a great contribution to national development. The regulation explains that religious education such as Islamic boarding schools can be managed formally. Following the government regulation, the Minister of Religion then issued a Ministerial Regulation in 2014 to officially recognize pesantren as a traditional-based education. The regulation allows for the integration of yellow book-based education that allocates 70% or more of the curriculum to Islamic studies and Arabic, while 30% to general subjects. The formalization process of traditional Islamic education reached its peak with the passage of Law No. 18 of 2019 concerning Islamic boarding schools which was ratified on September 24, 2019. The pesantren system must be modernized and run classrooms under the madrasah system. On the other hand, the 2019 law recognizes many aspects of traditional pesantren traditions, including those that advocate the study of the yellow book. According to the law, the government is currently responsible for supporting the implementation of Islamic boarding school tradition-based education as well as support for public schools and madrasas. One of the Islamic boarding school educational institutions that has implemented the Islamic boarding school law is the Sunan Drajat Islamic Boarding School. Sunan Drajat Heritage Islamic Boarding School, one of the nine guardians, since 1994 has established a Mu'allimin-Mu'allimat institution whose curriculum has integrated the pesantren curriculum with the general education curriculum.

Oil production from a reservoir will naturally decrease or even not be able to produce at all. This condition does not necessarily indicate that the oil reserves in the reservoir have run out. If we only rely on primary production methods (primary recovery), it is likely that there is still a lot of oil left in the reservoir, so advanced production methods are needed to be able to drain the oil that is still left in the reservoir. Advanced oil recovery technology or Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) continues to develop to overcome the challenges in increasing oil production from reservoirs that have entered the secondary or tertiary production stage. One method that has attracted attention is Miscible Gas Flooding (MGF), which involves injecting certain gases into the reservoir. This method allows the creation of perfect mixing conditions (miscible) between the injected gas and the oil in the reservoir, thereby increasing the efficiency of oil transfer and maximizing recovery results. This technology is a solution to maximize the potential of oil wells that have experienced decreased productivity. The main principle of Miscible Gas Flooding is to reduce the interfacial tension between oil and gas, and reduce the viscosity of the oil, so that the oil can flow more easily to the production well. Commonly used gases include carbon dioxide (CO₂), nitrogen (N₂), or light hydrocarbons such as methane and ethane. With the right pressure and temperature, these gases can mix homogeneously with oil, resulting in higher displacement efficiency compared to water or immiscible gas injection methods. These advantages make MGF one of the most effective approaches to increase oil well productivity in complex reservoirs. Although promising, the implementation of Miscible Gas Flooding requires careful planning and a comprehensive evaluation of reservoir conditions. Factors such as the minimum pressure to achieve miscibility, the type of gas used, and potential disturbances such as fingering or channeling must be carefully considered. In addition, operational costs and the infrastructure required are also aspects that need to be taken into account.

The “AntriSmecone” queuing system was implemented in the PPDB process at SMK Negeri 1 Purwokerto to improve efficiency by up to 70%. However, the system encountered several issues, such as race condition conflicts in queue numbers and code execution errors caused by automatic translation. This study employs the IT-IL V3 framework, focusing on the Service Operation domain to analyze IT service management, particularly in the subdomains of incident management and request fulfillment. The research methodology includes interviews, observations, questionnaire distribution, and literature studies. The analysis results indicate that the system's maturity level is at level 4 (Managed and Measurable), with an average score of 3.74. The system has structured and monitored procedures, allowing deviations to be effectively addressed. Recommendations were formulated to optimize incident management and fulfill user requests. This study contributes to the development of the “AntriSmecone” system to ensure service quality and efficiency in the PPDB process.

This study examines the impact of advancements in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on cultural values, focusing on changes and the preservation of local cultures. The method used is descriptive analysis based on interviews, observations, and document studies. The results reveal that ICT has significantly influenced local cultural values, including shifts in cultural identity among younger generations, increasing individualism, and cultural homogenization due to social media. On the other hand, ICT offers opportunities for cultural preservation through digitalization and the promotion of local cultures on digital platforms. Nonetheless, challenges persist in maintaining traditional cultural values rooted in collectivism, given the dominant influence of global culture. This study recommends the need for prudent strategies in utilizing ICT to preserve local cultures without compromising their cultural identity.

This research aims to identify and evaluate learning strategies at SDN Cibanjaran. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the study relied on in-depth interviews, observations and group discussions to explore criticisms and suggestions for learning methods. The findings show that effective learning strategies involve a differentiated approach, where materials and methods are tailored to students’ individual needs. Problem-based learning (PBL) and project-based learning (PJBL) models are considered to increase student relevance and motivation. However, the different characteristics of today’s students compared to those of the past pose new challenges, especially in the application of discipline, which must now be more humane. In addition, adjusting to the Merdeka Curriculum is crucial, where teachers are encouraged to continue learning through platforms such as PMM. This study concludes that learning strategies need to adapt to changing times, environments and student needs to create a meaningful learning process. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of inclusive and dynamic learning, and the role of teachers as innovative facilitators.