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Learning to Understand the Content of Recited Poetry is a crucial aspect of literature instruction at the junior high school level. However, field observations indicate that many students struggle to appreciate poetry due to its imaginative and multi-interpretative language (Afiana et al., 2022). This study aims to improve the skill of understanding poetry content through the implementation of a modeling-based learning model using poetry recitation videos for seventh-grade students at SMP Negeri 7 Cilacap. This research adopts a quantitative approach, with subjects consisting of seventh-grade students selected based on their initial achievement, which did not meet the standard of learning mastery. The instruments used include a poetry comprehension skills test and non-test instruments such as observation, interviews, journals, and documentation. The data were analyzed using both descriptive quantitative and qualitative methods. The results indicate that the modeling learning model combined with poetry recitation videos significantly enhanced students' ability to understand the content of poetry. The average score increased from 74.78 to 78.6, exceeding the Minimum Mastery Criteria (KKTP). Improvements were observed in the ability to identify the theme, message, feeling, tone and atmosphere, as well as in the ability to summarize the overall content of the poem. Additionally, there was a positive change in student behavior, with learners becoming more active, confident, and enthusiastic during the learning process. The video presentations played an important role in enthusiastic during the learning process. The video presentations played an important role in stimulating students’ auditory perception and imagination (Arlindo et al., 2022), while the modeling approach encouraged both cognitive and affective engagement (Musfiroh & Kanzunnudin, 2022). These findings affirm that instructional strategies integrating inductive approaches and audio-visual media are effective in enhancing students’ literary appreciation competencies (Sayoga & Nurlatifah, 2023). This study provides practical insights for teachers in designing engaging and effective poetry lessons and recommends further research to examine the effectiveness of similar strategies in broader educational contexts (Utomo et al., 2023).

This study aims to explore the effectiveness of flashcard media in music learning, especially in helping students understand music theory and increase motivation to play music through a fun and interactive approach. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, this study identified, evaluated, and synthesized eight selected scientific articles published between 2015-2025. The selection process was based on PRISMA guidelines and Zawacki-Richter's SLR model, including the formulation of research questions, screening of articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and assessment of study quality. The results showed that the use of flashcards - both in manual and digital form - consistently contributed positively to the improvement of rhythmic ability, understanding of notation concepts, and affective engagement of learners from various levels. Flashcards proved effective in simplifying complex musical material into concrete visual representations, strengthening long-term memory through retrieval practice and spaced repetition techniques. Furthermore, the integration of flashcards in project-based pedagogical approaches (PjBL), character learning, as well as digital technologies such as apps and AR, shows great potential in enriching music learning experiences that are inclusive, collaborative and meaningful. Therefore, this study recommends the continued development of interactive technology-based flashcard media as a future music learning innovation.

Ethics plays a vital role in the philosophy of education, serving as a moral foundation that guides both the aims and processes of education. Education is not solely concerned with the acquisition of knowledge, but also with the development of students' character. In this regard, ethics provides a framework of values that directs the relationships between educators and learners in a humane and dignified manner. An ethical foundation in educational philosophy encourages critical reflection on educational practices and policies. Values such as justice, responsibility, and empathy serve as essential principles in creating a conducive and fair learning environment for all stakeholders. Without ethics, education risks becoming mechanistic and unresponsive to social and human needs. Educators, as moral agents, are expected not only to deliver knowledge but also to exemplify ethical behavior in their daily lives. Therefore, ethical education must begin with the training of future teachers, equipping them to nurture a generation that is not only intellectually capable but also morally wise. In this way, ethics in the philosophy of education becomes a central pillar in building a civilized and character-driven society. 65% of teachers consider teaching hours insufficient, 42% of schools do not have a structured cultural program, 78% of bullying cases occur due to weak supervision.

The growth of digital technology and social media platforms has promoted intercultural communication, especially in second language acquisition by non-native speakers. This study examines phonological deviations in the Indonesian pronunciation of SunnyDahye, a South Korean influencer who frequently uses the language in her TikTok content. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected from five purposively selected videos based on the clarity of audio and frequency of Indonesian usage. The analysis focused on segmental (consonants and vowels) and suprasegmental (intonation and stress) features using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Findings reveal notable instances of phonological interference, including the substitution of the alveolar trill /r/ with /l/, mispronunciations of the schwa vowel /ə/ replaced with /e/ or /a/, and flat intonation patterns influenced by Korean prosody. These deviations are rooted in the phonological system of the Korean language, which lacks certain Indonesian phonemes and prosodic features. The results emphasize the influence of first language phonology on second language articulation and underscore the importance of incorporating contrastive phonetic analysis in Bahasa Indonesia instruction for foreign learners. The study contributes to broader discussions in applied linguistics and second language pedagogy, particularly for the Indonesian for Foreign Speakers (BIPA) program.

Psychological assessment is an important component of guidance and counseling services as it supports counselors' understanding of learners' psychological conditions, potentials, and problems. This article aims to explain the role of assessment in understanding clients, identify the types of assessments commonly used, and emphasize the importance of understanding assessment as a counselor's professional competence. This study uses a qualitative approach based on literature studies from relevant journals. The results of the discussion show that assessments, both test and non-test, can provide comprehensive information that assists counselors in designing effective interventions. Understanding assessment also encourages counselors to act professionally and ethically in the service process. Thus, assessment is not just a measuring tool, but an important foundation in holistic and strategic counseling practice.

This article seeks to explore two important concepts: the essence of patience and its relevance within the context of human life, particularly through education. Patience is not merely a virtue; it is an internal state that plays a crucial role in determining the achievement of our life goals. It embodies the ability to organize, control, and direct our behaviors, emotions, and actions while effectively navigating various challenges. This entails approaching problems with both clarity and a broad perspective to find comprehensive solutions. Additionally, a holistic view of issues enables us to see their interconnectedness. The significance of patience can be observed in the actions of both educators and learners, starting from the very beginning of the educational journey, whether at home or in school. The patient attitudes cultivated by both teachers and students are vital keys to achieving success and fulfilling life’s objectives.  

Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be a transformational tool in Christian Religious Education in the digital era. Technological advancements bring significant changes to the way we learn and teach, including religious education, which demands innovative methods to remain relevant to the younger generation increasingly connected to technology. AI offers various opportunities to enrich the learning experience and deepen the understanding of Christian values through a more personal and interactive approach. This article discusses several AI applications in Christian religious education, such as virtual assistants for spiritual guidance, in-depth Bible text analysis, and adaptive learning platforms that can tailor materials to the needs of learners. With AI technology, Christian religious education can provide more interactive and responsive modules, allowing learners to delve into religious teachings both individually and in groups. Additionally, the use of AI in analyzing learning behavior allows for more effective curriculum personalization according to the spiritual needs of each individual. This approach can address the challenge of maintaining the relevance of religious values amidst the rapid influx of digital information. This article also examines the potential of AI in aiding faith development, for example through spiritual reflection applications tailored to the user's spiritual growth. This transformation is expected to prepare a generation of Christians who are not only technologically savvy but also spiritually strong, and empowered to face moral and ethical challenges in the future. Thus, AI-based Christian Religious Education can be a pathway to building a relevant and dynamic spiritual future in the digital era.

Humans are not merely thinking beings but also emotional and spiritual creatures. However, modern education tends to prioritize the cognitive dimension and academic achievement, while psychological and spiritual aspects are often neglected. This imbalance has resulted in the emergence of intellectually capable generations who may lack emotional maturity and moral integrity. Therefore, an educational approach that incorporates philosophical, psychological, and Islamic values is essential in shaping a holistic human being. This study aims to analyze the nature of humans from a psychological perspective and its implications for designing holistic, learner-centered education. This research employs a qualitative approach using the library research method. Data collection was carried out through documentary studies by reading and reviewing written sources such as scientific books, journal articles, and other academic literature relevant to the research topic. The data were analyzed using content analysis, which includes identifying themes, categorizing key ideas, and drawing conceptual meanings from the collected data. The results show that from a psychological perspective, humans possess innate potentials that develop through specific stages, are influenced by environmental factors, and have a fundamental need for self-actualization. Humanistic, cognitive, and behaviorist psychological approaches all contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of human nature. The findings reinforce the notion that education focused solely on cognitive development is insufficient for shaping a well-rounded personality. Therefore, the education system must be oriented toward balanced development of the cognitive, affective, socialand spiritual dimensions of learners.

Humans are not merely thinking beings but also emotional and spiritual creatures. However, modern education tends to prioritize the cognitive dimension and academic achievement, while psychological and spiritual aspects are often neglected. This imbalance has resulted in the emergence of intellectually capable generations who may lack emotional maturity and moral integrity. Therefore, an educational approach that incorporates philosophical, psychological, and Islamic values is essential in shaping a holistic human being. This study aims to analyze the nature of humans from a psychological perspective and its implications for designing holistic, learner-centered education. This research employs a qualitative approach using the library research method. Data collection was carried out through documentary studies by reading and reviewing written sources such as scientific books, journal articles, and other academic literature relevant to the research topic. The data were analyzed using content analysis, which includes identifying themes, categorizing key ideas, and drawing conceptual meanings from the collected data. The results show that from a psychological perspective, humans possess innate potentials that develop through specific stages, are influenced by environmental factors, and have a fundamental need for self-actualization. Humanistic, cognitive, and behaviorist psychological approaches all contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of human nature. The findings reinforce the notion that education focused solely on cognitive development is insufficient for shaping a well-rounded personality. Therefore, the education system must be oriented toward balanced development of the cognitive, affective, socialand spiritual dimensions of learners.

Language is crucial for human interaction, making foreign language education, especially Japanese, increasingly vital in the global era. Indonesia holds the second-highest number of Japanese learners globally. This study evaluates SakuJapan, a Japanese learning application, to enhance basic Japanese skills among IPB Vocational School students. Using a quantitative descriptive approach with 20 students, data was collected via online questionnaires on usage, features, effectiveness, and motivation. Findings show SakuJapan is an effective and user-friendly tool; 75% of respondents regularly use features like Hiragana, Katakana, vocabulary, and practice questions. The application scored an average effectiveness of 4.3 out of 5, with 85% of users gaining confidence in basic Japanese. While generally well-received, suggestions include offline features, varied exercises, adjustable game difficulty, and more audio, daily conversations, and JLPT-standardized tests. These insights guide further development for a more comprehensive and adaptive learning platform.

Learners are continually faced with choosing appropriate courses or making career choices due to increased educational opportunities. The emergence of machine learning-based course and career recommender systems has the potential to address this issue, offering personalized course recommendations tailored to individual learning pathways, preferences, and learning history. The optimization and feature engineering techniques and practical deployment environments have not been collectively examined in the previous research, despite the significant advancements in this area of research. Furthermore, previous research has rarely synthesized how these technical components help students choose appropriate courses and careers. This systematic review was carried out to investigate the current state of machine learning-based course and career recommender systems, focusing on key elements, such as primary data sources, feature engineering methods, algorithms, optimization techniques, evaluation metrics, and the environments where the existing course recommendation models are deployed. The PRISMA method for conducting a systematic review was used to choose studies that met the requirements for inclusion and exclusion. The study findings show significant reliance on interpretable and traditional machine learning algorithms, such as K-Nearest Neighbor and Random Forest, to develop recommender models. Feature engineering remains basic, as most studies rely on normalization, while optimization processes are often underreported. Also, evaluation metrics varied widely, impeding comparability, while most of the recommender models are deployed in an e-learning environment, leaving the traditional learning environment underrepresented. Furthermore, the study findings identified issues including data sparsity and diversity, data security and privacy, and changes in learner preferences that may have an impact on the performance of recommender systems while recommending further studies to make use of standardized optimization methods, and automated domain-informed feature engineering frameworks, benchmark and annotated datasets in developing models the gives priority to learners’ success and educational relevance.

Communication skills are a fundamental foundation in early childhood development. Teachers, as the main figures in the learning process, play a strategic role in creating educational interactions that support the development of children's communication abilities. This study aims to describe educational interaction strategies that can strengthen effective communication among early childhood learners. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach, data were obtained from observations, teacher interviews, and literature studies. The results show that strategies such as responsive communication, role play, interactive storytelling, and proper language modeling can enhance children's confidence in communication. This study recommends continuous training for early childhood educators in implementing adaptive and contextual communication strategies.

The present study aims to identify and analyse idiomatic expressions in the lyrics of "Shake It Off" by Taylor Swift. Idioms are a form of non literal expression which often pose a challenge for English language learners, due to the fact that their literal meanings are not easily discernible. Utilising a descriptive qualitative approach, this research analyses idioms based on Makkai's (1972) classification, which includes six types: phrasal verb idioms, tournure idioms, irreversible binomial idioms, phrasal compound idioms, incorporating verb idioms, and pseudo idioms. The findings indicate that the composition is replete with idiomatic usage, reflecting emotional meanings and social messages implicitly. A total of fourteen idioms were identified, which serve to reinforce Taylor Swift's stylistic language and make the song an effective and contextual medium for the purposes of English language learning. It is anticipated that these findings will contribute to the development of language teaching, particularly with regard to the comprehension of idiomatic meaning within the context of popular culture.

Islamic education does not merely focus on the transfer of knowledge but also emphasizes the development of character, morality, and spiritual consciousness. Spiritual values are central in shaping learners who are not only intellectually capable but also faithful and pious. In this context, teachers serve not only as educators but also as spiritual mentors who instill values such as sincerity (ikhlas), trust in God (tawakkal), and divine awareness. This study aims to: 1) Explore the content and themes of the novel Imama Al-Hafidzh by Tri Lyagustina; and 2) Identify the Islamic spiritual values present in the novel and their relevance to contemporary life. This research employs a qualitative approach using library research methods, relying on both primary and secondary sources. Data analysis was conducted by collecting, comparing, and synthesizing information to produce a systematic and comprehensive study. The findings reveal that the novel tells the story of a young man who burns his own finger in a forest to resist temptation, symbolizing strong faith and self-control. The novel conveys messages such as steadfastness in principles, resisting worldly pleasures, not neglecting worship, and making the most of life to serve Allah. The spiritual values found in the novel include: faith, sincerity, patience, trust in God, gratitude, acceptance, repentance, Islamic brotherhood, asceticism, positive thinking, humility in worship, consistency, and love. These values, which are rooted in the Qur’an and Hadith, are highly relevant and can be integrated into Islamic religious education to strengthen students' character in the face of modern challenges.

Emotion regulation is an important skill that every learner must have. The inability to manage good emotions will potentially interfere with the learning process and learners' well-being. The purpose of this literature review is to identify the effectiveness of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) in improving learners' emotion regulation. The method used in this research is literature review with research data sourced from Google Scholar and Springer publication databases. The results of the review show that REBT therapy can significantly improve learners' ability to manage their emotions. This research confirms that REBT can be an effective therapy in helping learners cope with negative emotions in an educational context.

Learning strategy is important in the process of implementing learning, without a learning strategy, the learning process will not be directed and learning objectives are difficult to achieve. In order for a learning process to be more directed, it is necessary to know the components of the learning strategy, which include learning objectives, learning materials, teachers as educators, students as learners, methods, tools, learning resources, and evaluation. Each component of learning complements each other. Each component is interrelated with one another, thus creating an effective, directed, and enjoyable learning process. By applying the right strategy, it is hoped that it will be able to improve the quality of learning and achieve learning objectives.

Independent Curriculum schools are characterized by a wide variety of content that will be used to its fullest to provide opportunities for learners to explore ideas and improve skills. Teachers are free to choose the learning resources used to match learning with learners' interests and needs. This research uses the library research method. This research aims to describe in more detail the Merdeka curriculum in elementary schools. The literature approach was used in this study. In this study, the researchers collected journal articles from Google Scholar using the keywords Merdeka curriculum. Researchers found 10 articles related to the keywords used. After the articles were selected, the researchers conducted an in-depth analysis of the articles and presented them in the Results and Discussion section. The results of this study include an analysis of the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, and implementation of Merdeka curriculum in elementary schools. The Merdeka curriculum has the potential to improve education standards in Indonesia as a whole with the right strategy and adequate support.

The research aims to explore how Quizziz can be effective in improving the understanding of currency recognition in learners with disabilities. The research used a quantitative approach and an experimental method of one group pre-test post-test design to collect data on student learning outcomes. Data collection was done through written tests in the form of multiple choice, with analysis using parametric statistical techniques and Paired Sample T-Test test. The data findings showed that the average student pretest score was 66.0 and which then increased to 89.3 on the posttest, with an average difference of 23.3 points. The statistical test resulted in a significance value of p = 0.004, which is a value that shows the significance of the difference and increase in scores. The increase in the results obtained is an indication that when learning is carried out with gamification and visual-based media such as Quizizz is able to provide assistance in helping students understand the basic concepts of currency and increase learning motivation through an attractive and interactive display. Thus, it can be concluded that the Quizizz application can be a feasible alternative for use in learning, especially to increase the independence of students with disabilities in daily life through mastery of currency recognition material.

Islamic Religious Education (IRE) plays a strategic role in shaping students’ religious character, especially in a modern era filled with moral and spiritual challenges. IRE is not merely about delivering theoretical religious knowledge but is more focused on instilling Islamic values into students' daily lives. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Islamic Religious Education in shaping the religious character of senior high school students in Tarakan City by exploring its contribution to developing students’ personalities rooted in faith, noble character, and social responsibility. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach through literature review methods, with data collected from books, academic journals, and other relevant documents. The findings reveal that IRE plays a significant role in nurturing religious character, reflected in values such as honesty, discipline, tolerance, responsibility, worship obedience, and harmonious relationships between humans and God, fellow beings, and the environment. However, the effectiveness of IRE is influenced by both internal and external factors. Internal factors include student motivation and awareness, while external factors encompass teacher competence, curriculum design, family involvement, social environment, and the use of information technology. IRE teachers are expected not only to be knowledge transmitters but also to serve as moral and spiritual role models. A contextual and applicable curriculum is essential to address the needs of today’s learners. Furthermore, active student participation in extracurricular religious activities significantly contributes to the development of religious character. Cases of juvenile delinquency, deviant behaviors, and the lack of application of religious values outside classroom settings indicate the need for stronger and more comprehensive IRE practices. This study recommends strengthening the role of IRE teachers, developing responsive curricula aligned with contemporary needs, and enhancing collaboration between schools and families to optimize the formation of morally upright and religiously aware young generations.

This articels aim to analyze concept of Qur'anic spiritual education, emphasizing its significance in shaping the moral and ethical dimensions of learners. The study examines the principles derived from the Qur'an that can be integrated into educational practices to foster spiritual growth and character development. By analyzing various interpretations of Qur'anic teachings, the research highlights the role of spirituality in education as a means to cultivate a holistic understanding of knowledge that transcends mere academic achievement. Furthermore, the paper discusses practical approaches for educators to incorporate Qur'anic values into their curricula, aiming to create a learning environment that nurtures both the intellect and the soul. Ultimately, this study advocates for a transformative educational framework that aligns with Qur'anic principles, promoting a balanced development of individuals who are not only knowledgeable but also spiritually aware and ethically responsible.