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Contemporary church organizations in Indonesia face a phenomenon of volatility characterized by fluctuations in congregation membership, persistent internal conflicts, external pressures from changing times, and a crisis of trust in its leaders. There is a significant gap between the theological idealism of servant leadership as taught in Mark 10:42-45 and the reality of leadership practices in the field, which often tend to be authoritarian, conflict-driven, and underserved. This study aims to analyze the application of the principle of servant leadership based on Mark 10:42-45 as a solution to face the challenge of the volatility of contemporary church organizations in Indonesia. The goal is to identify volatility challenges, analyze leadership practice gaps, and formulate effective servant leadership implementation models to restore trust and achieve sustainable congregation growth. This study uses a qualitative research method with a library research approach. Data from various literature sources were analyzed in depth to synthesize the theological concept of servant leadership with organizational management theory and the practical context of the church in Indonesia. The results of the study show that servant leadership is an effective solution to the volatility of the church. It was found that the main challenges in its implementation were hierarchical organizational culture and resistance to change. As a solution, this study formulates a model of servant leadership integration built on four pillars: strong spiritual foundations, adaptive leadership, collaborative governance, and continuous learning. The implementation of this model is through practical strategies such as transparency, empowerment of the congregation.

The Financial Services Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan/OJK) plays a strategic role in ensuring the protection of consumer rights in the banking sector. Along with the increasing complexity of financial services, the potential for consumer rights violations has also risen, including misuse of personal data, administrative errors, and unfair dispute resolution. This study aims to analyze how OJK’s supervisory functions in safeguarding consumer rights in the banking sector can be effectively implemented. A socio-juridical method was used, employing legislative approaches, conceptual analysis, and case studies. Theories applied include legal liability theory, consumer protection theory, and banking supervision theory. Data were obtained from legal documents, OJK annual reports, and interviews with relevant parties. The findings indicate that although OJK has adequate supervisory instruments, such as administrative sanctions and consumer complaint systems, implementation still faces challenges, including limited human resources, lack of consumer education, and resistance from some banking institutions to strict supervision. This study implies that strengthening OJK’s institutional capacity and enhancing collaboration with banking institutions are necessary to ensure effective consumer rights protection.

Hospital Information Sistems (HIS) integrating Decision Support Sistem (DSS) modules have been proposed to enhance operational efficiency and clinical decision-making in hospital settings. This study conducted a systematic literature review of 80 empirical articles published between January 2020 and May 2025, following PRISMA guidelines, to examine how DSS integration within HIS supports managerial and clinical decisions. Findings indicate that DSS integration improves patient registration speed by an average of 25, reduces medication errors by up to 15, and facilitates resource allocation and performance monitoring via analytic dashboards. Organizational resistance and inadequate IT infrastructure remain significant barriers. These results underscore the importance of designing user-friendly dashboards, implementing transparent inference engines, and adopting comprehensive change management strategies. The study extends the Technology Acceptance Model with a perceived risk construct and offers practical recommendations for developers and hospital managers aiming to optimize HIS–DSS implementation.

Employee resistance remains one of the most significant barriers to successful organisational change implementation. Despite extensive theoretical frameworks, organizations continue to struggle with change initiatives, with failure rates ranging from 60-70%. His study investigates the key factors contributing to employee resistance during organizational change and evaluates the effectiveness of various management strategies in overcoming such resistance. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative surveys (n=450) from employees across 15 organizations undergoing major changes and qualitative interviews (n=35) with change management leaders. Data collection occurred over 12 months during active change implementation periods. The study identified five primary resistance factors: fear of job security (78%), lack of communication (65%), insufficient training (58%), past negative experiences (52%), and loss of autonomy (47%). Organizations employing comprehensive communication strategies, participative change approaches, and structured training programs showed 40% higher success rates in change implementation. Effective resistance management requires a multi-faceted approach combining proactive communication, employee participation, skill development, and emotional support. Organizations that address resistance systematically achieve significantly better change outcomes.

The rapid growth of motor vehicles, exceeding 169 million units in Indonesia by 2025, highlights the urgent need for energy-efficient and environmentally friendly transportation solutions, such as hybrid vehicles. Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motors are crucial components in these systems due to their high efficiency and compact design, particularly when directly integrated into wheels. This study specifically aims to analyze the impact of varying loads on the power consumption of a BLDC motor within a front-wheel-drive hybrid motorcycle prototype equipped with a Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) system. Experimental data was collected using a wattmeter on a prototype subjected to different passenger loads: 55 kg, 75 kg, and 100 kg, at constant speeds of 20 and 40 km/h. The findings consistently show that an increase in load significantly and positively correlates with higher power consumption of the BLDC motor. For instance, at 40 km/h, power consumption for a 100 kg load reached 729.578 Watt, whereas for a 55 kg load it was 649.605 Watt. This demonstrates that greater effort (power) is required from the motor to overcome the inertia and increased resistance associated with heavier loads. These results contribute to optimizing energy efficiency in hybrid vehicle design and underscore the importance of load management for sustainable transportation.

Regional Head Elections (Pilkada) are democratic processes conducted to elect Governors and Deputy Governors, Regents and Deputy Regents, as well as Mayors and Deputy Mayors. The General Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu) is the authorized institution responsible for overseeing the implementation of elections, including their various stages. Campaigning is an integral component of the election process, during which candidates utilize campaign props (Alat Peraga Kampanye/APK) to promote themselves to the public. In Lebak Regency, numerous violations have occurred regarding the installation of such props, underscoring the critical role of Bawaslu Lebak in ensuring compliance. This study aims to examine the authority exercised by Bawaslu Lebak Regency in supervising the installation of campaign props during the 2024 regional elections and to identify the challenges encountered. The research employs the theory of authority and the theory of supervision, using an empirical juridical approach and an analytical descriptive specification. Primary data supported by secondary data were obtained through interviews and document analysis. The findings indicate that Bawaslu Lebak Regency implements both preventive and repressive supervisory measures. Preventive efforts include issuing advisories, conducting public outreach, and inter-agency collaboration, while repressive actions involve processing reports and findings of violations, as well as dismantling noncompliant campaign materials. The agency faces several obstacles, including low awareness among candidates and campaign teams regarding legal compliance, limited personnel for enforcement activities, resistance from various stakeholders, and the environmental issue of accumulated campaign waste.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of online attendance systems in enhancing employee discipline at the Bali Province Regional Revenue Agency. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using George C. Edward III’s implementation theory, which encompasses four key indicators: communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The findings reveal that communication has been effective, characterized by clear and consistent information delivery, thereby reducing employee resistance. While human and financial resources are adequate, the limited availability of supporting facilities hinders optimal implementation. In terms of disposition, employees demonstrate strong commitment and integrity in utilizing the attendance application. The bureaucratic structure has also been appropriately followed, aligning with the usage guidelines set by the Bali Province Office of Communication, Informatics, and Statistics. The study recommends improvements such as enhancing internet infrastructure, increasing supporting facilities, and providing printed user manuals to optimize the implementation of the online attendance system.

This study examines cultural conflict in language interaction within the Korean drama Pyramid Game through an ethnolinguistic approach. The main focus of the research is to analyze how language is used as a tool of power, domination, and resistance within the socially hierarchical context of a school setting. Data is derived from the dialogues and actions of key characters such as Baek Ha Rin, Sung Soo Ji, and Seo Do Ah, which reflect power dynamics and efforts to resist oppressive systems. The analysis reveals that language functions not only as a means of communication but also as an instrument for asserting authority and mobilizing solidarity. Baek Ha Rin employs intimidating speech to maintain her position at the top of the social pyramid, while Sung Soo Ji uses language to build a collective movement against injustice. The drama also illustrates symbolic violence through nonverbal communication forms such as exclusion and social gestures. These findings affirm that language in Pyramid Game reflects cultural conflict embedded within an unequal social system and has the potential to generate real-world impacts on society.

Participative leadership in dakwah institutions offers clear benefits. Literature indicates this style improves decision quality and spurs innovation, as members with relevant knowledge contribute creative solutions. It fosters an inclusive culture where stakeholders feel valued, responsible, and committed to collective decisions. Organizational effectiveness and efficiency rise with increased participation and member engagement. However, full implementation encounters practical challenges. In dakwah organizations with hierarchical traditions, resistance to power-sharing and trust deficits can cause conflict and decision delays. Limited leadership capacity and communication skills among members become obstacles if leaders are untrained in participative methods. Organizational theory thus recommends adaptive strategies: leaders should establish effective communication channels, empower teams, and implement context-specific leadership training programs. Case studies suggest these measures build a sustainable collaborative culture that supports innovation in dakwah programs. In summary, participative leadership, when combined with appropriate training and a supportive culture, can enhance effectiveness, foster creativity, and ensure organizational sustainability in religious outreach.

Antibiotic resistance (AR) has emerged as a critical global public health concern, particularly due to the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and their genes in natural environments. The oceans, which host diverse ecosystems and serve as major food sources, are increasingly affected by ARB pollution, originating from human, agricultural, and industrial activities. Simultaneously, climate change (CC) exacerbates the situation by raising ocean temperatures, lowering pH, and altering marine biodiversity—creating optimal conditions for bacterial survival and gene transfer. This review explores the interconnectedness between ocean pollution and CC and how both factors influence the distribution and persistence of ARB and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in marine ecosystems. Through a systematic literature review of 174 peer-reviewed articles, the study highlights how anthropogenic pollutants—especially antibiotics, heavy metals, and plastics—contribute to resistance emergence. Furthermore, it discusses the transmission pathways from pollution hotspots (e.g., hospitals, agriculture, wastewater) to the oceans. The One Health (OH) strategy is presented as a comprehensive solution to address the environmental, human, and animal health risks posed by antibiotic pollution. This paper serves as a basis for future research into surveillance, mitigation, and policy interventions for controlling AR in marine environments.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an infectious disease caused by the dengue virus (DENV), which is transmitted through the bite of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. These mosquitoes act as the primary vectors carrying the dengue virus. The spread of DHF primarily occurs in tropical and subtropical regions. Mosquito control can be carried out using various methods, one of which is chemical control. However, the long-term use of chemical insecticides may lead to mosquito resistance, highlighting the need for safer alternatives to synthetic insecticides. One such alternative is the use of plant-based extracts. The butterfly pea plant (Clitoria ternatea) has shown potential as a natural larvicide due to its content of flavonoids, tannins, and anthocyanins, which function as antioxidants and are toxic to mosquito larvae. This study aims to determine the potential of Clitoria ternatea flower extract as a natural larvicide against Aedes aegypti larvae. The results of the effectiveness test showed that Clitoria ternatea flower extract has significant larvicidal potential against Aedes aegypti larvae. Observed larval mortality at 24 hours was 22 larvae at 10% concentration, 23 larvae at 50%, and 25 larvae (100%) at 100% concentration. The LC₅₀ value obtained from the test was 36.78%, indicating the extract's potency as a natural larvicide.

The Tiatiki tradition in Teluk Depapre, Papua, is not merely an ecological ritual but serves as a cultural communication medium that conveys social and political messages. This study aims to analyze Tiatiki as vernacular media representing environmental conservation while articulating the resistance of indigenous communities against development policies that potentially threaten their customary territories. The research employs a qualitative approach with vernacular discourse analysis methods. Primary data were sourced from a 22-minute-22-second documentary produced by the Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Papua (2020), analyzed through narrative transcription, identification of visual symbols, open coding, axial coding, and theoretical interpretation based on the Two-Step Flow theory and the concept of vernacular media. The findings reveal that the ritual prohibition symbolized by the “kayul larangan” is not merely a sign of marine closure for ecological purposes but also a political statement asserting indigenous territorial claims. Indigenous opinion leaders play a strategic role as cultural communicators and as drivers of subtle resistance against external interventions. These results affirm that local wisdom-based conservation in Papua is not solely ecological but also constitutes a political discourse arena projecting cultural identity and indigenous rights. This study contributes theoretically to cultural communication studies, particularly in analyzing vernacular media as instruments of local political resistance.

The policy of mandatory relocation in post-disaster areas, particularly in Cianjur's red zones, plays a crucial role in mitigating risks associated with earthquakes and other natural disasters. This study analyzes the implementation of this policy from the perspective of local government tasks and functions, focusing on the coordination of various stakeholders, legal frameworks, and community involvement. The research uses a qualitative approach, combining legal-normative and sociological perspectives to explore the challenges and conflicts faced during the relocation process. Findings indicate that while the policy has been crucial in safeguarding public safety, its implementation has faced significant challenges such as budget constraints, community resistance, and logistical issues. The study highlights the importance of improving collaboration among local authorities, security agencies, and affected communities. The findings also suggest the need for a more transparent and inclusive approach to policy implementation, ensuring the protection of displaced populations' rights.

This study aims to examine the role of the Enterprise Resource Planning system in improving the quality of corporate financial reports. Accurate, relevant, and timely financial reports are the main key to effective decision making by management and stakeholders. However, many companies, especially in Indonesia, still face obstacles in preparing financial reports due to manual processes that are prone to errors, information delays, and lack of data integration. The Enterprise Resource Planning system as an integrated information technology solution is expected to be able to overcome these problems by automating business processes and providing data in real time. The research method used is a literature review that examines various sources of scientific literature related to the implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning and its impact on the quality of financial reports. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning significantly improves the accuracy, efficiency, relevance, and timeliness of financial report preparation, while supporting data transparency and accountability. Constraints such as limited human resources, implementation costs, and resistance to change remain challenges that must be managed properly. This study concludes that Enterprise Resource Planning has a strategic role in improving the quality of financial reports and is an important investment for companies that want to increase their competitiveness and effectiveness of financial management in the digital era.

Inclusive empowerment is a village development approach that emphasizes the active involvement of vulnerable groups—such as women, the elderly, people with disabilities , and the poor—in all stages of planning through to evaluation. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the Village-Owned Enterprises ( BUMDes ) program in Daha Utara District, South Kalimantan, in ensuring participation and accessibility for these groups. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through interviews with BUMDes managers and representatives of vulnerable groups. The evaluation was conducted based on William N. Dunn's six policy indicators: effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, fairness, responsiveness , and accuracy. The results show that the BUMDes program has had a limited positive impact on increasing the income of vulnerable groups, but their involvement is still limited, both in terms of participation and physical access. The main challenges include the lack of disability- friendly infrastructure , minimal capacity training, and community resistance due to low program transparency. On the other hand, local cultural support such as mutual cooperation, involvement of traditional leaders, and partnerships with the village government are important supporting factors. This study recommends increasing human resource capacity, strengthening inclusive infrastructure, socialization based on local wisdom, and adaptive digitalization to expand access. With strategic intervention, BUMDes is expected to be able to transform into a driving force for fair, participatory and sustainable village development.

Obesity is a growing global health issue affecting both developed and developing countries. Despite various preventive efforts, the prevalence of obesity continues to rise. One of the emerging approaches in managing obesity and its complications is by modulating gut microbiota balance. Gut microbiota plays a significant role in energy metabolism, inflammation regulation, and insulin sensitivity. An imbalance in gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis, is frequently observed in obese individuals and has been associated with increased insulin resistance, a key feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aims to systematically review the relationship between gut microbiota imbalance and insulin resistance in obese patients, based on literature from 2016 to 2024. The literature search was conducted through accredited databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and others using the keywords “Gut Microbes,” “Insulin Resistance,” and “Obesity.” From 500 initial articles, 10 highly relevant journals were selected for further analysis. The review findings reveal a strong association between dysbiosis and increased insulin resistance through various mechanisms, including short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, activation of inflammatory pathways, and disruption of glucose metabolism. Several studies also suggest that interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation may improve insulin sensitivity. However, more longitudinal and interventional studies are needed to establish a strong causal relationship. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining gut microbiota balance as a potential strategy in managing obesity and insulin resistance.

The advancement of digital technology has revolutionized the way companies manage their business operations. Operational management is no longer limited to process efficiency, but has evolved into an adaptive, data-driven system supported by advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things (IoT), big data analytics, and cloud computing. This article aims to explore the evolution of operational management in the digital era by identifying major challenges such as the digital skill gap, technological infrastructure limitations, and organizational resistance to change, while also examining strategic opportunities such as automation, enhanced efficiency, and data-based decision making. Using a qualitative approach through literature review, this study provides both theoretical and empirical perspectives on the importance of operational innovation in building competitive advantage amid ongoing digital disruption.

The plastic waste emergency in Denpasar reflects an ecological and social crisis due to the accumulation of single-use plastics. In response, the Bali Provincial Government issued Governor Regulation No. 97/2018, though its implementation remains limited. This study analyzes forms of community resistance to the policy and identifies structural causes and implications. Using a qualitative approach grounded in Cultural Studies, the research reveals resistance in passive, symbolic, and active forms, driven by information asymmetry, economic burdens, and lack of participatory policy-making. Findings show resistance as an articulation of agency within power/knowledge relations. The study concludes that environmental policy success depends on authentic public engagement as subjects of change.

Shrimp petis is a traditional Indonesian fermented product that is susceptible to contamination by pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas spp. Preservation is generally carried out with chemical antibiotics, but their use can cause side effects and microbial resistance. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of ginger extract (Zingiber officinale) as a natural antibiotic against bacteria in shrimp petis. Ginger extract is known to contain active compounds such as gingerol and shogaol which have antibacterial activity. Through literature studies and disc diffusion method analysis, it was found that ginger extract was able to produce an inhibition zone of 12–22 mm against test bacteria. These results indicate that ginger extract is effective in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria and has the potential to be used as a natural preservative. In addition, a combination of biological, chemical, and natural preservation approaches is recommended to maintain the quality and safety of shrimp petis. The use of ginger extract is in line with the trend of healthy and environmentally friendly food.

This article discusses the poem “Sajak Suara” by Wiji Thukul through a structural approach that emphasizes the analysis of intrinsic elements of the text, such as diction, imagery, figurative language, typography, and the poem’s inner structure. This poem was chosen because it contains a strong ideological message related to the struggle against oppression and the silencing of freedom of expression, particularly in the context of the New Order regime. The analysis shows that the poem’s formal structure both in form and content, actively reinforces the spirit of resistance and freedom. The use of direct diction, rhetorical language, and free typography reflects an expression of tension and determination. Thus, the structural approach is able to reveal how the poem’s form itself becomes a crucial instrument in conveying socio-political messages. This study is expected to broaden appreciation of poetry as a medium of critique and collective awareness.