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There are still many challenges in the world of education in Indonesia, so that the goals of education have not been fully realized. one of the problems in Indonesian education is that learning outcomes at the elementary and secondary school levels are very minimal due to an imbalance in the effectiveness of learning and learning in the classroom. In 2019, the average teacher competency score (UKG) was 57 out of 100, with a teacher pedagogical average of 49.34 and a teacher professional average. The low literacy and competence of teachers is a benchmark for the success of education in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the relationship between a teacher's pedagogical competence and students' cultural literacy and citizenship abilities through PKN subjects. The method used in this research is descriptive-qualitative, with the subject being a class V teacher and students at an elementary school in Mojokerto. The results of the study show that there is a relationship and influence between the pedagogical competencies possessed by teachers on the cultural literacy and citizenship abilities of students in PKN subjects. This can be seen from the readiness of the teacher to design and design learning tools, implementing learning in the classroom to evaluating learning.    

This research is motivated by a phenomenon from the author's observations about the low student learning outcomes caused by several factors, including the low attention of students in attending Islamic Religious Education lessons. One of the causes of the problems that arise is the inaccuracy of the use of methods in learning. So, in this study the researcher will choose a method that is considered to be able to improve student learning outcomes, namely by using the demonstration method. This research uses a quantitative experimental approach. Collecting data in this study the authors obtained through tests and documentation. This study used 44 students as a population and 44 students as a sample. The data analysis technique that the author did was a prerequisite analysis test in the form of a data normality test, homogenesis. Then the final data analysis the author uses is the t-test. Based on the results of the study it can be understood that the results of the researchers' calculations using the t-test and SPSS 20 where the t-test obtained the results tcount = 4.11713736 and ttable = 1.714, then tcount > ttable then H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, and calculations using SPSS 20 yield results which are 2-tailed significant values or sig values. (2-tailed) = 0.000 at the significance level α = 0.05. Because the significant value of 2-tailed <α, i.e. 0.000 <0.05, H0 is rejected. So it can be concluded that demonstrations are effective in improving student learning outcomes in class VIII.2 PAI subjects at SMPN 4 Kec. Lareh Sago Halaban.

This study aims to examine the effect of the science and social studies module on story material in the area where I live on the learning outcomes of IV grade students at SDN Lebakrejo IV Purwodadi. This type of research is quantitative using experimental research methods, the form of Quasi Experimental Design research and the design of this research, namely Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The instrument used in this research is the test instrument. The population in this study amounted to 27 students. The instrument includes a pre-test and post-test using the t-test statistical analysis technique. The results showed that there was a significant influence from the use of the science teaching modules which had been developed according to the needs and characteristics of students, namely the t count (3.52) was greater than the t table (2.06), so it could be concluded that the difference between the mean post-test scores of the two groups were statistically significant.

Low education human resources in Indonesia, especially educators or teachers who are less professional in carrying out their work, can be the cause of low levels of education in this country. One way to improve the quality of education is through the professionalization of teachers or through educational supervision. Supervision through various methods, education corrects educational problems helping, supervising, guiding, and directing educators towards professionalism in its goal is to improve education and address problems with it. Educational supervision supports teachers in developing lesson plans that will produce the desired learning outcomes. Supervision is an integral part of efforts to improve learning achievement and teacher quality. Supervision or supervision is an effort to provide services to education, especially teachers. Education supervision is also a process of controlling and evaluating activities to ensure that all educational activities are carried out according to plan, as well as activities to improve and correct if there are deviations that will interfere with the process of achieving goals. Reviewing educational supervision in order to improve teacher professionalism is the purpose of this. This article is written using the literature study method in the form of a number of literature tasks related to the management of research materials, reading and recording, and information collection techniques. Some are obtained on the basis of research studies.

This study aims to describe the effect of the snowball throwing learning model on the results of learning to read Indonesian for grade IV SD students No.198 Inpres Bontorita Takalar Regency. The subjects used in the study were 30 students. This type of research is pre-experimental research in the form of Pre Test Post Test Design, namely an experiment which in its implementation only involves one class as the experimental class without any comparison class (control class).The success of the learning process in terms of aspects, namely: the achievement of completeness of students' classical Indonesian learning outcomes, student activities in learning Indonesian. Learning is said to be successful if the above aspects are fulfilled. The data collection technique used is the score data for reading results which are collected using a reading test.The results of the descriptive statistical analysis using the Snowball Throwing Learning Model for positive reading skills, students' reading skills using the Snowball Throwing learning model show better learning outcomes than before the Snowball Throwing learning model was applied. The results of inferential statistical analysis using the t test formula, it is known that the calculated t value obtained is 11.5444 with a frequency of db = 30–1 = 29, at a significance level of 5% obtained t table = 2.04523. So, t count > t table or the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (H1) is accepted. This proves that there is influence in applying the Snowball Throwing learning model to reading skills in Indonesian language class IV SD No.198 Inpres Bontorita.

This study aims to determine the effect of applying the problem-based learning model with the following research variables: (1) teacher activity; (2) student activities; (3) students' cognitive learning outcomes; and (4) students' responses by applying the Problem-Based learning model to the Basic Spices material and their Derivatives. This research was conducted in class X Culinary 3 SMKN 2 Mojokerto.             This type of research is quasi-experimental or quasi-experimental. This research was applied to class X Culinary 3 with a total of 33 students. The data in the study were obtained by several methods, namely: observation, written test (pre-test, post-test), and questionnaires. The data analysis technique used the Paired Sample T-Test.             The results of the study show: (1) the teacher's activities are in the very good category; (2) student activity is in very good category; (3) Resultspre-testand the student post-test with paired t test showed a significant value of 0.001 <0.005; (4) student responses are in very good category.

   This study aimed to investigate the effect of inquiry model on students' learning outcomes in social studies at the elementary school level. The study employed an experimental research design, using a sample of 23 sixth-grade students from SDN Trawas 1. The results showed that the use of the inquiry model in social studies significantly improved students' learning outcomes compared to the conventional method. In teaching social studies, the inquiry model can be applied by choosing topics that are interesting and relevant to students' daily lives. Thus, the use of the inquiry model in teaching social studies at the elementary school level can provide significant benefits to students, such as improving their learning outcomes and motivating them to learn independently and creatively.  

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) warns that there are only 12 years left or until 2030 to prevent extreme climate disasters that occur due to global warming (Global Warming). One of the triggers for global warming is air pollution triggered by the large emissions of global greenhouse gases (GHGs). Efforts to reduce the amount of greenhouse emissions emitted by large-scale buildings or civil buildings are to apply the Green Building concept. The research design in this study is survey research with the expost facto method. The research instrument uses tests and questionnaires to answer the research hypothesis, with data analysis techniques using the Paired Sample T Test test to measure the impact of the green building concept on learning outcomes and a simple linear regression correlation coefficient to measure the effect of green building concept learning on energy-saving attitudes. From the results of the Paired Sample t test, a value of t = 0.525 was obtained, because the value of t>0.05 then the Ha hypothesis can be accepted, so there is a significant influence on learning using the green building concept with the learning outcomes of class XI students specializing in social studies at SMAN 3 Jember. As for the results of the simple linear regression correlation coefficient test, the results of which there was a significant influence on learning the green building concept with a water and electricity energy-saving attitude of class XI students specializing in social studies at SMAN 3 Jember.    

Based on information from the teachers, the students’ SKI learning outcomes are low. The reason for this is that using varied teacher  media will result in students learning to feel bored and less enthusiastic and students become passive. The purpose of this research was conducted at private MTs N’L sorkam kanan in North Sumatera to be precise, students in class IX.A and IX.B. It can be seen that in the learning carried out after using flash card media on student SKI learning outcomes. This study used experimental research where class IX B was used as an experimental class. The class was given treatment using flash card media with a total of 24 students and for the control class, class IX.A was not given treatment but only used conventional media.  As every day in learning, the number of students here is  26 students will be seen that there is a good differences in the results when using flash card media with conventional media. So with that, trials were carried out with preter and portert tests to find out differences in students SKI learning outcomes before and after being given treatment.  Flash card media on the learning outcomes of SKI MTs Students private MTs NU Sorkam right in North Sumatra, which was seen in a paired t test with editorial T1 pretest and T2 posttest which produces sig= 0,000 which is smaller than the significant 0,05 and the tcount test is 10,021 while the t tabel of 24 students, the t tabel is 0,173 then Ha is accepted. 2. There are differences in student SKI learning outcomes using flash card media and conventional media as shown at sig= 0,018 which is smaller than the significant 0,05. 3. Student SKI learning outcomes using flash card media are better than conventional media seen at it sig=0,018 which is smaller than the significant 0,05 can be seen that student SKI learning outcomes using flash card media are better than conventional media.

Writing this thesis aims: 1) To find out student learning outcomes in class volume cube material; 2) To determine the effect of unit cube teaching aids on student learning outcomes; 3) To find out whether there are differences in the learning outcomes of class students who use unit cube teaching aids with classes that do not use unit cubes. This thesis uses a quantitative method with the type of quasi-experimental research. The samples used are two classes, namely class 5 A and class 5 B. Data collection techniques use observation, documentation, interviews and tests. This study used instrument test analysis Then data analysis techniques were used using tests and hypothesis testing. The results showed that: 1) There were differences in grade 5 student learning outcomes between classes that used unit cube teaching aids and those that did not use unit cube teaching aids with the calculation results t test obtained tcount 2.374 and ttable 1.672 so the result is tcount > ttable meaning H1 is accepted and H0 is rejected. 2) There is an increase in student learning outcomes after using unit cube teaching aids based on hypothesis testing with the control class results obtained at 0.61. It can be concluded that the improvement in control class learning outcomes is in the moderate category. While the n-gain test for the experimental class obtained results of 0.70, it was concluded that the increase in learning outcomes for the experimental class was in the high category.    

This classroom action research was conducted because the level of student learning completion in the Fiqh subject was still low, namely only 59% of students achieved the Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM). By implementing the Problem Based Learning (PBL) method in Fiqh learning, it is expected to improve student learning outcomes in accordance with the expected learning objectives. The formulation of the problem in this study includes: how to implement Fiqh learning using the PBL method, and how to improve student learning outcomes after implementing the method at MI Muhammadiyah Basin. This study follows the stages in the classroom action model, namely: planning, implementing actions, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this study were grade VI students of MI Muhammadiyah Basin in the Fiqh subject. The results of this study indicate that the application of the PBL method with stages such as compiling problems or questions that must be solved by students, can encourage improved learning outcomes. This can be seen from the data obtained in cycles I and II. In cycle I, the percentage of students who achieved KKM was 70.59%, while in cycle II it increased to 94.18%. Based on these improvements, it can be concluded that the application of the Problem Based Learning method in Islamic Jurisprudence learning has succeeded in improving student learning outcomes at MI Muhammadiyah Basin.

The skills to analyze systematics and language of scientific work are very important for students to master. However, based on observations, several Indonesian language teachers at SMAN 4 Semarang still apply teacher-dominated learning, namely lectures and power points as learning media which make learning not student centered so that when participating in learning the students feel bored. Therefore, the ASSURE model was tested using Quizwhizzer media in learning to analyze the systematics and language of scientific work in class XI.MIPA3 SMAN 4 Semarang with the aim of creating student-centered learning, increasing student interest in learning and activeness, and optimizing student learning outcomes. This research method is descriptive qualitative with test and non-test instruments (questionnaire). Test instruments are used with test techniques as material for analyzing the effectiveness of the learning process. While the non-test technique is used with observation and questionnaire techniques as material for analyzing the characteristics of students and assessing the effectiveness of the learning process. The results of this study can be concluded that the ASSURE model with Quizwhizzer media is appropriately applied in learning to analyze the systematics and language of scientific work. The results of this study are useful as reference material in choosing learning models and media, especially learning models and media to analyze the systematics and language of scientific work.    

This study aims to determine and describe the Implementation of Cultural Arts (Music) Learning Singing Material Based on the Independent Curriculum Class VII B SMP Unp Laboratory Development. This type of research is qualitative, with a descriptive approach. Research instruments are researchers themselves and are assisted by supporting instruments such as stationery, cameras and mobile phones. Data collection techniques are carried out through literature study, observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques are collecting data, classifying data, clarifying data, analyzing data, describing data and inferring data. The results showed that learning planning has not been fully guided by the teaching modules in the independent curriculum, the impact of these conditions, the learning outcomes of students are still not optimal. Then, at the stage of implementing learning, it has not been carried out optimally because when carrying out learning the teacher is not fully guided by the teaching modules made. Assessments, methods and learning strategies used by teachers have not been implemented in accordance with the stage of cultural arts learning outcomes based on the independent curriculum. Teachers who are too fixated on the material and lack of teacher intervention in the learning process of students Furthermore, at the evaluation stage, a full summative assessment has not been carried out, such as teachers do not do.

Students in the digital era expect more learning using technology. This requires teachers to modify learning by applying technology in it. This study tries to apply the ASSURE learning model with the integration of Wordwall Games media which can be accessed on each student's device in class. The uses of Wordwall Games media match with the ASSURE model because it links technology. Wordwall Games is a game specially designed for learning. This game can improve motivation in students' learning, so that learning in the technological era become more effective and efficient. This research based on classroom action research on discussion text material using the ASSURE model using Wordwall media in class IX at SMP Negeri 9 Semarang which is targeted in 2 learning cycles. The results showed that there was an students enhancement motivation in 2 learning cycles of learning as evidenced by increased of student learning outcomes. This proves that the ASSURE model and Wordwall media are fit to be applied in Indonesian learning, especially in discussion text.                                                                

The purpose of this study is to compare the learning outcomes of students who were taught a system of linear equations with two variables using the Contextual Teaching and Learning model versus those who were taught the same material using the Direct Instruction methodology. Class VIII-1, which used the Contextual Teaching and Learning approach, and class VIII-2, which used the Direct Instruction model, were the topics. This study used a Posttest Only Control Group Design and a Quasi-Experimental Method. The sample for this study was drawn from two classes, specifically classes VIII1 and VIII2, each of which included 25 pupils. Both classes were equal and uniform. This data analysis is tested using the t-test with the parameters tcount = 5.020 > ttable = 2.059. H1 is accepted because H0 is refused. For instance, the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) methodology can help students learn more effectively utilizing social math tools.

Learning Indonesian contains material regarding news texts that students need to master. Based on observations at SMP N 19 Semarang, especially in class VII F, it shows that learning carried out on news text material has not been carried out effectively, and the material has not been fully conveyed properly in the learning process resulting in learning that cannot be said according to learning outcomes. Educators need to carry out activities to improve learning and deal with problems in the classroom, one of which is by designing learning media that can help facilitate the learning process. This model needs to be integrated with something that is currently closely related to students so that it can provide an imprinted and memorable learning experience for students. One model that is relevant to the characteristics of students is the ASSURE model. Based on the research that was conducted on 32 students at SMP N 19 Semarang, in the first cycle the average student assessment score was below the average score of 69.53, while in the second cycle there was an increase in student assessment scores with an average score. -class average 81.25. This proves that the application of the ASSURE model for digital pocket book learning media to news texts for class VII SMP can be said to be effective.      

The purpose of this research is to describe the integrative thematic learning process for fifth grade students. The method used in this study is qualitative. Data collection techniques using interviews and observation and analyzed based on reduction diagrams, interpretation and conclusion. Research results at the learning planning stage, some lesson plans have used thematic lesson plans, but there are some subject matter that have not used thematic lesson plans. At the small part of the learning implementation stage, the delivery of material has not used thematic learning models, as seen in the delivery of material still based on subjects. Most of them already use thematic learning models. Furthermore, at the assessment stage, the thematic assessment model has not been used. The assessment of learning outcomes carried out by all teachers is in the form of a written test which is still carried out based on the subject. The obstacles to the application of thematic learning, namely the lack of socialization regarding thematic learning and the limitations of adequate teaching aids, so that it is less than optimal in concrete learning  

The educational process functions as the intellectual development and potential of students. The use of appropriate learning models or media can encourage the growth of students' enjoyment of the learning process, increasing learning motivation. This study applies the ASSURE learning model with Mentimeter media which can be accessed through each student's device. Menimeter media is used as a form of technology application in the learning process. Mentimeter can be used as an online presentation medium or presented in a quiz format to assess students' understanding of the material provided by the teacher (Zulfa & Huda, 2021). This study uses a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach method with research instruments that use test instruments and non-test instruments. The results of this study indicate that the ASSURE model with mentimeter media can be applied in learning to analyze the systematics and language of scientific work. The use of meter media in the learning process can motivate students in learning which affects the acquisition of learning outcomes.

This study aims to describe, build, and maintain an attitude of tolerance in the era of society 5.0. The character of tolerance is a fundamental need of a pluralistic society. Tolerance creates a sense of serenity, peace, harmony and prosperity in social life. Willingness to side by side keeps people away from conflict, social tension, hostility, and division. Adolescents need direction, stimulus, and an environment to grow and implement a tolerant character. This study used a quantitative experimental research method. The research population was class X SMA PL Don Bosko Semarang. The aims of the study were: 1) to measure the effectiveness of the TGT method in increasing students' tolerance, 2) to improve student learning achievement using the module-assisted TGT method, 3) to strengthen tolerance so that student learning outcomes increase. The results showed that: 1) the module-assisted TGT method was considered effective in increasing students' tolerance, 2) TGT treatment improved student achievement, 3) tolerance had a significant influence on student learning outcomes.

Mathematics is often considered a difficult subject by students so it is not uncommon for students to experience learning difficulties such as experiencing anxiety when learning mathematics, therefore this study aims to describe the level of anxiety, describe the factors that cause anxiety, and how anxiety affects student learning difficulties class X at MAS YMPI Tanjungbalai. In this study, the number of research subjects was 36 students with a sampling technique, namely purposive sampling. Data collection in this study was in the form of data field notes using observation, questionnaires, interviews and documentation. Learning difficulties can be interpreted as a condition in the learning process which is characterized by the presence of certain obstacles to achieve learning outcomes. In this study it refers more to the problem of student anxiety which is an obstacle in achieving learning objectives. This research is a type of qualitative research and the validity technique in this study uses time triangulation. Based on the results of data analysis and discussion regarding the level of student anxiety in learning mathematics, it can be concluded that from 36 students, 8 (22.2%) students experienced high levels of anxiety, 23 (63.9%) students experienced moderate anxiety levels and 5 (13.9) %) students have a low level of anxiety. The anxiety of the students with the low anxiety category was more responsive and very enthusiastic in learning mathematics compared to the other two categories, namely the moderate anxiety category and the high anxiety category. Based on data analysis on average student learning outcomes, students with high levels of anxiety will have an average learning outcome lower than students with medium anxiety levels and high anxiety levels.