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Calistung learning is part of the Early Childhood Education (PAUD) Curriculum. Basically, Khalistan learning focuses on teaching reading, writing and arithmetic skills. This is stated in Appendix I to the Regulation of the Minister of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia (Permen) No. 137, Content Standards for Developmental Achievement Levels for Children 4-5 Years and 5-6 Years (STPPA). 2014. This introduction aims to prepare children to continue to the next level of education, namely basic education. However, the ideal Calistung PAUD learning model is still a serious problem in a broader context, especially when combined with the possibility of further SD/MI entrance exams in the form of the Calistung test. Many elementary schools/MIs hold Calistung entrance exams as a prerequisite for accepting new students according to standards  

Based on the observations that have been made, it is shown that students' mathematical communication skills are still relatively low so that an innovative learning model is needed to improve students' mathematical communication skills. This study aims to see whether the improvement in students' mathematical communication skills taught with the Two Stay Two Stray cooperative learning model is higher than the mathematical communication skills of students taught with the Think Pair Share cooperative learning model and to see how the improvement in mathematical communication skills taught with the two models. This study is a study that is included in the quasi-experimental category with a pretest-posttest control group design. The subjects in this study were 62 students in grades VIII-A and VIII-E of SMP Negeri 4 Balige. Based on the research that has been done, the results of the N-Gain test were obtained with an average N-Gain value in experimental class 1, namely 0.813 in accordance with the Gain index criteria in the high category and the average N-Gain value in experimental class 2, namely 0.693 in accordance with the Gain index criteria in the medium category. Based on the research that has been done, because the data is normally distributed and homogeneous, the hypothesis test is carried out using the t-test. Through the t-test that has been done, it was obtained that , namely 2.465>2.000. Therefore  is rejected, which means that the increase in mathematical communication skills of students taught with the Two Stay Two Stray cooperative learning model is higher than those taught with the Think Pair Share cooperative learning model.

This research aims to investigate the influence of the CIRC (Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition) Learning Model on the learning motivation and character of class XI students at SMA HKBP 2 Tarutung in the 2022/2023 academic year. The method used is a quantitative approach with an experimental design. Data was collected through a questionnaire that measured the level of learning motivation and student character before and after implementing the learning model. The results of the analysis show that there is a significant increase in learning motivation and student character after implementing the CIRC Model. These findings indicate that the use of collaborative learning models can increase student engagement and form positive character.    

The results of the research that have been researched by the author are: First, the reason for the integration of PAI learning at SMP BP Amanatul Ummah Pacet is to deepen students' understanding of Islamic religious teachings. Therefore, integration of PAI learning with book learning is carried out, such as Fiqh using Mabadiul Fikihiya and Arabic using Akidatul Awam. Obstacles faced include the difficulty of teachers dividing time between PAI and muis as well as the challenges of adapting new grade 7 students from elementary school. Solutions include teacher adaptation to changing moods and student maturity levels as well as developing engaging and effective teaching methods to maintain student focus. Second, the form of integration of learning that uses the Integrated model (The Integrated Model).

The aim of the research is to determine the effect of implementing Audio Visual Learning Media on science learning outcomes by conducting experiments on class VIII students at MTs Qotrun Nada Depok. The research model used is an experimental method with analysis of the mean difference between two samples. The sample used was 40 students from classes VII.1 and VII.2 as the experimental class and 40 students from classes VII.3 and VII.4 as the control class. Research data to test the hypothesis comes from test scores on Measurement Materials and quantities. The instruments used are validity and reliability. The results of the research are the results of learning science using Audio Visual Learning Media (experimental class), with an average score of 72.30 with a median of 70.59; mode 68.42; variance 177.07; and standard deviation 13.31. It can be concluded that students' science learning outcomes provide good results. The science learning outcomes of students who did not use Audio Visual Learning Media (control class) obtained an average score of 50.85 with a median of 43.75; mode 47.17; variant 190.85; and standard deviation 13.81. This shows that students' science learning outcomes provide quite good results. So it can be concluded that there is an influence of Audio Visual Learning Media on science learning outcomes. From the research results, it was found that tcount = 7.13 was higher than ttable = 1.996 at a significance level of 5%, so H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. This means that there is a significant difference between students' science learning outcomes taught with Audio Visual Learning Media. Keywords: , 

This study is motivated by the students' poetry writing skills are often hampered due to lack of focus, difficulty expressing feelings due to uncomfortable situations, low interest in writing, less time, and less optimal use of a variety of learning models and media so that the results obtained by students are less than optimal. Therefore, it is necessary to apply other innovative models and media that are more supportive. So that in this study has a formulation of the problem of how the application of the Project Based Learning model assisted by Wattpad media in writing poetry material for class VIII students of SMPN 25 Semarang in the 2023/2024 academic year. The data collection method of this research is descriptive qualitative. With the subject of class VIII C totaling 33 students. The data collection techniques used in this study were test and non-test techniques. The test technique was carried out by giving a test on writing poetry text through the specified learning media, while the non-test technique was carried out by observation, student questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. So that the application of the Project Based Learning Model assisted by Wattpad Media can be applied with the results of good poetry text work products in learning the material of writing poetry texts on Class VIII Students of SMPN 25 Semarang Academic Year 2023/2024.

This research uses qualitative methods, a type of case study with a single case design. Data collection techniques were carried out using in-depth interviews, participant observation and documentation. Data is analyzed using an interactive model consisting of collecting data (data collection), reducing data (data reduction), presenting data (data display), and concluding (conclusion). Checking the validity of the data is carried out using credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability tests.This research also aims to find out: (1) Are teaching media urgent in improving learning outcomes, (2) What steps must be taken in the learning process to improve learning outcomes.The results of this research show that: (1) teaching media is very urgent in the learning process in order to improve children's optimal learning outcomes, so that it can make it easier for students to receive lessons, can foster children's learning motivation, (2) Then the steps taken in the learning process To improve student learning outcomes is to provide adequate facilities and infrastructure and carry out the learning process based on the curriculum and local regional conditions using various methods including;  lecture method, question and answer method, discussion method, learning assignment method, demonstration method, experimental method, social drama and role playing method, project method and problem solving method    

This research aims to determine the effect of peer teaching learning methods on students' cognitive learning outcomes in mathematics subjects in class V at SDN 167 Pekanbaru. The method used in this research is a quasi-experimental method with the dependent variable being student learning outcomes, the independent variable being the Peer Teaching method. Research was carried out through planning, action implementation, observation and evaluation stages. The subjects of this research were determined using purposive sampling, namely class Vb SDN 167 Pekanbaru, totaling 30 people. Data was collected using student activity observation sheets and knowledge tests. The collected data was analyzed using quantitative analysis. The results of the research show that the peer teaching learning method can influence the cognitive learning outcomes of class V students at SDN 167 Pekanbaru in Mathematics learning by 71.69%, namely in the high category G > 70%

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) faces various challenges in ensuring secure communication, authentication, and data integrity due to its distributed nature and evolving threat landscape. To address these issues, this paper proposes the integration of blockchain authentication as a robust solution to enhance security and reliability in IIoT networks. By leveraging Federated Learning with blockchain technology, the proposed solution aims to improve authentication mechanisms by training models across multiple edge devices, increasing fault tolerance, and adaptability while reducing the risk of single points of failure. The use of blockchain technology ensures a tamper-proof and transparent ledger for securely storing authentication data and model updates, enhancing security and integrity in IIoT networks. The results and analysis demonstrate that the integration of Federated Learning and blockchain technology effectively addresses interoperability issues, performance optimization concerns, and security vulnerabilities within IIoT networks, offering a more efficient, secure, and scalable authentication alternative.

In education, resilience is an important psychological concept especially for understanding how students cope with stress and challenges in their educational environment. This study focuses on five dimensions that contribute to students' level of resilience, including: perseverence, self-reliance, equanimity, existential aloness, and meaningfull life. Study aims to test the validity and reliability of a scale or instrument that measures the level of resilience in Vocational High School (SMK) students, using Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). This study involved 103 SMK students as research participants. Data were collected through a previously developed resilience scale. Data were analyzed using measurement model and structural model. The analysis showed that the resilience scale has good construct validity, with reliable indicators to measure the desired construct. The reliability of the instrument was also found to be high based on the calculated Cronbach's alpha coefficient. This study makes an important contribution to understanding the resilience of vocational students and validating an instrument that can be used to effectively measure this concept in an educational context. Practical implications of the findings include the development of more targeted educational programs to enhance students' resilience, so that they can face learning and life challenges more readily and effectively.

This research aimed to investigate the students’ perceptions of the flipped classroom approach in learning English at SMPN 2 X Koto Tanah Datar. The flipped classroom model, which reversed traditional in-class activities and homework, introduced new content at home through videos or readings, and dedicated class time to interactive, hands-on activities. This method sought to enhance student engagement, promote active learning, and provide opportunities for personalized instruction and immediate feedback. The study employed a descriptive quantitative method, focusing on second-grade students. Data were collected using a questionnaire that was distributed to 64 students, who were selected through purposive sampling. The questionnaire aimed to gauge students' perceptions of various aspects of the flipped classroom, including self-directed learning, collaboration, responsibility, learning performance, flexibility, and student satisfaction. The population for this study consisted of all second-grade students at SMPN 2 X Koto for the academic year 2021/2022, totaling 95 students across three classes. The sample was selected using purposive sampling, focusing on classes VIII.1 and VIII.2, to ensure participants had the specific attributes necessary for the research. Based on the findings and analysis, it can be concluded that students at SMPN 2 X Koto Tanah Datar have a highly favorable perception of the Flipped Classroom approach in learning English. The study, which involved 95 second-grade students, revealed positive responses across various aspects such as autonomy in learning, collaboration, responsibility, learning performance, flexibility, individualized experiences, interactions, and overall satisfaction. With an average score of 81.41%, categorized as "Very Good" by Arikunto's criteria, the Flipped Classroom methodology is well-received and deemed beneficial for English education at SMPN 2 X Koto Tanah Datar.

21st century teachers are required to be professional, required to have a combination of 4 main skills, namely: academic, professional and social skills to educate and teach students effectively and efficiently. Increasing teacher academic competence is very important in supporting students' preparation for the 21st century generation, in addition to other competencies. Academic competency includes mastery of material and how to convey that material effectively and efficiently. This Community Service Activity (PKM) aims to improve teacher academic competence through training and mentoring activities with Project Based Learning (PJBL) and Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning models. The PKM method used is a service learning process. Participants in PKM activities are teachers from SMAN 1 Purwosari, Pasuruan Regency. Data was collected using techniques: observation, interviews, tests and questionnaires. The results of PKM activities show an increase in teacher academic competence regarding 2 learning models (PJBL and PBL). The teacher's response after participating in PKM activities was very good and positive and they even recommended similar activities in 2025.

This study aims to apply the K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm to predict stunting status in young children based on height and weight data. Stunting is a growth failure condition caused by chronic malnutrition that negatively impacts children's physical and mental development. The dataset includes height, weight, and stunting status of children. The results show that the KNN model with k=3 achieved 100% accuracy on the test data. Evaluation using the confusion matrix and classification report indicates perfect precision, recall, and F1-score for each class. Data normalization with StandardScaler improved the model's performance by ensuring all features are on the same scale. The KNN algorithm proves to be a simple yet effective method for predicting stunting, demonstrating significant potential for early detection and health intervention in children. This study recommends using a larger and more diverse dataset, as well as incorporating additional relevant features to enhance model accuracy. Implementing the model in a web or mobile application is also suggested to assist healthcare professionals in the field.

The main outcome of this study is the relatively low implementation of discipline-focused education through school days, so that any implementation of discipline-focused education through school days can more effectively discipline students, whether in schools, homes, or the general public. This study is conducted using a kualitatif approach. The purpose of this study is to analyze and describe the discipline-specific teaching methods used by the students of Sekolah Dasar. These studies are conducted using a deskriptif kualitatif approach with school principals, teachers, and students as the subjects. Studying is done in SD GMIT 007 KABOLA. In this study, observations, interviews, and documentation are used as data sources. The techniques for data analysis using the Miles and Huberman model include data redaction, data processing, and verification, or kesimpulan. Triangulation technique is used in the data elucidation process. The study's findings indicate that when it comes toTriangulation is a technique used in data analysis. The results of the study indicate that the following steps should be taken in order to implement the disciplined learning program through the school day at SD GMIT 007 KABOLA: 1) creating the character education program; 2) creating the school rules and behavior codes; 3) providing moral guidance to students in the elementary and middle schools; 4) involving parents/guardians in the disciplined learning process; and 5) involving the school committee in the disciplined learning process.

The main problem of this research is whether there is an effect of implementing the Round Club model on the speaking skills of students at SDN Inpres 162 Kampung Beru, Takalar Regency. This research aims to describe the influence of the Round Club learning model on the speaking skills of class IV students at SDN Inpres 162 Kampung Beru, Takalar Regency. This type of research is pre-experimental research in the form of Pretest Posttest Design, namely an experiment which in its implementation only involves one class as an experimental class without a comparison class (control class) which aims to determine the effect of the Round Club Model on the Speaking Skills of Class IV Students at SDN Inpres 162 Beru Village, Takalar Regency. The subjects of this research were 20 class IV students of SDN Inpres 162 Kampung Beru, Takalar Regency. The results of the research show that the learning outcomes of class IV students before the implementation of the Round Club learning model which was completed individually out of 20 students, only 7 students or 35% met the Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM) or were in the low category. Classically it has not been fulfilled because the average pretest score is 66.8%. Meanwhile, when implementing the Round Club learning model which was completed individually, out of 20 students, 18 students or 90% had fulfilled the KKM and classically had been met, namely the average posttest score obtained was 82.5%, which was categorized as high. This proves that there is an influence of the Round Club Learning Model on Speaking Skills in Class IV Students of SDN Inpres 162 Kampung Beru, Takalar Regency.

Problems in learning mathematics, especially FPB and KPK material, are caused by many factors, one of which is the characteristics of mathematics. This research aims to determine student learning outcomes on KPK and FPB material in class IV of SDN Krueng Baung using the Problem Based Learning model. This research is Classroom Action Research (PTK) with a quantitative approach. The results of the research showed that there was an increase in student learning outcomes in KPK and FPB material in class IV of SDN Krueng Baung. This is proven by the results of research conducted on the pretest, 4 students (28.57%) received a passing score, while 10 students (71.42%) did not complete it, with an average score of 74.07. In the posttest, students' learning outcomes increased to 12 students (85.71%) and 2 students (14.28%) did not complete them, with an average learning outcome score of 79.21.

This study aims to improve students' understanding skills in learning Mathematics, especially in Trigonometry material by using tic tac toe game-based learning media, which is called the Tic Tac Toe game. The Tic Tac Toe game is a type of tic tac toe game in which players mark the spaces in an 8×8 grid with their chips. The player who manages to place 5 tokens using the chips in a row in a horizontal, vertical or diagonal row will win the game. The Tic Tac Toe game is a fun and challenging game for students who play it. Students as players are required to answer the math questions listed on the question cards to be able to place chips into the chip spaces or boxes on the game board. The research conducted was in the form of R&D (Research and Development) development research. This research aims to develop a new product or perfect an existing product (Sugiyono, 2015). This research is an educational research and development study which aims to develop learning resources for educational games by utilizing the Tic Tac Toe game with trigonometry for class XI. The development model used by researchers is the ADDIE (Analysis-Design-DevelopmentImplementation-Evaluation) model which will be carried out in the ADDIE stages. ”. This game media consists of game boards, player chips, game cards and guidebooks. The game Tic Tac Toe is a development of the game Tic Tac Toe in general. Tic Tac Toe games usually only have a 3x3 grid, in contrast to Tic Tac Toe which presents a view with an 8x8 grid so that the scope of players can be even wider. In addition, this game media is also made with a size of 60x68 cm, accompanied by a magnetic plate on the board so that players can attach chips equipped with magnets to the game board. Another difference can be seen from the number of players who can play the game, where in the usual Tic Tac Toe game it can only be played by 2 people, while the Tic Tac Toe game can be played by more than 2 people or in groups.

This study reviews various literature related to the implementation of game-based learning models in improving students' mathematical problem solving abilities. Game-based learning has proven effective in motivating students, increasing interaction, and developing mathematical problem solving skills. This article presents a summary of key findings from relevant studies, highlighting the application of the strategy and the positive impact that this approach can have in the context of mathematics learning.      

The purpose of this research was to produce a worksheet based on problem-based learning that would enhance students' ability to communicate mathematically when working with number pattern content. The quality of this LKPD refers to the effective aspect. This research uses a type of research and development (R&D) with a model developed by Borg & Gall. The subjects in this research were students in class VIII-5 of SMP Negeri 1 Tanjung Morawa with a total of 27 students. The object of this research is teaching materials in the form of PBL-based LKPD. Teacher response questionnaires, student response questionnaires, expert validation sheets, teacher interview question sheets, and tests of mathematical communication competence were the tools employed. Based on the research results, the effectiveness of LKPD can be seen from the achievement of learning completeness with an average individual learning completeness of 88 and for classical completeness of 96.3%. So the LKPD developed is declared "effective". Students' mathematical communication abilities are at a percentage of 90.1%, at high criteria, and it can be noted that for the N-Gain assessment, results were obtained with a student average of 0.74, meaning that there was an increase in students' mathematical communication abilities with high criteria. So, based on the results, it can be concluded that the LKPD developed in this research is valid, effective, and can improve students' mathematical communication skills.

This study aims to improve the writing skills of fable stories in grade V students. The type of research used is R&D (Research and Development) or development research. This development research uses the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Impementation, and Evaluation). The researcher has developed a literacy portfolio book based on Tri-N teaching for students' writing skills. Data collection was conducted by observing the learning process, interviewing educators, tests in the form of pre and post tests, and questionnaires to determine student and teacher responses. Data collection is supported by documentation of the implementation of learning by applying the product. The results of research using this development product can be said to be feasible based on the assessment of media experts and linguists. Based on the results of the pre test, post test, teacher response, and student response, the use of Tri-N teaching-based literacy portfolio books can improve the writing skills of fifth grade elementary school students so that it can be said that this product is effective.,