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Pronunciation skills are fundamental in English language learning, especially in the correct articulation of regular past tense verbs. However, students often experience difficulties in accurately pronouncing such verbs due to the differences between English spelling and pronunciation. To address this issue, this study investigated the effect of the English Language Speech Assistant (ELSA) application on the pronunciation ability of tenth-grade students at SMA Negeri 2 Pematang Siantar. This research utilized a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design, involving 64 students divided equally into an experimental group (X-3) and a control group (X-9) selected through purposive sampling. The experimental group received instruction using the ELSA Speak application, while the control group was taught using conventional teaching methods. Data were collected through pre-tests and post-tests, then analysed using an independent sample t-test. The mean pre-test scores for the experimental and control groups were 50.34 and 50.21, respectively, while the mean post-test scores were 82.56 and 67.37. The t-test analysis revealed a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.000, which was lower than the significance level of 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05). Additionally, the computed t-value exceeded the t-table value (t-observed > t-table at df=62 and α=0.05), leading to the acceptance of the alternative hypothesis (Ha) and the rejection of the null hypothesis (H₀). This indicates that there is a significant difference between students taught using the ELSA Speak application and those taught using conventional methods. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that the ELSA Speak application significantly improves students’ pronunciation abilities in pronouncing English regular past tense verbs.

This systematic literature review examines the evolving role of Quality Engineering (QE) in optimizing production processes within Industry 4.0 contexts. By analyzing 78 peer-reviewed studies (2010–2025), the research identifies critical shifts in QE methodologies, emphasizing integration with artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and real-time digital twin technologies. Key findings reveal enhanced robustness through adaptive optimization algorithms (e.g., Bayesian optimization, NSGA-II), improved defect prediction via AI-driven quality control systems, and streamlined process interoperability through Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) and Quality 4.0 frameworks. The study underscores digital integration as a catalyst for reducing variability, accelerating decision-making, and aligning quality management with Industry 4.0’s demands for agility and interconnected systems. Recommendations include adopting hybrid methodologies combining classical Six Sigma with ML-driven analytics and investing in workforce training for digital QMS adoption.

The aim of this research is to find out vocal phrasing techniques for good and correct sentence fragments in singing the song Arise And Shine Forth. This research uses qualitative research methods using observation, interviews and documentation. This research was carried out by collecting information through field research to obtain results which were processed into accurate data. The research process carried out as data collection is: videos and interviews. By singing the song Arise And Shine Forth, the author uses accompaniment via digital media, namely karaoke. The research results show that the process of implementing the vocal phrasing technique training in singing the song Arise And Shine Forth, namely practicing body posture, breathing, articulation and learning the phrasing of the song Arise And Shine Forth. In the score for the song Arise And Shine Forth, it is known that the chord is 4/4, 42 bars and tempo 68 (Adagio), the tempo tends to be slow but tends to be relaxed. This song is performed in a duet consisting of a man and a woman using different voice melodies. In bars 6 to 10 it is sung by women. Bars 12 to 14 are sung by men. Bars 18 to bar 28, the lyrics are sung together using different melodies. From all the observations and methods that the author has used while conducting research, the vocal phrasing technique in singing the song Arise And Shine Forth is very important. To obtain good and correct phrasing techniques for phrasing sentences, you need to practice and master good vocal techniques to be able to sing the song. There are several ways that must be considered to master good phrasing techniques, namely: practicing breathing, understanding the song being sung, understanding the purpose or message of a song and looking at the sentences in the song where they are divided.

The rapid growth of big data has significantly increased the demand for efficient and scalable data processing methods, particularly within cloud computing environments. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of distributed computing frameworks, specifically Apache Hadoop and Apache Spark, in optimizing big data processing. A qualitative approach using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method is employed to analyze existing studies related to distributed systems, cloud computing architectures, and performance optimization techniques. The analysis focuses on key performance indicators, including processing speed, resource utilization, and scalability, as well as the suitability of each framework for different data processing scenarios. The findings indicate that Apache Hadoop is highly effective for batch processing and storage-intensive tasks due to its disk-based architecture, while Apache Spark demonstrates superior performance in real-time and iterative processing through its in-memory computing capabilities. Additionally, system configuration factors such as cluster size, memory allocation, and network bandwidth are identified as critical elements influencing overall performance. The study also highlights emerging trends, including the adoption of hybrid cloud environments, the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning, and the utilization of edge computing to enhance real-time data processing. In conclusion, distributed computing frameworks play a vital role in improving the efficiency and scalability of big data processing in cloud environments. The selection of an appropriate framework, combined with optimized system configuration, can significantly enhance operational performance and support data-driven decision-making.

Background: Looking at developments in vocational schools, vocational schools in profile are education at the secondary level which has the aim of developing the skills possessed by female students. Basically, in this vocational school, skills are still obtained as a result of the direct learning process every day at the school. Then graduating students can immediately enter industry. The aim of this research is training in making joint techniques for wall lock kapstok products for vocational school students and female students. Training method for making joint techniques on wall lock kapstok products for vocational school students and students. First of all, through the preparation of reference images, the drawing process, the design process and the capstock making process (hemming process, forming process, engraving, finishing materials. There were 15 vocational school students participating. Results: Vocational school students understood the training in making joint techniques in Wall lock kapstok products Conclusion: So the training activity for making joint techniques on wall lock kapstok products for vocational school students and students is an activity that can raise existing problems, especially for vocational school students who previously knew about design science but Finally, we can produce functional Kapstok products.

Entrepreneurship and product design training is a strategic approach to foster creativity, innovation, and independence among vocational students. This community service activity aimed to introduce basic concepts of entrepreneurship, product idea development, and creative thinking to students at SMK Terpadu Husnul Hidayah Gondang Mojokerto. The implementation methods included initial observation, lecture presentations, discussions, and evaluation through pre- and post-training questionnaires. Results indicated that 92% of participants experienced an increase in understanding of entrepreneurship and product design. The training was considered highly beneficial by 84% of participants, while 79% appreciated the interactive learning process. This activity demonstrates that integrating entrepreneurial education into vocational schools can enhance student readiness for the challenges of the business world.

Quality in learning greatly affects the level of student success in learning. In improving quality, of course, there must be application in learning, namely by developing functions and benefits in learning media in elementary schools. Media is a teaching tool that presents several messages and information about facts, concepts, procedures, and principles that are under the subject matter. This research uses qualitative methods with descriptive research types. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview and details of field data collected in developing the functions and benefits of the latest learning media at the elementary level. Data collection techniques using literature studies. This research was conducted through several stages, namely: 1) determining the research subject, 2) studying the research topic, 3) collecting research information, and 4) analyzing data. The results of the study are by conveying messages or information in the teaching-learning process which aims to develop learning motivation and attention to students' interest in lessons. As well as in learning media that contain subject matter used by educators in the learning process, and have two components that are very important for learning success, it can be decided that learning media exist in various types and forms, ranging from the easiest to the most sophisticated. Therefore, the choice of learning media must be tailored to learning objectives, student demographics, availability, technical quality, cost, flexibility, user capabilities, and available time. To improve a quality generation in the future, it is necessary to develop the functions and benefits of learning media in the teaching and learning process, especially in elementary schools.  

Learning media is one of the key components of education which plays an important role in the teaching and learning process. The use of learning media is an important part that requires special attention from teachers in learning activities. There is a need to create learning media that aims to create an orderly, conducive classroom atmosphere and enable effective learning. The aim of the research is to identify teachers' abilities in creating teaching media materials. It is hoped that if teachers have the ability to create teaching material media, the teaching and learning process can run according to plan. This research uses a qualitative method based on library research, the main data sources come from books, magazines and recent journal articles related to the theme of this research. The results of this research show that the majority of teachers have not been creative in creating learning media, this is indicated by the fact that many teachers still use the lecture method in the learning and teaching process, so that the teaching and learning process seems monotonous in only one direction. It is hoped that the publication of this article will encourage teachers to be creative in making interesting learning media even though they are made with simple media.

Learning requires appropriate media support, which can be in the form of original objects around or production results, in order to support certain learning activities. In this process, the teacher acts as a facilitator who conveys messages to students, who then become intermediaries to gain knowledge. This research aims to determine the learning process that involves teachers as directors and students as learning intermediaries to receive information in cognitive, affective and psychomotor forms. The research used is literary study. The literature study method is a series of activities related to methods of collecting library data, reading and taking notes, and managing research materials. The results of the research show that learning media is needed to (1) increase learning effectiveness through student movement and thinking, (2) optimize the use of learning media for successful student learning, (3) adapt to curriculum developments for successful learning.

This research aims to analyze meta data related to the use of the Mathway application by looking at research objectives that relate to the use of the Mathway application. This research uses the SLR (Systematic Literature Review) method. This systematic review identified 8 articles through the Google Scholar database published in 2018-2023. Data collection used the PRISMA procedure. The results of this research show that there are 3 research objectives related to the use of applications in mathematics learning, namely, 1) To find out how important the influence of technology is on mathematics learning for educators and students, 2) To find out how useful an application is in mathematics learning for educators and students, 2) To find out how useful an application is in mathematics learning for educators and students, and 3) To determine learning outcomes based on student interest and learning motivation.

This research aims to describe the application of the PAIKEMI learning strategy in PAI learning. The application of the PAIKEMI learning strategy in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) aims to increase student achievement and engagement. This strategy focuses on student-centered learning, making learning active, innovative, creative, effective, fun and Islamic. In this research, the library research method was used. Data collection was carried out by utilizing library sources such as books, documents and journal articles. The research results show positive results in the implementation of PAIKEMI, which leads to increased cognitive competence and active participation of students. This strategy includes planning, implementation, factors that influence its effectiveness, and evaluation of student learning outcomes. By incorporating PAIKEMI into PAI classes, educators can create a more meaningful and enjoyable learning environment, fostering collaboration, creativity and effectiveness among students. This strategy includes approaches such as “Everyone Here is a Teacher”, which encourages active participation and individual engagement. Additionally, teachers undergo training and collaborative sessions to implement PAIKEMI effectively, ensuring successful lesson planning and student engagement.

In the development of media selection, teaching materials are part of a learning development that cannot be separated from other learning components in a system. Therefore, the selection of media has a variety and methods in accordance with various development models for selecting media for existing teaching materials, including the criteria used in selecting the media. This research aims to determine developments in the selection of teaching material media that will be used in the learning process and as a reference for teachers to develop a teaching material media in the learning process. This research uses qualitative research methods with the type of library research. Qualitative research is the process of producing information in the form of notes and descriptive data. The results of this research show that the development in selecting teaching material media is: (1). selecting teaching materials that fulfill one of the interesting teaching materials and helps students achieve competency and aims to help in the students' learning process, (2) determining the choice of teaching material criteria. must have the ability to improve students' memory, (3) teachers must be skilled in using teaching materials that will be used in learning.

The Learning Model is a guide for teachers and students in implementing the teaching and learning process. In the model or learning method used, it must aim to improve the learning process or lecture. Therefore, this research will discuss what methods or models can be used to improve the quality of real analysis learning. The method used in this research is Systematic Literature Review (SLR).

The aim of this research is to determine the positive and significant influence of the Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) learning model on the PAK Learning Motivation and Characteristics of Class VIII Students of SMP Negeri 4 Tarutung, North Tapanuli Regency for the 2023/2024 academic year. The method used in this research is a quantitative method with inferential descriptive data analysis. The population is all 122 students of class VIII of SMP Negeri 4 Tarutung for the 2023/2024 academic year who are Protestant Christians and a sample of 49 people was determined using random sampling techniques. Data was collected using a closed questionnaire with 45 items, namely 21 questionnaire items for variable Class VIII of SMP Negeri 4 Tarutung for the 2023/2024 Academic Year, proven through the following data analysis: 1) Test analysis requirements: a) positive relationship test obtained by the value rxy = 0.561 > rtable(=0.05,n=49) = 0.281, so it is known that there is a positive relationship between variable significant difference between variable b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 31.5%. 3) Test the hypothesis using the F test to obtain Fcount > Ftable=(=0.05, dk numerator k=20, dk denominator=n-2=49-2=47) namely 21.59 > 1.51. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.

A method is a set of methods or methods used by teachers in learning so that students can achieve certain learning goals and skills. Many verses in the Al-Qur’an explain the use of methods in teaching. Some of them we find in Surah Ali Imran 159 and Al-Maidah 67. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a literature review. The purpose of this research is to determine the method of learning or teaching the Al-Qur'an. Based on the discussion, the teaching methods of the Al-Qur’an are (1) Hiwar, which is an alternating conversation between two or more parties through questions and answers regarding a topic leading to a goal, and (2) Tabligh, which is a systematic, orderly and measurable method used by preachers in presenting tabligh material to their audience.

Indonesian language subjects consist of several subjects that require students to be able to write, one of which is writing expository texts. The student participants had problems in writing material, especially writing expository texts, which was proven by the average score which was still not optimal. The formulation of the problem raised in this research is how the window shopping type cooperative learning model influences the ability to write expository texts of class X students at Budisatrya Medan Private High School. This research aims to determine the effect of the window shopping type cooperative learning model on the ability to write expository texts of class X students at Budisatrya Medan Private High School. This research is a type of quantitative research using experimental methods, a research method used to determine the effect of a treatment on the characteristics of the subjects studied. The data collection techniques used in this research were observation techniques, interview techniques and test techniques, with data sources consisting of 35 students. Based on data analysis, it can be concluded that: The window shopping type cooperative learning model has an influence on the ability to write expository texts in class This can be seen and proven by the average post-test results for the control class being 69.857 with the average post-test results for the experimental class being 85.

This research aims to analyze meta data related to real analysis lecture problems. This research uses the SLR (Systematic Literature Review) method. This systematic review identified 7 articles through the Google Scholar database published in 2019-2024. Data collection used the PRISMA procedure. The results of this research show that there are 3 research objectives related to the problems of real analysis lectures, namely: 1) to find out what factors influence students' learning difficulties during real analysis courses, 2) to find out students' reasoning abilities in real analysis courses, 3) to find out how much students know about the connection between real analysis and school mathematics.

Elementary schools with inclusive education programs pose challenges for principals and teachers in educational institutions. Inclusive education in elementary schools needs to receive more attention because elementary school students still need full attention from educators, along with the presence of students with special needs. Of course, achieving learning goals is not easy. The aim of this research is to observe and describe the phenomena that occur during the implementation of inclusive education in elementary schools. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method, analyzing the factors that support and hinder the implementation of inclusive education in elementary schools, thus concluding that teachers need to know more about the factors that support and hinder the implementation of inclusive education in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. The results of this research show that educational service institutions and the community must work together to provide appropriate services to students in general and children with special needs to improve the quality of educational services in schools.

This research aims to find and analyze the influence and ability of teachers to use IT learning media and teachers' ability to master the material on PAI learning achievement for Tahfidz Duta Aswaja Middle School students in 2024. This type of research uses quantitative research, with a sample of 30 students. The variables studied include the ability to use IT-based learning media, the ability to master IT-based material. Data collection method is through questionnaires, data analysis uses statistical analysis with multiple regression analysis. Based on the results of research at Tahfidz Duta Aswaja Middle School, it shows that: (1) The influence of the teacher's ability to use IT learning media on PAI learning achievement is not significant. This is because the significance value of X1 for Y is 0.944 > 0.05 and the t value is 0.072 < t table 2.052. (2) The influence of material mastery on PAI learning achievement is significant. This means that the significance value of X2 for Y is 0.02 < 0.05 and the t value is 3.340 > t table 2.052. (3) There is a significant influence between the teacher's ability to use IT learning media and mastery of the material on PAI learning achievement at Tahfidz Duta Aswaja Kudus Middle School. This is because there is one route, namely mastery of PAI material, which has a significant effect on PAI learning achievement at Tahfidz Duta Aswaja Kudus Middle School.

Language is an important skill that must be learned to be able to do daily activities and adapt to the environment. Visually impaired children are not exempt from this problem, considering that technology in this century is essential and everywhere due to its convenience to use and the usage of technology that simplifies activities. Activities that are being done include learning. It is important for individuals who will later interact and teach children who have visual impairments, to keep up with news about the effectiveness of learning, one of which is knowing the role of technology in language learning for visually impaired children. This article is made using the systematic literature review research method to find out the role of technology in language learning for visually impaired children, what technology can be used for language learning for visually impaired children, and its effectiveness in learning. The technology that has the ability to read PDF text, convert sounds in various languages, convert visual information into audio, and learn through audio greatly facilitates the learning of blind children, whether it is language learning or learning in general. Technology that facilitates blind learning has a good effect in general on the visually impaired children, such as the building of self-confidence for the visually impaired children due to the increased ability of the visually impaired children to learn to identify their environment, the ability to be independent, less dependence on others, and increased communication skills due to language learning that becomes more accessible.