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This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of using various learning strategies in improving the quality of learning in elementary schools. Learning strategies are an important component that teachers must prepare to create an effective, interesting learning process that is in accordance with the characteristics and needs of students. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation in several elementary schools. The results of the study indicate that the application of active, cooperative, contextual, and project-based learning strategies can significantly increase student participation, motivation, and learning outcomes. Teachers who are able to choose and adapt learning strategies according to the material and class conditions play an important role in creating a participatory and productive learning environment. In addition, teacher training and the use of discussion and interaction methods have been shown to improve the quality of learning management in the classroom. In conclusion, the effectiveness of learning strategies is greatly influenced by the ability of teachers to design and implement student-centered methods, as well as the support of a conducive learning environment. The implications of this study are expected to be a reference for teachers and schools in choosing and developing appropriate learning strategies to improve the quality of education in elementary schools    

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the scientific approach in improving Natural Sciences (IPA) learning outcomes among Elementary School students. The method used is a literature review with a descriptive qualitative approach by analyzing various scientific sources such as journal articles, books, and relevant research reports from the past five years. The findings indicate that the scientific approach has a positive impact on students' understanding of science concepts, critical thinking skills, as well as motivation and engagement in the learning process. This approach encourages students to actively participate in scientific processes through the stages of observing, questioning, experimenting, reasoning, and communicating. These stages help make learning more meaningful, contextual, and aligned with students’ cognitive development. However, its implementation still faces several challenges, such as limited facilities and infrastructure, constrained instructional time, and the lack of teacher training in applying this approach effectively. Therefore, support from various stakeholders—including schools, government, and the community—is needed to overcome these obstacles and enhance the quality of science education. Overall, the scientific approach is considered effective in creating interactive, reflective, and student-centered science learning at the Elementary School level.

Pasar Seni, also known as Central Market or Pasar Besar, is now one of the main tourist destinations in Kuala Lumpur and has made a significant contribution to Malaysia's creative economy sector. widely used as a reference in various countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the strategy for developing human resources. Data came from 38 traders and 2 managers of Pasar Seni. The research method used a qualitative approach with an exploratory case study design to understand the dynamics of Human Resource Development. The results of the study showed two main programs implemented: 1) a dynamic and integrated Training and Education Program, and 2) a Lifelong Learning Approach. The implementation of the learning approach faced several significant challenges, namely skepticism about the benefits of learning, low digital literacy among senior artists Based on the analysis of current conditions, the community service team proposed a comprehensive and integrative sustainable human resource development model "ARISE Model" as a framework for sustainable human resource development

This study analyzes digital media learning innovations in teaching aqidah and akhlak in the digital era. With the advancement of information technology, digital media has become an important tool to increase student engagement and understanding of aqidah values. The use of interactive media, such as animated films and multimedia applications, has proven effective in enriching the learning experience and increasing student motivation. Although there are challenges, such as lack of training for teachers and gaps in access to technology, a comprehensive strategy can help overcome these obstacles. The integration of digital literacy in aqidah education has also been identified as an important aspect to prepare students to face modern challenges. The results of the study indicate that the use of digital media not only supports the delivery of material but also contributes to the formation of student character. It is hoped that this study can be a reference for the development of more innovative and effective teaching methods in the context of aqidah and akhlak education.

Indonesia is a multicultural country facing serious challenges related to intolerance, social conflict, and identity polarization. This study aims to examine the strategic role of Civic Education as a means of strengthening national insight in building a tolerant society. Using a qualitative approach through literature review methods, this research analyzes various relevant sources on education, tolerance, and nationalism. The results show that Civic Education contributes to shaping students’ democratic character, inclusiveness, and appreciation of diversity. It not only transfers civic knowledge but also instills social skills and human values. However, challenges in implementation remain, such as cognitively-centered curricula and the negative influence of digital technology. Therefore, a contextual learning approach that emphasizes real-life experiences and active student participation is needed. The findings indicate the importance of synergy between schools, families, and communities in creating a conducive environment for nurturing tolerant attitudes. The implications of this research highlight the need to revitalize Civic Education as a key medium for building a peaceful, inclusive, and civilized nation amid complex social dynamics.

This study aims to examine the problem of the lack of implementation of experiment-based learning in Biology subjects at SMA Nahdlatul Ulama Padangsidimpuan. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach, with data collection through interviews with Biology teachers and literature studies. The results showed that limited laboratory facilities, lack of practicum tools and materials, and limited learning time allocation were the main obstacles in the implementation of practicum. Although teachers realize the importance of experimental activities in improving students' understanding and science process skills, structural support from schools is still very limited. In response to these obstacles, several alternatives such as the utilization of virtual laboratories, the use of experimental videos, and simple experiments based on local resources have been attempted. This research recommends strengthening educational policies that support practicum-based learning through the provision of adequate infrastructure, continuous training for teachers, and development of alternative learning media. Thus, Biology learning can be more effective in fostering students' scientific skills and critical thinking according to the demands of the 21st century.

This study was carried out to boost the learning enthusiasm of fifth-grade students at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Swasta Nurun Najah Olak Kemang, Kota Jambi. The method used was a Game-Based Learning model that was adjusted to suit the students’ needs, using the Kahoot app. The research followed a Classroom Action Research approach with two cycles, and each cycle included steps like planning, doing the activity, observing, and reflecting. To collect the data, the researcher used observation sheets, interviews, and documentation. The results showed a noticeable increase in how engaged the students were. In the beginning (pre-cycle), the average engagement was only 55.90%, and most students were not very active. After the first cycle, it went up to 61.45%, and by the second cycle, it jumped to 82.81%, with most students becoming active or even very active. Using Kahoot helped create a fun and interactive learning atmosphere, which made the students more eager to participate. So, using a game-based approach like this with Kahoot can be a good option to make elementary students more involved in learning.

This study explores the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model in Islamic Religious Education at Elementary School 13 Pulau Rimau, including its supporting and inhibiting factors. Using a qualitative descriptive case study, data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation involving teachers and students. The study found that effective implementation of PBL requires thorough planning involving syllabus, lesson plans, objectives, methods, media, and resources. The learning process follows five main PBL stages and assesses students' attitudes, knowledge, and skills. The research recommends teachers to improve and develop their use of PBL to enhance student-centered learning and ensure more meaningful educational experiences. 

Cybersecurity is continuously challenged by increasingly sophisticated and dynamic cyber-attacks, necessitating advanced adaptive defense mechanisms. Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has emerged as a promising approach, offering significant advantages over traditional intrusion detection methods through real-time adaptability and self-learning capabilities. This paper presents an advanced adaptive cybersecurity framework utilizing five prominent DRL algorithms: Deep Q-Network (DQN), Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), Twin Delayed DDPG (TD3), Soft Actor-Critic (SAC), and Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic (A3C). The effectiveness of these algorithms is evaluated within complex, realistic simulation environments using live-streaming data, emphasizing key metrics such as accuracy (AUC-ROC), response latency, and network throughput. Experimental results demonstrate that the SAC algorithm consistently achieves superior detection accuracy (95% AUC-ROC) and minimal disruption to network performance compared to other approaches. Additionally, A3C provides the fastest response times suitable for real-time defense scenarios. This comprehensive comparative analysis addresses critical research gaps by integrating both traditional and novel DRL techniques and validates their potential to substantially improve cybersecurity defense strategies in realistic operational settings.

The workshop on the preparation of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) questions at MI Islamiyah Palangka Raya aims to improve the competence of educators in designing problems that challenge students' high-level thinking skills. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a participatory approach, which involves interactive lectures, group discussions, hands-on practice in the preparation of questions, and integration of learning technologies. The results of the activity showed that participants gained a better understanding of the concept of HOTS, active learning strategies, and problem preparation techniques that can develop students' critical, creative, and analytical thinking skills. Practice sessions involving the creation of questions and presentation of the results provide an opportunity for teachers to share experiences and constructive feedback. In addition, the introduction of educational applications and digital media opens up new insights into the importance of technology in supporting the learning process. Despite the challenges in mastering technology, the enthusiasm of the participants to implement technology in their learning was very high. In conclusion, this workshop makes a positive contribution to improving the professional competence of teachers, and to ensure the sustainability of the workshop results, follow-up is needed in the form of further training and support from the school.

This study aims to develop an effective classroom teaching model using the SQ3R knowledge differentiation method and to test the validity of the product as well as the benefits of the model. The method used in this research is research and development (F&E) that follows the Borg & Gall model consisting of 10 steps, which includes the first trial, corrections based on the trial results, field test, and survey and distribution of the product to support education in schools. In the development stage, the products were tested for validity and effectiveness. The results showed that validation from experts obtained an average score of 9.7 with the category “very valid.” In addition, the 1-1 trial resulted in an average score of 93.63% for the learning model, 102% for the material aspect, 98% for practicality, and 96% for benefits. All aspects were categorized as “very interesting,” “very easy,” and “very useful.” Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the Flipped Classroom learning model with the SQ3R differentiation method is proven effective in improving critical thinking skills of grade IV students in science subjects at SDN Klenang Lor 1. This model is also very feasible to be applied in science learning and has the potential to be adapted and applied to other subjects at the elementary school level.

Teachers are one of the important elements in education in organizing educational achievements as mandated by the Constitution. Education as a conscious and planned effort to realize the learning process in order to develop potentials certainly requires teachers as facilitators and even the main component of the education process itself. The existence of teachers is also inseparable from the government's policy space. Qualitative research methods with descriptive analysis techniques aim to describe and summarize the phenomena studied through data collection from various sources, such as interviews, observations, and literature reviews. The policy of appointing honorary teachers to become ASN through the P3K scheme is basically a positive step that provides hope and recognition for educators who have served for a long time.

Education plays a strategic role in improving the quality of human resources. In this context, teachers serve as central figures who determine the success of the learning process. Teacher professionalism is one of the key indicators in establishing a high-quality education system. This article aims to analyze the role of educational policy in supporting the development of teacher professional quality in Indonesia. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a literature study approach, utilizing secondary data sources from scientific articles and journals published between 2020 and 2025, accessed through Google Scholar. The results indicate that educational policies in Indonesia have provided a strong legal and regulatory foundation for the development of teacher professionalism, such as Law Number 14 of 2005 and its derivative regulations. These policies regulate qualifications, competencies, certification, and budget support for teachers. In conclusion, educational policy plays a vital role in improving teacher quality through a structured and sustainable system.    

This study explores the vital role of families in shaping social values among children and adolescents within the increasingly dominant digital environment. Digital technology has transformed communication patterns and modes of cultural transmission, presenting new challenges for families in instilling core values while navigating technological influences. Using a qualitative case study approach, this research involved 15 Indonesian families from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. Data collection methods included in-depth interviews, observations, and media diaries to understand the dynamics of value transmission in digital contexts.The findings reveal that family communication patterns—whether conversation-oriented, conformity-oriented, or laissez-faire—significantly influence children’s internalization of values. Effective strategies identified include parental digital co-learning, value-based guidance, and the promotion of critical media literacy. Major challenges include value conflicts between family teachings and digital culture, concerns over cultural preservation, and competition for children’s attention due to immersive technology.Nevertheless, the study also found that families can strategically leverage technology to reinforce values through careful media selection, engagement in meaningful digital activities, and fostering intergenerational connections. In conclusion, while families remain crucial socializing agents, the successful transmission of values requires thoughtful adaptation of traditional practices to meet the realities of the digital age.

This study aims to determine the effect of the collaborative learning model on student learning outcomes. The research method used is quantitative with a pre-experimental design research type in the form of one-group pretest-posttest. The population of all 9th grade students is 62 people and a sample of 31 people through purposive sampling. The instrument in the form of a test question consists of 20 items. The results of the data analysis show that there is a positive and significant effect of the Collaborative Learning PAK and Budi Pekerti learning model on the Learning Outcomes of Class IX students, as evidenced by the tcount> ttable value, namely 14.226> 2.042. It is concluded that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted.

In today’s global economy, accurately predicting foreign exchange rates or estimating their trends correctly is crucial for informed investment decisions. Despite the success of standalone models like ARIMA and deep learning models like LSTM, challenges persist in capturing both linear and nonlinear dynamics in highly volatile exchange rate environments. Motivated by the limitations of these individual models and the need for more robust forecasting tools, this study proposes a hybrid ARIMA-LSTM model that integrates ARIMA’s strength in modeling linear trends with LSTM’s capability to capture nonlinear dependencies, using historical USD/NGN exchange rate data from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) spanning 2001 to 2024. The research hypothesis posits that the hybrid ARIMA-LSTM model will significantly outperform standalone models in forecasting accuracy. By comparing these models against state-of-the-art approaches, the study highlights the advantages of hybridizing statistical and deep learning methods. The findings demonstrate that the hybrid model achieved the lowest Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 2.216 and the highest R² of 0.998, indicating superior forecasting performance. This study fills a critical research gap by demonstrating the effectiveness of hybrid deep learning in financial time series forecasting, providing valuable insights for investors, policymakers, and financial analysts. Future research will extend this work by incorporating the latest dataset and evaluating model robustness during the recent surge in the Naira/Dollar exchange rate from 2023 to 2024.

The study aims to determine whether the educational crossword puzzle game can create, build, and change students' learning motivation and the learning process in class VIII of SMP Negeri 1 Satu Atap Tampahan. The research method used is quantitative with a pre-experimental design type in the form of One group pretest-posttest. The population of all classes VIII is 90 people and a sample of 31 people using purposive sampling. The closed questionnaire instrument consists of 20 items. The results of the data analysis show that there is an influence of the educational game method used by the teacher on students' learning motivation, as evidenced by the significant test obtained a value of t count> t table, namely 6.669> 2.042, it is concluded that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted.

This study aims to explore the implementation of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) in Islamic education and its impact on students' social awareness. Project-Based Learning, which integrates active and collaborative learning, allows students to engage in projects that embody social values and Islamic teachings, such as empathy, justice, and social responsibility. Using a qualitative research method based on literature review, this study analyzes various literatures related to PjBL, Islamic education, and students' social character. The findings indicate that the implementation of PjBL can enhance students' social awareness by involving them in activities focusing on real-world social issues and linking them to Islamic principles. This method not only develops students' social skills but also strengthens their character in the context of Islamic values.

This study aims to analyze the influence of new students' adaptation to learning methods on campus, especially in sports study programs, and its implications for students' mental and physical health. This study uses a qualitative approach with observation and interview methods with seven female students of the Faculty of Sports, State University of Medan. The results of the study indicate that students experience high academic pressure due to the KKNI-based learning method and the block system, which has an impact on increasing stress levels, physical fatigue, and difficulties in managing study time between theory and practice. The implications of this study are relevant in developing student-friendly learning policies in order to maintain a balance between academic demands and their mental and physical health.    

Menarche is the first menstruation which usually occurs between the ages of 10-16 years. The arrival of the first menstruation makes teenagers feel unprepared and unable to face menarche due to a lack of knowledge and practice during menstruation. So in this case health education using the LAICEF method is needed. This research aims to determine the effect of health education using the LAICEF method on the readiness and ability to face menarche in grade 5 and 6 female students at Wangkal II Elementary School. This research is a pre-experimental design with a one-group pre-post test approach. The population was 25 female respondents from Wangkal II Elementary School, the 25 samples studied were taken using Total Sampling. The instrument used questionnaire through a process of editing, coding, scoring and tabulating. The data obtained from this research was analyzed using the Wilcoxon Test. The results of this research showed readiness and ability to face menarche during pre-post. The majority of respondents showing readiness results in the pretest were in the poor category, as many as 14 respondents (56%). In the post test data, the majority in the sufficient category were 12 respondents (48%). Meanwhile, the majority of abilities in the pretest were in the poor category, 17 respondents (68%). The majority of post test data were in the sufficient category, 16 respondents (64%). The results of the Wilcoxon test obtained a p value: 0.000 <0.05. This shows that there is an influence of health education using the PAIKEM method on the readiness and ability to face menarche in grade 5 and 6 female students at Wangkal II Public Elementary School. Health education using the LAICEF method can develop female students' innovation and creativity so that providing education on readiness and ability to face menarche can be effective and enjoyable for female students, and female students are not burdened by ongoing learning.