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This article aims to understand how cultural expressions of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) are inculturated in the liturgy of the Catholic Church as a manifestation of a dynamic encounter between Christian faith and local culture. The research method used is qualitative with a desk observation approach, which involves an in-depth study of Church documents, biblical texts, and practices of contextual liturgical analysis in various regions of NTT. The main results of the study indicate that the process of cultural inculturation in the liturgy in NTT not only enriches the forms of expression of the faith of the people, but also deepens the meaning and experience of the liturgy as a space for authentic theological dialogue between the Gospel message and local cultural heritage. Furthermore, this inculturation emphasizes the relevance of faith in the socio-cultural context, where local elements such as music, dance, clothing, and symbolism are brought to life to reveal the mystery of Christ more contextually. The theological and pastoral implications of these findings are that the Catholic Church in Indonesia, particularly in NTT, is a living, contextual, and relevant witness to the faith, demonstrating that the Gospel can be firmly embedded in the local land and culture, while strengthening the religious identity of the people amidst cultural plurality.

This study aims to analyze the bread production system of UMKM Roti D’One using the Input–Process–Output (IPO) approach and to identify product defects through the application of the Seven Tools of quality control. Data were obtained through interviews, field observations, and production recording. The IPO analysis shows that the production process is carried out manually and relies heavily on worker skills and household-scale equipment. Based on the checksheet, two dominant types of defects were identified—non-soft texture and uneven color—resulting in 30 defective products out of 1,400 breads produced in one week. The Pareto analysis indicates that texture defects contribute the largest portion (56.7%) of total defects. Meanwhile, the fishbone diagram reveals that the main causes originate from raw material inconsistency, equipment limitations, variations in worker skills, and manual production methods. This study suggests improvements related to raw material standards, production consistency, and worker training to reduce defects and enhance the overall quality of Roti D’One products.

The rapid expansion of e-commerce in Indonesia has resulted in a significant rise in the number of customer reviews, which serve as a valuable source of insight for understanding consumer satisfaction. This study aims to classify or identify sentiments from product reviews on the Tokopedia platform into three categories, using the Support Vector Machine algorithm. The classification method data were ethically collected through web scraping and include review text, ratings, and the number of “likes.”  The preprocessing stage involved several NLP techniques such as pre-procesesing data representation was generated using the Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency method, while the issue of class imbalance was addressed using the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique.  Based on the test results, the SVM model achieved an accuracy of 79.48% on the test data using a linear kernel, showing the best performance in classifying positive sentiments. However, the classification of neutral and negative sentiments still requires improvement. This study demonstrates that the combination of the TF-IDF method, additional numerical features, and data balancing techniques can produce an an efficient sentiment analysis model within the e-commerce domain.

The development of modern scientific knowledge, which tends to be secular, has created a dichotomy between religious sciences and general sciences within Islamic education systems. This condition has encouraged the emergence of the idea of the Islamization of knowledge as an effort to restore knowledge to a tawhidic framework. This study aims to examine how the concept of the Islamization of knowledge is represented in Ahmad Tafsir’s book Filsafat Pendidikan Islami. This research employs a qualitative library study using content analysis and a philosophical approach to both the primary text and supporting literature. The findings show that although Ahmad Tafsir does not explicitly use the term “Islamization of knowledge,” the idea is strongly reflected in his construction of epistemology, his concept of the human person, the curriculum, and the educational processes he proposes. At the epistemological level, Tafsir positions revelation as the highest source of value that guides reason and experience, aligning with the principles of the Islamization of knowledge that reject secularist assumptions in the development of knowledge. In the domain of curriculum and educational design, the integration of religious sciences and modern sciences becomes a foundational principle that eliminates the dichotomy of knowledge and emphasizes a tawhidic orientation. The educational process is understood as a space for value internalization, character formation, and moral exemplarity, uniting knowledge with ethics. This study concludes that Ahmad Tafsir’s thought provides an important contribution to the development of an integrative Islamic educational paradigm rooted in tawhid while remaining responsive to the dynamics of modern scientific knowledge.

Introduction: Incidental findings often occur on periapical radiographs may occur due to the increasing use of periapical radiographs for supporting examinations and the increasing resolution of radiographs. Purpose: To explain about efficiency of periapical radiographs for detecting supernumerary paramolar teeth. Research Methods and Results: This Literature Review is designed to provide an overview of sources that have been searched when researching the topic related to the efficiency of periapical radiographs for detecting supernumerary paramolar teeth. Article searches were conducted on Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct using predetermined keywords, namely periapical radiograph, parapremolar, and supernumerary teeth. This literature review uses literature published in 2015–2025 which can be accessed in full text in pdf format. Discussion: Clinical assessment and radiological examination are needed for the diagnosis of supernumerary paramolar teeth. The location of supernumerary teeth from radiographs is an important diagnostic complement for clinical assessment, diagnosis, and treatment planning. Conclusion: Dentists often prefer periapical radiography over panoramic radiography to evaluate oral health, especially in children, due to the low dental X-ray exposure. In many cases, patients only require periapical radiography focused on the teeth. This highlights the strong need for intelligent diagnostic techniques to improve the accuracy and efficiency of periapical radiographic analysis.

This study aims to analyze quality control at the Lekkerz Enakk business in Bogor branch using three statistical tools, namely Checksheet, Pareto Diagram, and Fishbone. Data collection was conducted through interviews with the owner, admin, and employees, as well as direct observation at the nearest branch location regarding the production process. Based on the results of the observation, three defects were found that frequently occurred during the production process within a period of seven days with the most dominant lekker product damage being a non-crispy texture (42%), and non-uniform color (27%). Based on the fishbone analysis, these defects were caused by Man (human), Machine (machine) factors. The implications of this study indicate that it is necessary to improve operational standards, workforce training, and supervision of raw materials and production equipment to maintain the quality and efficiency of the lekker production process at the Lekkerz Enakk business in Bogor.

This study aims to examine the relationship between text and melody in Bamboo Flute Music in Depati VII District. This research is qualitative with a descriptive content analysis approach. The research object is Bamboo Flute Music, with data collected through literature study, observation, interviews, and documentation. The research analyzed the data by examining the form, melody, and the relationship between text and melody in the song "Bungo di Laman". The results show that there are 10 kinds of rhythmic forms in this song, both of which are the development of previous forms and new formations. The flute melody in the tale "Bungo di Laman" is dominated by ascending melodic movement, where the melody tends to rise to a higher pitch. The descending movement in the flute melody is only used as a bridge to the next ascending movement. The same applies to the vocal melody in the tale, where the ascending movement is dominant and the descending movement only serves as a bridge. The pronunciation style of the story "Bungo di Laman" is predominantly syllabic, with 316 syllables pronounced syllabically.

This study aims to analyze user sentiment toward the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in online learning platforms, which are increasingly expanding in the digital era. With the growing use of AI technologies in education—such as learning chatbots, material recommendation systems, and automated assessments—it is essential to understand users’ perceptions and reactions to these implementations. The research employs sentiment analysis based on text mining using user review data collected from various online learning platforms. The analysis process includes data preprocessing, sentiment classification using machine learning algorithms, and interpretation of results based on the proportion of positive, negative, and neutral sentiments. The findings indicate that most users express positive sentiments toward AI integration, as it enhances learning efficiency and personalization. However, some users raise concerns regarding data privacy and the lack of human interaction. This study is expected to serve as a reference for educational platform developers to design AI systems that are more adaptive, transparent, and user-centered

Rapid advances in Information Technology (IT) in the 21st century have significantly transformed educational practices, particularly in vocational high schools (SMK) specializing in Software Engineering (RPL). Traditional learning media, such as textbooks, static slides, and lectures, often fail to provide an interactive learning experience, limiting students’ engagement and reducing the effectiveness of knowledge retention. To overcome this challenge, this study focuses on developing and validating an interactive quiz application called VOCANETIC, designed as an innovative learning aid for SMK RPL students. The research uses a Research and Development (R&D) approach, emphasizing the stages of product development, expert validation, and feasibility assessment. VOCANETIC is developed using VB.NET in the Microsoft Visual Studio environment, and MySQL is employed for efficient data management and storage. The application features interactive quizzes, real-time feedback, and user-friendly interfaces to enhance student engagement and motivation. Based on evaluation and analysis by expert validators, VOCANETIC meets the “Proper” feasibility criteria, demonstrating usability, interactivity, and educational effectiveness. The results indicate that VOCANETIC is capable of supporting active learning, improving students’ understanding of software engineering concepts, and providing an effective platform for self-assessment and practice. In conclusion, the VOCANETIC application is proven to be a valid, reliable, and practical tool that can be implemented as an interactive learning medium in SMK RPL, offering an innovative approach to facilitate student learning and engagement in the digital era.                                                              

This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis comparing the legal mechanisms of constitutional amendment in Indonesia and South Africa. The research employs a normative juridical method with a comparative law approach. Primary data is sourced from the authoritative texts of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD 1945) and the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. Data analysis is conducted qualitatively using content analysis techniques on provisions related to constitutional amendments in both supreme legal documents. The research findings reveal fundamental differences in the constitutional amendment paradigms of both countries. First, Indonesia adopts a rigid amendment system implemented by the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) with very strict quorum and approval requirements. Second, South Africa adopts a more flexible and differentiated system, where Parliament acts as the constituent authority, with varying approval levels depending on the substance of the amended provisions ranging from simple majority to two-thirds, and even involving the Provincial Council for certain matters. Third, despite different approaches, both countries affirm the principle of constitutional supremacy. These mechanistic differences reflect Indonesia's strategic choice to prioritize consensus and constitutional stability, while South Africa emphasizes constitutional adaptability and responsiveness to socio-political developments.

Instagram has become one of the most influential digital platforms for the construction and dissemination of lifestyle meanings, particularly through the presence of social media influencers. Among various lifestyle narratives, luxury is one of the most dominant and ideologically loaded representations circulated by influencers. This study examines how luxury is represented, constructed, and naturalized in the Instagram content of female Indonesian influencers using Roland Barthes’ semiotic framework. The object of this research consists of visual and textual Instagram posts that display luxury-related lifestyles, including fashion, travel, leisure, and consumption practices. The main problem addressed in this study concerns how signs of luxury operate at the levels of denotation, connotation, and myth to shape audience perceptions of success, femininity, and social status. The objective of this research is to reveal the ideological meanings embedded in influencer content and to explain how luxury is transformed into a normalized and desirable lifestyle. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method with semiotic analysis. Data were collected through purposive sampling of Instagram posts from selected female Indonesian influencers with significant follower engagement. The findings show that luxury is represented not merely through high-priced commodities but through symbolic systems involving aesthetics, body presentation, spatial settings, and narrative captions. At the mythological level, luxury is naturalized as the result of personal effort, self-discipline, and modern femininity, thereby obscuring structural inequalities and reinforcing consumerist ideology. This study concludes that Instagram influencers function as cultural agents who reproduce dominant myths of success and luxury in digital culture.

This study aims to analyze the representation of hegemony in the film Kupu-Kupu Kertas using Antonio Gramsci’s hegemony theory and a literary sociology approach. As a medium of mass communication, film not only conveys stories but also produces and reproduces cultural values, ideologies, and power structures that operate subtly within society. Set against the historical backdrop of 1965, the film portrays ideological clashes between NU/Ansor and the PKI, which affect not only political spheres but also everyday culture, social relations, and moral dynamics that shape the collective consciousness of Javanese society. This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through content analysis of the film using an observation–note technique to identify scenes, dialogues, and visual symbols related to culture, hegemony, and ideology. The analysis focuses on revealing how dominant values are constructed and negotiated through the representation of characters, narratives, and social traditions portrayed in the film. In conclusion, Kupu-Kupu Kertas not only documents the political tragedy of 1965 but also demonstrates that hegemony operates through subtle mechanisms embedded in culture, morality, and patterns of thought. This study affirms the relevance of Gramsci’s theory in examining literary works and films as social texts that practice power while also opening space for understanding individual resistance to ideological domination.

This study explores the role of English in supporting the academic and professional development of management students, based on the lecturer’s reflections as both lecturer and researcher. As English becomes increasingly important in global education and employment, many students are required to read academic materials, complete assignments, and communicate using English. This study focuses on how English for Specific Purposes (ESP), especially Business English, helps students build discipline-related skills and prepare for real workplace communication. Using an autoethnographic approach, the researcher collected data from self-interviews, reflective teaching journals, and informal student feedback over one semester. Thematic analysis was used to identify patterns in the lecturer’s experiences and observations. The findings show that English supports students’ academic growth by helping them understand textbooks, research articles, and business case studies. Students gained confidence in reading and presenting academic information after completing guided tasks. The results also indicate that ESP based on activities such as email writing, meeting simulations, and presentations strengthened students’ employability skills. These tasks helped students feel more prepared for internships and early career responsibilities. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of reflective teaching. By analyzing classroom challenges and student needs, the lecturer was able to improve teaching strategies, select more authentic materials, and provide better support for learners. This research shows that integrating ESP with employability goals can create meaningful learning experiences for management students. When English teaching is connected to real professional contexts, students develop both language proficiency and practical communication skills. The study also encourages lecturers to use reflection as a tool to enhance teaching quality and better support students’ academic and career preparation.

Palembang City has emerged as a hub for culinary and cultural tourism, particularly through traditional cuisine and the production of songket and jumputan textiles, as part of efforts to stimulate local economic development. This study aims to examine the role of cultural tourism and traditional craftsmanship in supporting local economic growth and cultural sustainability. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, documentation, and questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, encompassing data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that cultural tourism and traditional textile industries generate positive economic impacts for local business actors, especially micro and small enterprises engaged in culinary and handicraft activities. In addition to economic benefits, cultural tourism contributes significantly to the preservation of local cultural values by encouraging active participation from artisans and entrepreneurs in maintaining the authenticity of traditional products. Overall, cultural tourism exhibits strong strategic potential as a dual mechanism for fostering local economic development and ensuring sustainable cultural preservation. These results provide important insights for policymakers in designing integrated tourism-based development strategies that balance economic growth with cultural conservation.

The death penalty remains a topic of ongoing debate from legal, moral, and religious perspectives. In Indonesia, the death penalty is still applied for certain serious crimes; however, its implementation is questioned because it is considered to conflict with the fundamental human right to life. From the perspective of Christian ethics, this issue becomes more complex as it relates to the understanding of life as a gift from God and the principles of justice and forgiveness. The Old Testament contains provisions for the death penalty as a means of upholding law and maintaining the holiness of the community, while the New Testament emphasizes love, restoration, and the opportunity for repentance through the example of Jesus Christ. This study aims to analyze how Christian ethics views the death penalty by examining the balance between justice and forgiveness as taught in Scripture. The method used in this research is literature review and conceptual analysis of biblical texts and theological sources. The findings indicate that Christian ethics does not merely reject or accept the death penalty, but directs toward an understanding of justice that restores human dignity. This perspective is expected to serve as an ethical consideration in responding to the application of the death penalty in modern society.

The rapid development of digital technology demands that literature learning in junior secondary schools be delivered in a more interactive and student–relevant manner. However, classroom practices remain dominated by lecture-based instruction, resulting in low student engagement and limited appreciation of literary texts. This study aims to describe the use of digital media in teaching fiction and nonfiction texts in Grade VII, as well as to explore students’ experiences and challenges during project based learning activities. Employing a qualitative descriptive design, the study involved Grade VII students and a Bahasa Indonesia teacher. Data were collected through classroom observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation of students’ digital project outputs. Data were analyzed through reduction, display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that integrating digital media with Project Based Learning enhances student engagement through text analysis, group discussions, and digital project creation. Learning also becomes more inclusive through ability-based grouping and more meaningful when materials are connected to students’ local cultural contexts. The study concludes that digital media combined with PBL strengthens students’ literary literacy and learning motivation. The implications suggest that teachers need to develop stronger digital pedagogical competencies and schools should provide adequate technological support.

This study aims to analyze the representation of women in beauty product advertisements on social media, focusing on the Nivea Care & Protect Body Serum advertisement. Beauty advertisements often depict women within specific social constructions related to beauty standards, gender roles, and power relations. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using Sara Mills’ Critical Discourse Analysis, which emphasizes the position of subject (speaker) and object (spoken of) as well as how women are positioned in texts and visuals. Data were collected through documentation of Nivea Indonesia’s official social media posts. The results show that the advertisement not only reproduces the ideal beauty standard identified with fair and well-maintained skin but also positions women as both subjects and objects of consumption. It concludes that while there are efforts toward empowerment, the advertisement still reinforces dominant discourses that strengthen gender stereotypes in the beauty industry.

This study examines the convergence between classical Islamic philosophy and contemporary digital theory, emphasizing how foundational Islamic concepts can respond to social fragmentation in post-digital Muslim societies. As digital technologies increasingly mediate religious learning, identity formation, and communal interaction, Muslim communities face growing challenges, including the weakening of social bonds and the decentralization of religious authority. Online platforms encourage individualized interpretations of faith and pluralistic expressions of religiosity, which, while expanding participation, often contribute to fragmented identities and diminished communal cohesion.Drawing upon core classical concepts such as ummah (community), akhlaq (ethics), and asabiyya (social solidarity), this research argues that Islamic intellectual heritage offers a normative framework capable of addressing these disruptions. These concepts underscore collective responsibility, moral discipline, and the cultivation of shared values as the foundation of a stable and just society. Using a qualitative approach grounded in textual analysis of classical Islamic scholarship and contemporary digital sociology, the study recontextualizes these principles within present-day digital environments.The findings suggest that adapting traditional values to online engagement can strengthen ethical conduct, mutual accountability, and constructive dialogue in virtual spaces. The notion of a “cyber ummah” further illustrates how transnational digital networks may foster solidarity across geographic and ideological boundaries. Ultimately, this study affirms the continuing relevance of classical Islamic philosophy in guiding the development of an inclusive, morally grounded, and socially cohesive digital society.

This study aims to analyze the formative influence of pre-Buddhist Indian culture on the development of social values within early Buddhist society. Prior to the emergence of Buddhism in the 6th century BCE, Indian civilization had already evolved a complex cultural and philosophical landscape characterized by the varṇa (caste) hierarchy, Vedic ritualism, and the metaphysical doctrines of the Upaniṣads concerning karma, saṃsāra, and mokṣa. Employing a qualitative library research method, this study draws on secondary historical and sociological literature as well as primary Buddhist scriptures from the Sutta Pitaka (Pali Text Society edition). The analysis identifies three major cultural elements Brahmanical ritualism, the doctrine of rebirth and moral causation, and the śramaṇa ascetic movements that provided both the context and the dialectical counterpoint to the rise of Buddhism. The findings reveal that the Buddha’s teaching emerged as a moral and philosophical critique of the Vedic worldview, rejecting hereditary privilege and ritual exclusivity in favor of ethical conduct (sīla), mental cultivation (bhāvanā), and compassionate social responsibility (mettā–karuṇā). Through this transformation, Buddhism redefined human worth based on moral action (kamma), rather than lineage or social status, thus creating an egalitarian and ethically grounded social order. Understanding the pre-Buddhist cultural background offers deeper insight into the sociological, philosophical, and ethical dimensions of early Buddhist thought and highlights its continuing relevance for contemporary discussions on social justice, equality, and interreligious harmony.

This study examines the biblical approach to the truth and inspiration of the Word of God in critical dialogue with Progressive Christian Theology (PCT). Using a qualitative-descriptive method and comparative biblical-theological analysis, the research explores the fundamental differences, points of convergence, and potential integration between the two approaches. PCT emphasizes the importance of socio-cultural context, moral development, and human experience in understanding faith. In contrast, biblical theology affirms the authority and unchanging nature of the Word of God as the foundation of absolute truth that undergirds church doctrine and practice. The findings indicate an urgent need to formulate a balanced synthesis between fidelity to the biblical text and sensitivity to contemporary cultural changes. This integrative approach is not intended to weaken the authority of Scripture but to enrich theological understanding so that it becomes more relevant to modern contexts without neglecting divine truth. This synthesis ultimately produces a model of church growth that is contextual, Scripture-centered, and capable of balancing love and truth in addressing contemporary theological, social, and ethical challenges. The model bears significant implications for shaping congregational spirituality, developing pastoral ministry, and guiding the church’s mission amid increasingly complex cultural shifts.