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The interest rate in the Iraqi economy represents an active and important element in the management of monetary policy in the Iraqi economy, as it is used by the monetary authority represented by the Central Bank of Iraq to influence the money supply, as well as the impact of this also by allocating the available resources for savings among foreign investments to achieve the central goal of the monetary authority of achieving stability in prices such as the interest rate and various prices and values of investments together and thus achieve balance at the economic and financial levels. This research analyzes the relationship between interest rate changes (IRC) and foreign direct investment (FDI) in the Iraqi economy during the period from (2004-2023). Multiple analytical tools were used, including descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, time series analysis, and prediction models using ARIMA and Prophet. The results showed an association between the two variables under consideration, with the ability of the ARIMA and Prophet models to provide accurate forecasts of future   FDI trends. A quantitative methodology that includes descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, time series models, and forecasting tools has been adopted to clarify the relationship between the two variables and draw conclusions that support economic decision-making.

Leadership has a very important role in determining the success of an organization, especially in the context of Islam which makes the Qur'an and Hadith as the main guidelines. This research aims to explore the concept of Islamic leadership, the ideal characteristics of a leader, and its implications for the life of the people. Using descriptive qualitative method based on literature review, this research analyzes leadership values reflected in Islamic teachings. The results show that Islamic leadership emphasizes the characteristics of Shiddiq (honest), Amanah (trustworthy), Tabligh (conveying the truth), and Fathanah (intelligent), which are the main characteristics of the Prophet Muhammad. In addition, Islamic leadership combines elements of jihad, which is the struggle to obey Allah, and ijtihad, which is the ability to solve the problems of the people based on Islamic values. Effective leadership is not only oriented towards worldly success but also prepares people for the afterlife through justice, high morality, and good organizational management. In conclusion, Islamic leadership offers a holistic approach that integrates spiritual, moral, and social aspects to create a just, prosperous, and blessed society. The findings are expected to be a reference for leaders in implementing Islamic values in various fields, both in the context of organizations and state life.

Character education plays a central role in shaping individuals with morality, integrity, and the ability to face contemporary challenges. From the perspective of hadith, character education emphasizes values such as honesty, patience, compassion, and responsibility as life guidelines. However, in the modern era, various challenges such as the influence of social media, value globalization, and digital inequality often hinder the ideal formation of character among the younger generation. This study aims to explore the urgency of character education based on the hadith of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), identify the primary issues in its implementation, and offer solutions relevant to the challenges of modern education. The identified problems include shifts in moral values due to technology, a lack of integration of character values into curricula, and insufficient synergy between schools, families, and communities. his research employs a qualitative method using a literature review approach, analyzing relevant hadiths and contemporary character education theories. The findings indicate that effective solutions include integrating character values into the curriculum, adopting role-model-based teaching approaches, and utilizing technology to support innovative character education. Through these strategies, character education from the perspective of hadith can be effectively implemented to shape individuals with noble character, adaptability, and relevance to modern-era challenges.  

The research used is the library research method. The primary data sources in this study are hadiths about wearing sandals when praying, including the Sahih Bukhari Book, the Sahih Muslim Book, the Sunan Abu Daud Book, the Sunan Tirmidzi Book, the Musnad Ahmad bin Hambal, etc. The results of the studyHadith of wearing sandals when praying In this classification, the hadiths have the same wording and meaning, namely the statement of the Prophet praying using sandals. Hadith of not wearing sandals when praying In this classification of hadith, the Prophet took off his sandals during congregational prayers when the conquest of the city of Mecca and the actions of the Prophet were followed by his companions, and the reason the Prophet took off his sandals was because the Angel Gabriel told him that there was dirt on the Prophet's sandals. And it is explained in the sound of the hadith from another path, by rubbing the sandals on the ground in an effort to clean the sandals from dirt. And when taking off sandals it is advisable to prioritize the comfort of others. In terms of wording, the Prophet stated that he prayed with sandals and sometimes not. As for the prophet's editorial to differentiate (differentiate) between Muslims and Jews, the Prophet ordered to wear sandals when praying. In historical, sociological and anthropological context. The space and time when the Messenger of Allah performed or recited the hadith of wearing sandals when praying, in the early period of Islam there were not so many mosque buildings built and still had pedestals, so the Messenger of Allah gave concessions (rukhsah) on the face of this earth to create a mosque that could be used as a place of prayer. So it is possible to wear a khuf or na'lun when praying with the condition that it must be pure from the major and minor hadas. If we look at modern times, mosques have been built with ceramic or floor coverings.

The abstract is written in one paragraph with a single space (maximum 200 words), without any reference or formul This article discusses the growth and development of Islamic educational institutions from classical to modern times inseparable from the history of the mosque as an early institution in classical Islamic education. As the first institution built to educate the people after hijrah to Medina, the prophet made the mosque the main basis for the birth of civil civilization. The mosque not only functions as a place of worship but also serves social, cultural, political and security functions. It was in this mosque that religious education in its most basic form was given and developed into a center for the study of various Islamic sciences with teachers from the main companions with a halaqah teaching system that developed until now in modern Islamic boarding schools. The rapid development of the times resulted in the mosque transforming into a madrasa and resulted in the function of the mosque being reduced to a place of worship alone. Efforts to restore the function and role of the mosque as the center of civilization in modern times are again rife with the hope that a new civilization will emerge based on the mosque.

In the Islamic perspective, leadership is a mandate and responsibility that must be held accountable in front of those who are led and Allah SWT. Leadership responsibilities in Islam are not only horizontal between fellow humans, but also vertical to Allah SWT. The purpose of this research is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the concept of leadership in Islam by analyzing various verses of the Qur'an and relevant hadith. This research is included in the category of library research, because it analyzes documents and sources of information related to what is being researched. While the method used is a comparative method, which is a method that compares various data, theories, or concepts from different sources to find relevant equations, differences, or patterns. From the results of this study, it can be explained that the concept of leadership in Islam based on the Qur'an includes three main principles: humans as caliphs, the principle of faith, and ulil amri. Meanwhile, the concept of leadership in the Prophet's hadith describes various characteristics that a leader must have, including leadership spirit, professionalism, ability to carry out duties, conformity with the aspirations of the people, and involvement in deliberation.

Islam Nusantara is an Islamic concept that integrates Islamic teachings with the local wisdom of the archipelago, offering a moderate, tolerant, and contextual approach. This concept is rooted in the long history of Islamic acculturation with local culture through peaceful channels, arts, and traditions. As a model of thought, Islam Nusantara emphasises the universality of Islam applied according to the local socio-cultural context, prioritising the values of moderation (wasathiyah), interfaith tolerance, and respect for tradition. In religious praxis, Islam Nusantara includes traditions such as tahlilan, slametan, and the Prophet's maulid, which serve as a means of da'wah and strengthening social solidarity. However, challenges such as globalisation and misunderstanding of the concept require a strategic response to keep Islam Nusantara relevant. As a model of thought and practice, Islam Nusantara reflects the flexibility of Islam in dealing with modern dynamics without losing its principles of universality. With an inclusive approach, Islam Nusantara has the potential to inspire Muslim communities around the world to integrate Islamic teachings with local culture in harmony.

This study aims to examine in depth the views of Afrizal Nur in his book Tafsir Al-Mishbâh̲ in Sorotan which assesses that M. Quraish Shihab has a strong affiliation with the Shia school. The author uses the theory of hermeneutics of objectivity, where the interpretation of the text is understood based on the author's intent, not the subjective conclusions of the interpreter. The findings of this study indicate that although M. Quraish Shihab cites Shia sources of interpretation, he remains objective in processing the references. The analysis proves that some of M. Quraish Shihab's views in Tafsir Al-Mishbâh̲ often contradict Shia figures, such as Thabathaba'i in Tafsir al-Mîzân. This study also discusses the main issues highlighted by Afrizal Nur, including the glorification of Fatimah R.A., the successor of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, to the concepts of Ahl al-Bait, ismah, and taqiyyah. With the maudhû’i interpretation model and qualitative approach, this study successfully explains that Afrizal Nur’s view is not entirely objective in assessing the Tafsir Al-Mishbâh̲. Through concrete examples of verses and themes of interpretation, this study strengthens the argument that M. Quraish Shihab maintains the scientificity of his interpretation without supporting certain sectarian views

The purpose of this study is to describe leadership in Islamic education. This study uses qualitative with a library research method. The results of this study indicate that Islamic Education leadership means Educational leadership as a determinant of the success of all activities in the Islamic Education institution. The concept of leadership in Islam has been mentioned in the Qur'an, expressed in various terms, namely Caliph, Imam, and Ulil Amri. The characteristics that must be possessed by Islamic Education leadership refer to the characteristics of the leadership of the Prophet Muhammad, namely shidiq, amanah, fathonah, and tabligh. The last is the leadership style in Islamic Education, namely autocratic, participatory or democratic leadership style, Laizess faire, transformative, paternalistic, and militaristic.

This study aims to describe the teaching method of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. From pedagogical and sociological studies. This study uses a qualitative approach with a library research method. The results of this study indicate that the teaching method of the Prophet Muhammad SAW is a perfect example in educating and conveying Islamic teachings. The teaching method of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. Including by example, teaching in stages, through advice, dialogue and questions and answers, parables, demonstrations, and rewards and punishments. Pedagogically, the teacher is a source of values, of course he is a person who must always be obeyed and followed, while the obligation of students is to respect their teachers, sociologically, education should form good morals, and provide skills and knowledge that are useful in everyday life. Soft skill development is highly prioritized in the process of a person's education.   Keywords: teaching methods, pedagogical, sociological

This study aims to examine the implementation of the values of the Qur'an and the Hadith of the Prophet in the daily lives of students at MTs. Raudlatul Hasaniyah, Mojolegi Gading Probolinggo. The primary focus of this research is to explore how the values contained in the Qur'an and Hadith are applied in students' everyday lives, particularly in the spiritual, social, and moral aspects. A qualitative approach using a case study method was employed, with data gathered through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis. The findings indicate that the implementation of Qur'anic and Hadith values at MTs. Raudlatul Hasaniyah is carried out effectively through various educational programs and initiatives based on Islamic teachings. These values are applied in both academic learning, extracurricular activities, and students' daily life within the school environment. The positive impacts experienced by students include improved moral character, discipline, and a deeper understanding of Islamic teachings. This research is expected to contribute to the development of Islamic education based on Qur'anic and Hadith values in shaping a generation with strong character.

This article was created to examine the role of Islamic religious education in forming honest character in early childhood, where when children are still at the age known as the golden age, they tend to learn a lot from what they see and experience. It contains the role of Islam in becoming a forum for instilling and teaching honest character to young children through fun methods by implementing honesty from the holy book Al-Qur'an, hadith, and exemplary stories of the Prophets and Apostles of that era. A long time ago. Later, honest character education through the role of the Islamic religion will influence their character in the future, and what their character, behavior and mindset will be like in the future.

Islamic religious education has a fundamental role in forming people who are faithful and have noble character. The concept of Islamic education is based on the values ​​of monotheism, the exemplary behavior of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, and the teachings of the Qur'an and hadith which emphasize the importance of morality in individual and social life. This study analyzes the concept and practice of Islamic religious education in building character through a qualitative approach with literature study methods, observation, and interviews. The results of the study show that Islamic education is implemented through various methods, including cognitive learning, habituation of worship, role models, and the role of family and social environment. Islamic education does not only focus on mastering religious knowledge but also on internalizing moral and ethical values ​​that shape the personality of Muslims who have noble character. Therefore, optimizing Islamic religious education is very important in facing moral challenges in the modern era.

The role of women in Christian missions is often overlooked, despite church history and the Bible recording their significant contributions to the spread of the gospel. Mission is a calling for all believers regardless of gender, as stated in the Great Commission (Matthew 28:19-20). This study aims to highlight the role of women in missions from a biblical perspective and its application in today's church. Using a qualitative method based on a literature review, this study analyses various biblical female figures involved in missionary work, such as Mary Magdalene, Lydia, Deborah, Esther, and Priscilla.The results of the study show that biblical women have a wide range of roles in various aspects of spiritual and social life, whether as leaders, prophets, teachers, or supporters of ministry. Women like Deborah and Esther show that women's leadership is not alien to God's plan, while figures like Mary Magdalene and Lydia prove that women also had key roles in the spread of the gospel. In the early church, names like Phoebe and Tryfosa show that women have long been active in ministry. However, to this day, there are still challenges for women in church mission, including restrictive theological interpretations, patriarchal culture, as well as social stigma. Therefore, the church needs to reflect on the role of women in mission by considering an inclusive theological foundation and making more room for their involvement. This study confirms that without the contribution of women, church growth and the spread of the gospel will face greater challenges.

This study starts from understanding the hadith regarding the recommendation to fast Ashura (9, 10, 11, every month of Muharram). This study looks at the history of the practice and implementation of the Ashura fast and finds out how the students and administrators in the KH Ahmad Dahlan Islamic Boarding School environment interpret the implementation of the Ashura fast. This research is descriptive in nature, namely systematically explaining the livelihood of hadith at the KH Ahmad Dahlan Kuantan Singingi Islamic Boarding School. The approach used in this research is a phenomenological approach. This research concludes that the first thing is to carry out the Ashura fasting tradition carried out by students of the KH Ahmad Dahlan Kuantan Singingi Islamic Boarding School which was founded in 1992. Before breaking the fast, the KH Ahmad Dahlan Kuantan Singingi Islamic Boarding School administrators held an iftar in the Nurul Ilmi mosque, followed by Maghrib prayers and Isha congregation. Second, the activity of fasting Ashura is a proof of love for the Prophet, namely by observing his Sunnah. Because the Sunnah is not only known, but practiced. Apart from that, it is also a way to increase solidarity between students.

It cannot be denied that every Muslim believes in the oneness of Allah and the apostleship of the Prophet Muhammad. But we also need to realize that humans are not only required to believe in the Prophet, but are required to follow and imitate him. Thus, just believing is not enough. However, you need to realize that imitating the Prophet does not mean following exactly everything the Prophet did, and abandoning everything he did not do. There are at least three problems that will arise if the establishment of Islamic law ignores ushuliyah rules; ambiguity in the use of ushuliyah rules, errors in understanding texts in the Al-Qur'an and Hadith, and broad interpretations because they are not focused on one or several ushuliyah rules. This illustrates that the position of ushuliyah rules: al-am, al-khas, al-amru and an-nahyu is very important as a methodology for determining Islamic law. The aim of the research is to determine the ushuliyah al-am, al-khas, al-amru and an-nahyu approaches as methodologies, procedures and problems in determining Islamic law. This research is qualitative research in the form of literature with an Ushul Fiqh approach.

The history of the development of the Islamic economic system has undergone significant transformations from the time of the Prophet Muhammad SAW to the modern era. In the early period, the Islamic economic system was based on Qur'anic principles such as justice, transparency, and the prohibition of interest (riba). The Prophet Muhammad SAW established the foundations of the economy, which included the management of zakat, waqf, and market oversight. The era of the Khulafa' al-Rashidin continued these policies with the management of the baitul mal and economic expansion through ijtihad. During the Umayyad and Abbasid periods, the economic system became more complex with the introduction of Arabic currency and innovative tax management. In the modern era, Islamic economics has experienced a revival through its integration into academia and the implementation of Shariah   compliant financial institutions like Bank Muamalat.

Love for Prophet Muhammad SAW is one of the fundamental teachings in Islam that every Muslim should possess. The essence of this love is not only seen in the practice of religious teachings but also reflected in a deep understanding of the Qur'an, Hadith, and the opinions of scholars in the Mahfudzot book. In the Qur'an, love for Prophet Muhammad SAW is depicted as a form of high obedience and devotion to Allah, aligned with the command to follow the Prophet’s sunnah. Numerous Hadiths also highlight the importance of loving the Prophet as a manifestation of love for Allah, with various descriptions of the obligation of Muslims to emulate the Prophet’s behavior. The Mahfudzot book, as a compilation of various prayers and dhikr, also contains many teachings about love for Prophet Muhammad SAW. In this book, scholars explain how this love should be actualized in daily life, both in terms of worship and character. Love for Prophet Muhammad SAW, according to the scholars, is a form of the perfection of faith that brings a Muslim closer to Allah.

The learning model is an important element in achieving learning goals. The integrative model of thematic interpretation offers an engaging learning experience that supports students to explore the values of the Qur'an in depth. This study describes the objectives, implementation, and integrative model of learning thematic interpretation of QS. Al-Hasyr verses 2-5 in Ma'had Baitul Qur'an Malang. The research uses a qualitative approach of case study type with data collection techniques through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, as well as data validation using triangulation. The data obtained was then analyzed using three techniques, namely pattern matching, making explanations and time series analysis (Yin, 2009). The results of the study show that learning aims to provide a deep understanding of the meaning of verses and their relevance to the social conditions of the community, emphasizing the relevance of the content of verses, the history of the Prophet, and their application in the modern socio-economic context. The learning process is carried out systematically through the opening stages, core activities, and closing with the material of the book of tafsir and Siroh Nabawiyah. The lectures, discussions, and question-and-answer methods are used in a humanistic approach. The combination of the connected model and webbed model creates relevant and applicable learning, with a constructivist approach that encourages learners to actively build knowledge through experience and problem-solving.

The theme of God's provision in limitations is highly relevant to theology students, who often face various challenges in their academic and spiritual journeys. The story in 2 Kings 4:42-44, where the prophet Elisha distributes twenty barley loaves to a hundred people, provides a powerful illustration of how God can turn limitations into blessings. Theology students often feel inexperienced and limited in resources to serve the community, but Elisha's example teaches that intention and trust in God are far more important than the amount of resources one has. Limitations can also trigger a crisis of faith, especially when the demands of academics and daily life increase. Therefore, it is important for students to realize that limitations are not obstacles to God, but opportunities to experience His love and power. This paper aims to explore how God's provision in limitations can be the basis for learning faith that shapes the character and ministry of theology students. By understanding this concept, it is hoped that students can serve sincerely and trust in God in every aspect of their lives.