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The curriculum is an important component of education in Indonesia because it is a set of plans and regulations regarding the objectives, content, teaching materials, and methods used in learning that will cause the quality of education in a country to rise or fall through its community resources. Why does the curriculum always change? Because there is a need to adapt to the times, technology, and community demands. The establishment of the curriculum began in 1947 with the first curriculum in Indonesia, the 1947 Lesson Plan Curriculum, up to the Merdeka Curriculum. Although curriculum changes aim to improve the quality of education, their implementation often faces several obstacles.  The research method used by the researcher is a qualitative study through literature review of educational documents, books, and scientific articles related to the topic, enabling the researcher to obtain relevant and up-to-date information about the curriculum in Indonesia. This study aims to examine the development and changes in the national education curriculum in Indonesia from 1947 to the current Merdeka Curriculum.

This study aims to analyze and identify the position, types, and ideal concept of curriculum within the educational system, particularly in the context of Indonesia's national education. The curriculum is regarded as the core of the educational system as it serves as the foundation for lesson planning, educational goal setting, material selection, and ensuring equitable access to quality education. The role of the curriculum in education carries strategic functions, including serving as a guide for teachers, a reference for evaluating the learning process, and a framework for developing students' holistic and sustainable competencies. The types of curriculumare classified based on orientation (traditional to modern), value systems (from humanistic to reconstructionist), and modes of implementation (theoretical or practical). This study employs a qualitative approach through literature review, drawing on educational books, peer-reviewed journal articles, and government policy documents. In the Indonesian context, the evolution of the curriculum from 1947 to 2023 reflects socio-political dynamics and shifts in global educational paradigms. The latest curriculum reform, known as Kurikulum Merdeka, represents an effort toward modernization and responsiveness to contemporary needs, emphasizing differentiated learning, character building, and flexibility in developing students' potential. The ideal curriculum concept proposed in this study is one that integrates academic, humanistic, technological, and social reconstruction approaches to create relevant, participatory, and meaningful learning experiences for students in addressing the challenges of the 21st century.

This research explores the role of the film Dilan 1990 in shaping the tourism imagination of Bandung through the interaction of its main characters and the representation of urban space within the narrative. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach with semiotic analysis and cultural representation theory, the research examines how visual and narrative elements in the film influence audience perceptions of Bandung as a cultural and nostalgic tourist destination. The findings reveal that Dilan 1990 successfully reconstructs collective memory of 1990s Bandung through cultural symbols, youth communication styles, and the depiction of urban spaces such as schools, streets, and city landmarks like Gedung Merdeka and Jalan Asia Afrika. The interpersonal communication between Dilan and Milea enhances the emotional depth and appeal of these urban settings, embedding them within a romantic narrative that resonates with viewers. This representation fosters an emotional connection between the audience and the locations portrayed, contributing to the emergence of film-induced tourism. The study concludes that film can serve as an effective medium for promoting cultural tourism, while also emphasizing the importance of interpersonal communication in enhancing tourism appeal through emotional and symbolic engagement.

This study aims to determine the difference in learning outcomes of computerized accounting subjects before and after the implementation of differentiated instruction. This study uses an experimental method in the form of one group pretest-posttest with a total sample of 36 students in grade 11 of the Accounting Department. The statistical test results show the value of Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000 <0.05. Thus, hypothesis testing which states that there are differences in learning outcomes of computerized accounting subjects before and after the implementation of differentiated instruction is accepted in this study.

This research investigates the factors contributing to low understanding of environmental degradation among sixth-grade students at SDN 12 Padang Koto Gadang. The study aims to identify internal and external factors affecting students' comprehension of environmental issues within the IPAS (Natural and Social Sciences) curriculum. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with the class teacher, classroom observations, and document analysis of lesson plans and student assessment records. The findings reveal that internal factors include low learning motivation, where students perceive environmental materials as mere memorization tasks, and a significant mismatch between students' kinesthetic-visual learning styles (78%) and the predominantly auditory-lecture teaching methods. External factors encompass conventional teaching approaches dominating 85% of classroom time, limited technological infrastructure, and insufficient interactive learning resources. A paradoxical finding shows that while 70% of students claim environmental concern, only 23% consistently practice eco-friendly behaviors, indicating a substantial gap between cognitive knowledge and behavioral application. The study recommends implementing a hybrid learning model combining Problem-Based Learning with local contexts, utilizing simple nature-based media, and establishing strategic community partnerships. These findings contribute to developing more adaptive and contextual teaching methods aligned with Merdeka Curriculum principles for elementary environmental education.

The Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) Community Service Program implemented in Selebar Sub-District aims to enhance mental health awareness and literacy among adolescents through an Islamic Guidance and Counseling approach. Adolescents are a vulnerable group facing emotional, social, and academic pressures, necessitating adequate psychological support. Students from the Islamic Guidance and Counseling Study Program at UIN Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu carried out this program using the Participatory Action Research (PAR) method, which included activities such as individual counseling, group guidance, and education on stress management, mindfulness, and self-care. The program engaged local communities, Islamic boarding schools, and religious institutions as partners in outreach and spiritual assistance. This initiative highlights the students’ role as social change agents capable of responding to societal needs through a holistic approach grounded in Islamic values. Evaluations indicated an increase in participants’ understanding of the importance of mental health, a reduction in stigma toward counseling, and greater willingness to seek professional help. The success of this program positively impacted adolescents' psychological well-being and reinforced the role of higher education institutions in building mentally and spiritually empowered communities. This experience provided meaningful learning for students, integrating academic knowledge with real-world social needs through transformative community engagement.

This study aims to examine how the Independent Curriculum is implemented in Pancasila and Citizenship Education (PPKn) learning at MA Syekh Subakir Nglegok. The method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the formulation of learning objectives and the use of learning media in the Independent Curriculum are able to encourage students to be actively involved, participate in contextual and meaningful learning activities, and face challenges that are in accordance with everyday life. In addition, the implementation of these learning objectives and media also supports student involvement in a more interesting, innovative, and contextual learning process. In other words, the implementation of the Independent Curriculum at MA Syekh Subakir Nglegok has been in line with the constructivism approach, which encourages the creation of a deeper and more meaningful learning experience for students. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the Independent Curriculum has made a positive contribution to the PPKn learning process at the school. These findings are expected to be a reference for educators, schools, and other stakeholders in improving the quality of the implementation of the Independent Curriculum and designing learning strategies that are more innovative and responsive to the needs of the times.

This study analyzes the development of the Indonesian Language curriculum from time to time with a focus on three main curricula: KTSP (2006), Curriculum 2013, and Merdeka Curriculum (2022). Through a qualitative approach and literature study, this study examines the differences in philosophy, structure, learning methods, and evaluation systems in the three curricula. The analysis is enriched with various educational theories to provide a comprehensive understanding. The results of the study indicate an evolution from a behavioristic approach to a constructivist one, with Merdeka Curriculum offering the most holistic solution to the challenges of 21st century education.

This community service is carried out to help teachers and schools, especially in improving numeracy literacy and the use of technology in the learning process. One form of community service that is carried out is through mentoring in the Kampus Mengajar program which is one of the eight superior programs offered by the Minister of Education and Culture. The mentoring referred to here is mentoring students who have passed the selection for the teaching program at school as Field Mentor Lecturers for the Kampus Mengajar program. Lecturers guide 3-4 students from several state and private campuses domiciled in Pamekasan or Sumenep and are placed at SDN Kowel 1 Pamekasan, SDN Groom Pamekasan and SDN Batuan 1 Sumenep. This mentoring has a direct impact on both the school including teachers, students, principals and of course students. For students, it is able to improve numeracy and literacy. For teachers, it increases knowledge related to technology and for students, it increases experience in teaching at school and how to collaborate with teachers. For schools, it helps with management and administration.

This research aims 1). To find out the role of the driving teacher as the principal in implementing the independent curriculum in the SMA / SMK level education unit in the Selayar Islands Regency 2). To find out the principal's leadership of the driving teacher in implementing the independent curriculum at the SMA / SMK level education unit in the Selayar Islands Regency 3). To find out the challenges of the driving teacher with his leadership competence in implementing the independent curriculum in the SMA / SMK level education unit in the Selayar Islands district. This research is a qualitative study using a phenomenological approach. The research was conducted on SMA/SMK principals who came from motivating teachers in Selayar Islands Regency consisting of SMAN 5 Selayar, SMAN 6 Selayar, SMKN 7 Selayar. SMKN 8 Selayar and the informants were the principals. The data collection techniques are observation, interviews and questionnaires, documentation, and data validity. Data analysis techniques with data collection, data reduction, data presentation and verification.   The results showed that 1). The driving teacher as a school principal has several roles, namely as a manager, motivator, innovator, collaborator and leader in implementing the Merdeka Curriculum 2). The Principal's leadership of the driving teacher in implementing the Merdeka Curriculum at SMA / SMK is a leader who is able to drive learning, and ensure the implementation of IKM runs well 3). The challenges of the driving teacher in his leadership competence in implementing the independent curriculum are the lack of understanding of fellow teachers about IKM, the difficulty of fellow teachers making changes, and the understanding that the driving teacher has perfect abilities compared to other teachers.

One of the important components of the national education system is character education, which helps produce a young generation with integrity, morals, and the ability to face the various problems of the modern world. Investigating implementation strategies in the classroom and examining how character education interacts with the national curriculum—specifically, the 2013 Curriculum and the Merdeka Curriculum—is the aim of this project. According to this study, which uses a qualitative descriptive approach through a literature study, character education is implemented comprehensively in various subjects as well as through intracurricular and extracurricular activities, with an emphasis on values ​​such as religiosity, nationalism, independence, mutual cooperation, and integrity. Teachers act as role models and facilitators, and schools and families work together to support children's character development. The study findings suggest that to create responsible, educated, and capable individuals who are ready to make significant contributions to society, effective character education emphasizes not only knowledge but also behavior and role models. Therefore, incorporating character education into the national curriculum is essential to raising a morally and ethically resilient generation today.

This study stems from the growing need to support university students' self-growth during early adulthood, a critical phase in preparing for independence and future careers. The Merdeka Belajar–Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) initiative, introduced by Indonesia’s Ministry of Education, provides diverse learning experiences beyond the classroom that are expected to foster personal development. The objective of this research is to evaluate the impact of the MBKM program on various dimensions of student self-development, including cognitive, emotional, and social growth. Employing a quantitative research method, data were gathered through surveys distributed to students who took part in the program. The questionnaire measured specific indicators of personal development. Results indicate that the MBKM program significantly and positively contributes to the self-development of participants. Students demonstrated enhanced critical thinking, emotional intelligence, and interpersonal as well as leadership skills. These findings suggest that experiential learning opportunities such as those offered by MBKM play a vital role in nurturing students' maturity and preparing them for professional challenges. As a result, universities are encouraged to embed similar programs within their curriculum to promote comprehensive student development..

This study examines the preparedness of elementary school teachers in Indonesia to navigate the digital age and implement the Merdeka Curriculum.  Findings reveal significant challenges in digital literacy, adequate teacher training, and sufficient school infrastructure. While student interest in technology is high, teachers struggle to effectively integrate technology into teaching and manage dynamic classrooms. The research underscores the urgent need for enhanced digital competency development among teachers, improved access to technology, and the development of teaching strategies responsive to technological advancements and the needs of 21st-century learners.

This study explores the application of digital marketing strategies to enhance business performance, using a case study of Garasi Poncol. The research focuses on the implementation of a website program within the context of digital marketing for a used car trading business. The Garasi Poncol website was developed by the author with support from the Kampus Merdeka MSIB program. The objective of this study is to understand how the Garasi Poncol website was designed and implemented to increase exposure and sales of used cars through effective digital marketing strategies. The research method employed is a case study, examining the development of the Garasi Poncol website from inception to launch, along with the steps taken to promote and optimize the site. The results indicate that collaboration between the author and MSIB facilitated the creation of a website that meets business needs by incorporating various digital marketing features and techniques. These findings offer valuable insights for entrepreneurs and web developers on leveraging online platforms to grow and promote their businesses.

This study investigates the influence of the implementation of the Independent Curriculum (Kurikulum Merdeka) and classroom management on student learning outcomes in public elementary schools across the Indralaya District, Ogan Ilir Regency. Employing a quantitative research method with a correlational approach, data were collected through questionnaires distributed to teachers and through documentation of student performance. The findings reveal that both the application of the Independent Curriculum and effective classroom management significantly contribute to improving student learning outcomes. The study emphasizes the importance of teacher competence in managing classrooms and delivering the curriculum in a way that promotes student engagement and academic achievement. These results highlight the need for continuous professional development and support in implementing educational reforms at the elementary level.

This study aims to provide a detailed and in-depth description of school leadership, obstacles, and solutions in improving teachers' abilities to implement the Merdeka Curriculum at SD 134 Palembang. The research was conducted from December to February 2025 at SD 134 Palembang, involving 48 teachers and 7 educational staff as samples. The study employed a qualitative descriptive research approach, utilizing data collection techniques through interviews, field observations, and triangulation.The principal of SD 134 Palembang has fostered a positive school environment, evident in their active role in enhancing teachers' competencies in implementing the Merdeka Curriculum. The Merdeka Curriculum grants schools and teachers greater autonomy in designing learning that aligns with students' needs and potential. This necessitates teachers possessing adequate capabilities to effectively implement the Merdeka Curriculum. This study aimed to improve teachers' abilities at SD 134 Palembang in implementing the Merdeka Curriculum through training and mentoring.The study employed a qualitative method with a classroom action research design. The research subjects were the teachers at SD 134 Palembang. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data were analyzed using qualitative data analysis techniques.The findings revealed that training and mentoring were effective in enhancing teachers' capabilities in implementing the Merdeka Curriculum.

The Independent Curriculum is a curriculum implemented by the government as a new guideline for education in Indonesia. With the various curricula in Indonesia, all elements in educational institutions must be able to adjust to them. This is what can cause learning difficulties, especially for students. The objectives of this study are: 1. To find out the learning difficulties experienced by students, 2. To find out the factors that cause students' learning difficulties, 3. To find out solutions to overcome students' learning difficulties. In this study, the researcher used a qualitative method to find out the results of an in-depth analysis of the resource persons. Learning problems faced by students in the Economics lesson of the Independent Curriculum for class 10 MA Darul Huda were found, namely: 1) Attention, 2) Memory, 3) The level of students' absorption in understanding information, 4) Academic and 5) Social. Then the factors that cause students to experience difficulties in the Economics lesson of the Independent Curriculum for class 10 MA Darul Huda are Internal Factors, namely: a) Psychology and Mental and b) Emotional and Bad Attitude Habits. Then in External Factors there are: a) Family, b) School, and c) Community, So that solutions are obtained to overcome student learning problems, namely: 1. Counseling Guidance 2. Establishing Cooperation with Parents of Students 3. Principal's assessment of teachers 4. Teacher assessment of students.    

Economics education plays a crucial role in building students' understanding of managing limited resources, both on an individual and societal scale. However, isolated approaches to economics education often make it difficult for students to connect economic concepts with real life. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of integrating economics education with other subjects, such as mathematics, geography, and history, to create relevant and meaningful learning experiences. This approach aligns with the principles of the Kurikulum Merdeka, which emphasizes student-centered and life-relevant learning. This research employs the literature review method, involving the collection, analysis, and synthesis of information from various relevant sources, including books, journals, and scholarly articles. The findings indicate that integrating economics education can enhance students' conceptual understanding, analytical skills, and learning motivation. Moreover, this approach encourages students to recognize interdisciplinary connections, resulting in holistic comprehension. However, the implementation of such integration faces several challenges, including teacher readiness, time constraints, and limited supporting learning resources. Therefore, this study recommends the development of a more flexible curriculum, teacher training, and the creation of relevant teaching materials. The results are expected to provide insights for the development of innovative and holistic teaching methods in secondary education.

This study aims to analyze the representation of religious moderation values in the Islamic Religious Education (PAI) textbook for grade VII at the junior high school level published by the Ministry of Education and Culture in the Merdeka Curriculum. The research method used in this research is a qualitative approach with descriptive research type. Data collection techniques are carried out through literature review and document analysis. This research will also use triangulation techniques to ensure data accuracy.  The results show that this textbook successfully conveys the values of religious moderation in a way that is appropriate to the Indonesian context which is rich in diversity. The value of national commitment is emphasized through teaching about the importance of maintaining national unity, while the value of tolerance and interfaith cooperation is reflected in materials that respect differences in beliefs and invite students to coexist peacefully. In addition, the value of anti-violence in religion is also integrated by promoting the principles of peace and compassion, as well as attitudes that avoid extremism. The book also introduces respect for local cultures that are in line with religious principles, to create a society that is inclusive, peaceful, and able to maintain social harmony. Thus, PAI textbooks in the Merdeka Curriculum not only function as a tool for religious learning, but also as a means of building student character that emphasizes the values of religious moderation in everyday life.

This study was motivated by the need to understand the impact of changing the education curriculum on elementary school students. Curriculum changes often pose challenges in their implementation, especially in terms of literacy in elementary school students. In addition, there are factors that influence student literacy such as the change from the 2013 curriculum to the independent curriculum, lack of support and attention from parents to students, and support from student schools. The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of changing the education curriculum on elementary school students. The research method used is qualitative descriptive with a literature study design. The literature review was conducted by examining information collected from primary and secondary data sources, including citing relevant references. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the independent curriculum also raises concerns about students' basic skills, especially in terms of reading because many students in Indonesia have difficulty reading, which can have a negative impact on their learning achievement in the future. Therefore, the results of this study are expected to contribute to the understanding and implementation of the independent curriculum in children's literacy