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The field of education, especially Islamic Religious Education (PAI), has seen substantial changes as a result of the advancement of digital technology and artificial intelligence (AI). The existence of digital media and AI offers numerous opportunities to improve the effectiveness, efficiency, and quality of education through interactive, flexible, and easily accessible learning resources. The purpose of this article is to analyze how artificial intelligence (AI) and digital media are used in Islamic Religious Education. This includes the idea of AI and digital media, AI-based learning materials, the use of AI in educational activities, ethical considerations of AI use, the effects and difficulties of integrating AI, and the Islamic viewpoint on technological advancement. This study employed a library research method by collecting data from relevant journals, books, and other scholarly sources. The findings indicate that the use of AI and digital media in PAI learning can enhance access to information, personalize learning experiences, improve evaluation effectiveness, and increase student engagement in the learning process. However, the implementation of AI also presents several challenges, such as limited digital literacy among teachers, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, ethical concerns, and the potential decline of direct educational interaction between teachers and students. Therefore, the utilization of AI in Islamic Religious Education should be carried out wisely while maintaining Islamic values, ethics, and the primary goal of Islamic education in shaping students’ character.

Student learning activeness is an important component in achieving effective learning outcomes. However, many classroom learning processes still tend to be teacher-centered, resulting in low student participation. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Family 100 Quiz Game in improving students' learning activeness in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning among eleventh-grade students at SMAN 1 Tambakboyo. This research used a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach with the Kemmis and McTaggart model consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. The research was conducted in two cycles involving 38 students. Data were collected through observation sheets, field notes, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive quantitative and qualitative techniques by calculating the percentage of student learning activeness. The results showed that the implementation of the Family 100 Quiz Game was able to increase student learning activeness. The average percentage of learning activeness increased from 65% in cycle I to 86% in cycle II. The findings indicate that game-based learning strategies can create a more interactive, collaborative, and enjoyable learning environment. Therefore, the Family 100 Quiz Game can be used as an innovative learning strategy to improve student participation in Islamic Religious Education learning.

This study aims to analyze the fundamental role of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers in shaping the noble character of students using a qualitative approach through literature review techniques. Data were collected from various scientific sources published between 2020 and 2026 and analyzed using content analysis methods, which included stages of reduction, categorization, and conceptual synthesis. The main focus of this study is to examine how PAI teachers integrate the values of tawhid and worship into the daily behavior of students, so that religious education does not merely remain at the cognitive level but manifests in noble character. The findings indicate that PAI teachers play a strategic role as murabbi, mu’allim, and muaddib, whose success is determined by the integration of pedagogical, professional, social, personality, and spiritual competencies. Amid the dynamic challenges of the digital era, teachers are required to revitalize their roles not only as educators but also as moral exemplars (uswatun hasanah) and agents of character transformation. The synergy between teachers' competencies and consistent exemplification is the key to safeguarding the students' morality and fostering a resilient personality in the school environment.

According to Al-Ghazali, Islamic education is education that strives to form a perfect human being, both in this world and in the hereafter. According to Al Ghazali, humans can achieve perfection if they are willing to strive to seek knowledge and then practice fadhilah through the knowledge they have learned. According to Al Ghazali, the main goal of Islamic education is to obey Allah the Creator, and the most perfect human being in his view is a human being who always draws closer to Allah. This goal seems to have religious and moral nuances, without ignoring worldly problems. The method used to classify al-Ghazali into two parts: First, the special method of Religious education, this special method of religious education has an orientation towards knowledge of faith because religious education in reality is more difficult than other education, because religious education involves intuitive problems and focuses more on the formation of students' personalities. Second, the special method of moral education, Al-Ghazali said: "Just as a doctor, if he gives his patients only one kind of medicine, will surely kill most of the sick people, so too a teacher, if he shows his students the way with only one kind of practice, will surely destroy their hearts.

This study aims to examine in depth the role of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers as agents of tolerant da‘wah based on Islam Nusantara within multicultural elementary school settings. The research was conducted at SDN 2 Margasari, Pasawahan District, Purwakarta Regency, West Java, which represents the social, cultural, and religious diversity of students. This study employed a qualitative approach using a case study method to obtain a comprehensive understanding of PAI learning practices oriented toward tolerance values. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with PAI teachers and the school principal, direct observations of classroom PAI learning activities, and document analysis of religious programs and activities implemented at the school. The results indicate that PAI teachers play a strategic role in instilling values of tolerance, religious moderation, mutual respect, and appreciation of local wisdom through the application of dialogical, contextual, and inclusive learning methods. The learning strategies applied include the use of local stories and traditions that align with the values of Islam Nusantara, as well as the habituation of tasamuh (tolerance) attitudes in daily interactions within the school environment. This study recommends strengthening the competencies of PAI teachers in understanding and applying the Islam Nusantara approach, as well as integrating values of religious moderation into the elementary school curriculum as a systematic effort to build a culture of tolerance in multicultural educational settings.

This study aims to explore students’ perceptions of the implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile Reinforcement Project (P5) based on deep learning within the Islamic Religious Education (PAI) subject at SMA Fajrul Islam. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method with data collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. Interviews were conducted with 10 students from grades X and XI. The findings indicate that students perceive the deep learning–based P5 as a more meaningful and enjoyable learning process. They reported feeling more motivated to participate in project activities. However, several students also mentioned challenges such as the need for more intensive guidance, differences in group members’ discipline, and project-related costs that they considered burdensome. Overall, students’ perceptions of this learning model are positive, as it is viewed as effective in enhancing understanding, participation, and character development in alignment with the goals of the P5 program.  

Learning design is a fundamental component in the educational process, as it serves as a foundation for teachers in planning, implementing, and evaluating learning activities systematically and purposefully. In the context of Islamic Religious Education (PAI), learning design has a broader role, not only focusing on the delivery of religious knowledge, but also encompassing the formation of character, morals, and strengthening Islamic values ​​in students. This paper discusses the general concept and function of learning design in PAI through theoretical studies from various literature and expert views. The results of the discussion indicate that PAI learning design must be prepared comprehensively by considering the components of objectives, materials, methods, media, and evaluation that are aligned with Islamic values. In addition, learning design serves as a practical guideline for teachers to create effective, efficient, innovative learning that is able to respond to the challenges of modern developments. Good learning design also contributes to increased learning motivation, optimal achievement of competencies, and the formation of students who are faithful, pious, and have good morals. Thus, understanding the concept and function of learning design is crucial for educators in their efforts to improve the quality of PAI learning as a whole.

Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning methods are strategies used by teachers to effectively convey Islamic teachings so that they are easily understood, internalized, and practiced by students. The application of appropriate methods can create a more engaging, active, and meaningful learning process, enabling students not only to acquire knowledge but also to develop Islamic attitudes and personalities. In the context of modern education, PAI learning needs to integrate a variety of approaches, ranging from lectures, discussions, demonstrations, to hands-on, experiential learning. Furthermore, learning environments such as museums, mosques, monuments, and open spaces can be utilized as resources and supporting learning media, even if these places are not specifically designed for teaching and learning activities. Utilizing these environments provides real-life experiences that help students understand Islamic values ​​contextually. Thus, PAI learning methods play a crucial role in realizing a holistic, comprehensive educational process oriented toward the formation of Islamic character.

This study compares the Islamic religious education systems in Indonesia and Malaysia with a particular focus on curriculum design and its implementation within secondary schools. Using a qualitative research approach, data were gathered through document analysis and interviews with educators and school administrators from both countries. The findings show that although Indonesia and Malaysia share similar objectives in fostering students’ understanding and practice of Islamic teachings, several significant differences remain in terms of curriculum structure, learning materials, and instructional strategies. In Indonesia, Islamic religious education is more closely integrated into the national curriculum, emphasizing a balance between religious values and general educational competencies. Meanwhile, Malaysia adopts a more specific and traditionally oriented curriculum that places stronger emphasis on classical Islamic knowledge and conventional pedagogical practices. Implementation in both countries is shaped by government policies, socio-cultural contexts, and local wisdom that influence how Islamic education is delivered in the classroom. Overall, this study is expected to contribute as a useful reference for enhancing the effectiveness, relevance, and contextualization of Islamic education systems in both nations.

This study highlights the crucial role of learning interest as a key determinant of success in the educational process. The research was conducted through interviews with teachers and direct observations in the learning environment, aiming to explore how various factors influence students’ interest, particularly in religious education. The findings indicate that teachers play an essential role by adopting creative approaches in their teaching methods. For instance, the integration of digital tools, such as instructional videos, was found to be highly effective in capturing students’ attention and enhancing their engagement during lessons. Furthermore, parental support emerged as a significant factor, as parents act as the first educators at home by instilling fundamental religious values and attitudes that shape students’ motivation. The results also suggest that a positive classroom atmosphere, where students feel appreciated and supported by their teachers, contributes to higher levels of interest and participation in religious studies. In addition, the study emphasizes the importance of differentiated instruction, where tasks are adjusted to match students’ abilities and learning needs. By connecting lesson materials with real-life experiences, teachers can further foster students’ intrinsic motivation, making learning more meaningful and relevant. Overall, the research demonstrates that cultivating interest in learning requires collaboration between teachers, parents, and supportive learning environments.

This study aims to determine the effect of using religious content on social media on the understanding of Islamic Religious Education among students at SMK Negeri Gudo. The method used is quantitative with a correlational approach. The sample in this study consisted of 24 eleventh-grade students selected using purposive sampling. Data collection techniques employed a Likert scale questionnaire. The analysis results indicate a significant relationship between the use of religious content on social media and the understanding of Islamic Religious Education, as evidenced by a correlation coefficient value of 0.578 with a significance of 0.003 (< 0.05), indicating a moderate and significant correlation. This study concludes that social media can positively contribute to students’ religious understanding when used appropriately. This study also suggests that teachers and schools can utilize social media as an effective learning tool by guiding students to access quality and reliable religious content. Furthermore, it is crucial to improve students' digital literacy so they can effectively select information and avoid misleading content. Thus, the use of social media is not merely for entertainment but also as a tool that supports a more optimal understanding and strengthening of Islamic religious values.

Learning evaluation is an important component in the educational process that aims to determine the extent to which the success of the learning process has been achieved. In the context of Islamic Religious Education (Islamic education), evaluation not only assesses cognitive aspects, but also affective and psychomotor. This article discusses the basic concept of evaluation and its implications in evaluating Islamic education learning in schools. Through a literature review, this paper emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive understanding of evaluation to produce an effective Islamic education learning process.

This study aims to identify and analyze forms of gender bias found in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) textbooks at the Senior High School (SMA) level. Using a qualitative approach with content analysis methods, grounded in a critical paradigm and gender perspective, this research found that gender representation in several teaching materials remains unequal. Gender bias in the textbooks is manifested through narratives that position men as dominant in the public sphere, while women are confined to domestic roles. The analyzed materials include topics such as pilgrimage requirements, covering the body and dressing, visiting graves, marriage guardians and witnesses, and family leadership. In these narratives, women are often portrayed as weak, in need of protection, or limited in their roles. This indicates that PAI textbooks continue to reproduce patriarchal values that may reinforce gender-based social inequalities in educational settings. The study recommends that teaching materials be revised to be more inclusive and aligned with gender equality principles as mandated by national education regulations. Thus, education can serve as a fair and equitable instrument for all students, regardless of gender. 

his research aims to identifiy various of attitude scales and psychomotor assessment techniques within the context of learning. The method used is a quantitative approach through library research. The data sources were obtained through a review of literature from academic journals, reference books, and various instructional documents that present numerical data related to the practice of assessing attittudes and skills. The objects of study in this research include types of attitude scales, such as the Likert scale, Guttman scale, and Semantic Differential scale, as well as psychomotor assessment techniques, including performance observation, performance appraisal, and the use of rubrics. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive quantitative methods by presenting how frequently each model is used and the tendency of its effectiveness as reflected in various literature findings. Based on the research resulth, the Likert scale is the most commonly used to evaluate students attitudes, while in the assessmentnof psychomotor aspects, performance observation is the primary technique of choice.    

Religious gaslighting is a form of psychological manipulation that uses religious authority and teachings to question or doubt a person's perceptions, emotions, and experiences, so that the victim feels guilty or unfaithful. In the context of the Muslim community, this practice can occur when religious understanding is used narrowly and authoritarianly, suppressing freedom of thought, and perpetuating power imbalances—both in family relationships, communities, and religious institutions. This article examines the phenomenon of religious gaslighting from the perspective of critical Islamic education, with the aim of dismantling manipulative patterns wrapped in religious narratives. The approach used is qualitative-descriptive with literature analysis of classical and contemporary Islamic sources, as well as interdisciplinary studies in the fields of religious psychology and educational philosophy. The results of the study show that religious gaslighting is not only a matter of individual morals, but also part of an authoritarian social and cultural structure that needs to be countered through liberating (ta'dib) and transformative Islamic education. Islamic education based on the values ​​of justice (al-‘adl), compassion (rahmah), and deliberation can be a critical tool for building a healthy spiritual awareness and freeing people from the shackles of manipulative authority. Thus, education has a central role in forming a generation of Muslims who are able to distinguish between the authenticity of Islamic teachings and their misuse in the practice of power.    

The expository learning strategy in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) remains relevant as a classical Islamic scholarly heritage but requires creative transformation to address digital-age challenges. This article examines the implementation of expository strategies through literature study, analyzing philosophical foundations, effectiveness, contemporary challenges, and innovation models. The research reveals that expository strategies are effective for normative PAI materials but face complex challenges including shifting cognitive patterns of digital natives, decentralization of knowledge authority, and technological disparities. Various innovative models (interactive, contextual, multimedia, reflective) offer solutions by integrating traditional expository strengths with modern approaches. The study concludes that successful implementation requires paradigmatic reconstruction through "pedagogical ijtihad" balancing Islamic scholarly authenticity with 21st-century learning needs. PAI teachers must master three core competencies: depth of religious knowledge, pedagogical sophistication, and technological literacy. 

Looking at the culture that occurs in the environment where we live, most early education is handled by a mother, although there are some fathers who also pay great attention to children's education, but this is still relatively rare and most of the time it is the mother who educates them starting from being able to eat, walk, talk, bathe and etc. Due to the understanding in society that a mother only stays at home without needing to work, the job of earning a living is the father's duty, but in everyday life there are many households where the father's work cannot meet daily needs so the mother must help.In the end, many mothers have outside jobs, mothers are still required to educate their children and earn a living. For mothers, this is an obligation that they must carry out, apart from education in daily life, mothers must also think about psychological and spiritual development, Islamic religion, so that their children have a path that is blessed by Allah SWT.The method that career mothers usually use in educating their children is putting them in TPQ, Islamic boarding school, continuous habituation, parents providing examples. The results obtained from these various efforts are that children get used to praying 5 times a day from childhood, get used to reading the Al-Qur'an, are polite to their parents, behave well towards neighbors, older people or friends and so on.

This study aims to analyze the role of Islamic education management in fostering religious moderation in schools. Amid the challenges of globalization and technological advancement, Islamic education faces the need to reflect values of moderation, tolerance, and inclusivity. The research method employed is a literature study with a qualitative narrative approach, evaluating previous studies related to this topic. The findings indicate that effective Islamic education management can be a strategic instrument in instilling moderation values through curriculum, policies, and learning practices. However, the implementation of religious moderation still faces obstacles, such as the lack of systematic managerial strategies and institutional challenges. This study recommends the development of a more specific and structured Islamic education management model to support religious moderation in schools. Thus, it is expected to create an inclusive and harmonious educational environment capable of shaping students' moderate and tolerant character.

Islamic Religious Education (PAI) plays an important role in the formation of students' character and understanding of religious teachings. However, in practice, not a few students face difficulties in understanding PAI material, both in terms of cognitiveness and affective. These difficulties can be caused by a variety of factors, such as differences in academic ability, lack of motivation, or socio-cultural problems. Therefore, the right strategy from PAI teachers in overcoming learning difficulties is very necessary. This article aims to identify various strategies that PAI teachers can apply to help students overcome learning difficulties. Based on a literature review, there are several approaches that have proven to be effective, including the use of varied learning methods, the use of educational technology, the provision of intensive guidance, and the strengthening of student motivation and character. In addition, the importance of constructive evaluation and feedback in the learning process is also one of the keys in improving the effectiveness of PAI learning. By implementing these strategies, it is hoped that the learning difficulties faced by students can be overcome, and the quality of PAI learning can be improved.

This study examines the issue of distributing inheritance rights in the context of religious differences among heirs, which is often a complex issue in Islamic law. In traditional fiqh, heirs of different religions are generally not entitled to receive a share of a Muslim's estate. However, the maqashid shari'ah approach, which focuses on the purpose and wisdom of shari'ah, opens up opportunities to reinterpret such rules in light of the principles of justice, beneficence and family harmony. This study aims to analyze how maqashid shari'ah can be applied to provide a solution to the issue of inheritance rights for heirs of different religions. Using normative research methods, this study identifies the relevance of maqashid shari'ah in maintaining social stability, avoiding conflict, and ensuring family welfare. One of the approaches discussed is the application of mandatory wills as a mechanism to provide financial rights to non-Muslim heirs without violating the basic principles of shari'ah. The results show that maqashid shari'ah offers flexibility in addressing contemporary challenges, including the issue of interfaith inheritance. This approach not only emphasizes the importance of maintaining family relationships, but also creates a balance between normative justice and the practical needs of modern society.Thus,maqashid shari'ah becomes a relevant framework to answer inheritance issues in the context of religious differences.