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This study aims to analyze environmentally based science learning as an effort to enhance ecological awareness among elementary/Islamic elementary school (SD/MI) students through a literature review approach. The method employed is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) by examining reputable scientific articles published between 2020 and 2026. Data were collected through documentation, with literature selected using purposive sampling based on topic relevance, while data analysis utilized content analysis techniques to identify patterns, characteristics, and key findings across studies. The results indicate that environmentally based science learning is characterized by the integration of scientific concepts with real environmental contexts, the use of contextual approaches, and the application of active learning models such as problem-based learning, project-based learning, and inquiry learning. This approach has been proven to play a significant role in enhancing students’ ecological awareness, including knowledge, attitudes, and environmentally responsible behaviors. However, its implementation still faces several challenges, such as limited facilities, teacher competencies, and suboptimal integration into the curriculum. Additionally, research gaps remain, particularly regarding the lack of studies examining long-term impacts on students’ ecological behavior. Therefore, more innovative learning strategies and more comprehensive future research are needed.

Problem-solving ability is an essential skill that students need to meet the demands of both academic learning and the workforce in the 21st century. This study aims to analyze the influence of self-efficacy and interpersonal communication on the problem-solving ability of eleventh-grade students at SMKN 31 Jakarta, both partially and simultaneously. A quantitative approach was employed, with data collected through a Likert scale questionnaire. Samples were drawn using a probability sampling technique with a proportional random sampling approach. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on Partial Least Squares (SmartPLS 4.0). The results indicate that self-efficacy has a positive and significant effect on problem-solving, with a path coefficient of 0.455, a t-statistic of 7.843, and a p-value of 0.000. Similarly, interpersonal communication has a positive and significant effect on problem-solving, with a path coefficient of 0.447, a t-statistic of 7.501, and a p-value of 0.000. Taken together, self-efficacy and interpersonal communication account for the variance in problem-solving with an R-square value of 0.416, indicating that both independent variables explain 41.6% of the variation in problem-solving ability. These findings suggest that self-efficacy and interpersonal communication play a significant role in enhancing students' problem-solving ability.

This study aims to apply the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model based on the Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) approach to improve junior high school students' argumentative literacy in speech text material. The study was conducted on grade VIII-E students of SMP Negeri 7 Banjarmasin with a descriptive qualitative approach through documentation and observation of teaching modules, teacher reports, and learning evaluation results. The results of the study indicate that the application of PBL syntax - starting from problem orientation through contextual speech texts, group work with LKPD, presentation of discussion results, to evaluation using applications such as Kahoot is able to improve students' abilities in analyzing text structures, compiling arguments, and expressing opinions logically and critically. The CRT approach strengthens the relevance of the material to the students' cultural background, thus encouraging active involvement and deeper understanding. The application of PBL and CRT has proven effective in forming critical thinking skills and improving the quality of Indonesian language learning that is more contextual and meaningful.

This study explores the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model combined with the Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) approach through the utilization of various forms of digital content to optimally enhance students’ learning outcomes. The research employs a descriptive qualitative design aimed at gaining an in-depth understanding of the learning process being implemented. The primary data were obtained from an analysis of the Grade VIII Indonesian language teaching module, while supporting data were collected through interviews with students of the Teacher Professional Education (PPG) program involved in the learning process. The findings indicate that the design and implementation of learning activities followed the stages of PBL systematically, thereby encouraging collaboration, active discussion, and problem-solving activities in the classroom. CRT principles were clearly reflected in the selection of learning materials related to students’ cultural backgrounds, such as speech texts representing Banjar and Javanese cultures. The integration of digital media, including Google Sites, instructional videos, and interactive quizzes, was proven to increase students’ engagement, motivation, and participation during the learning process. Overall, the synergy between PBL, CRT, and digital content created a more relevant, inclusive, and contextual learning environment and had a positive impact on improving students’ learning outcomes.

Critical thinking skills are considered a fundamental skill essential for facing the challenges and complex issues of the 21st century. One teaching strategy considered effective in fostering these skills is the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) method. This study aims to describe the application of PBL in the teaching and learning process and its impact on strengthening students' critical thinking skills. The approach used in this research is classroom action research (CAR) with descriptive qualitative methods. The study results revealed that the use of PBL can improve students' critical thinking skills, particularly in the aspects of interpretation, analysis, and assessment. In addition, the implementation of PBL also has a positive impact on increasing student activeness, collaboration skills, and independence in the learning process. Obstacles encountered during the learning process can be minimized through the application of appropriate strategies, such as providing scaffolding and optimizing the use of digital-based learning resources. These findings make an important contribution to the development of more effective teaching methods in improving the quality of students' critical thinking in schools, as well as offering practical solutions for teachers to increase student engagement in problem-based learning.

This research is motivated by the problems faced by students in understanding fictional texts. Many students struggle to connect literary content with their personal experiences or real-life contexts, resulting in low reading interest, poor comprehension, and limited participation in literature learning. To address this issue, this study aims to develop an electronic module on fictional works based on Bogor’s local wisdom, to be integrated into Indonesian language learning at the secondary school level. The module is designed using local folk stories from the Bogor region—such as legends, myths, and traditional tales—which are rich in cultural and moral values. This approach seeks to make literary material more relatable, contextual, and meaningful for students, thus enhancing their engagement and understanding. This research employs the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, which consists of five stages: 1) Analysis, 2) Design, 3) Development, 4) Implementation, and 5) Evaluation. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews with teachers and students, expert validation (media, content, and language), and questionnaires to assess students’ responses to the developed module. The results indicate that the module received a very high level of validation from experts: 94.4% from media experts, 96.6% from content experts, and the Sundanese translation was reviewed and verified by language experts. Student responses during both initial and main trials showed that the module was categorized as highly feasible and effective. These findings demonstrate that the electronic module meets technical, pedagogical, and cultural standards. In conclusion, this study contributes to the development of culturally responsive teaching materials and offers an innovative and engaging alternative for literature instruction. It also supports students in deepening their appreciation for local culture while improving their ability to understand and analyze fictional texts more effectively.

This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of seventh grade students on the material of Linear Equation One Variable (PLSV) and Linear Inequality One Variable (PtSLV) through the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model. This research is a Classroom Action Research (PTK) conducted in two cycles at Bustanul Ulum Pakusari Islamic Junior High School. Each cycle consists of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. The results showed that in cycle I the average score of students was 69.3 with a completeness rate of 69%, while in cycle II there was an increase in the average score to 74.3 with a completeness rate of 74%. In addition, the activeness of students in the learning process increased from 76% in cycle I to 100% in cycle II. The application of the PBL model is able to increase the active involvement and learning motivation of female students, and has a positive impact on improving learning outcomes. Thus, the application of the PBL model is effective in improving the quality of mathematics learning, especially in PLSV and PtSLV material.

This study aims to analyze the impact of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model on the learning outcomes of intellectually disabled 11th-grade students at SLB Negeri Sukapura, Kiaracondong District, Bandung City, in science subjects. The study involved two students with IQ ranges between 40-67. A collaborative approach was used, involving researchers and teachers to observe students' activities during problem-based learning sessions. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and learning outcome tests. The results indicated that implementing PBL positively influenced students' engagement and understanding, particularly among students with higher IQs. However, challenges persisted for students with lower IQs, requiring adjusted teaching methods for greater effectiveness. The application of PBL demonstrated an average improvement in learning outcomes, although some students did not meet the minimum mastery criteria. This study suggests further enhancements in the implementation of PBL to optimize learning experiences for intellectually disabled students.

This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of students in class IV-A in IPAS subjects, especially on the material of friction and muscle force, by using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) Learning Model at SDN Pakis 1 Surabaya. This research is a Classroom Action Research (PTK) conducted in two cycles, each of which consists of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The subjects of this study were 28 students of class IV-A. The instruments used include learning outcome tests to measure students' understanding of the material taught. The results showed a significant increase in student learning outcomes. At the pre-cycle stage, only 39% of students achieved mastery, while 61% of students were not yet complete. After the implementation of PBL, in cycle 1 student completeness increased to 71%, and in cycle 2 all students reached completeness with a percentage of 100%. PBL proved to be effective in improving students' understanding of the concepts of friction and muscle force through problem solving that is relevant to everyday life. Thus, the application of Problem Based Learning (PBL) can significantly improve student learning outcomes in IPAS subjects, especially in understanding abstract concepts such as force. This method is also effective in developing students' critical and collaborative thinking skills.  

This research aims to develop problem-solving-based teaching materials to improve students' critical thinking skills in class IV PPKn subjects based on the fact that the use of teaching materials in each PPKn subject is rarely used because educators only rely on textbooks as a guide. And in improving students' critical thinking skills, teachers only use multiple choice tests in the textbook without asking students to create their own ideas from the knowledge they have obtained. This research uses the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) but the focus of this research is limited to this stage Development just. Data collection techniques used were interviews, observation, questionnaires and documentation. The results obtained after the teaching materials were validated by 3 validator experts, namely material experts, obtained an average score of 89.3% with the "Very Eligible" criteria. The results of the media expert validation assessment obtained an average score of 94.3% with the criteria "Very Eligible". And the results of the linguist validation assessment obtained an average score of 82% with the criteria "Very Eligible". Meanwhile, the results of the teacher's assessment of problem-solving based teaching materials obtained an average score of 94.6% with the criteria "Very Appropriate". This shows that problem-solving based teaching materials are very suitable for use in the learning process to improve students' critical thinking abilities.

This research aims to develop a student digital worksheet product with a valid, practical, and effective model of Logan Avenue Problem Solving (LAPS)-Heuristic . Using the ADDIE model, results show the worksheet enhances critical thinking skills. The validity obtained from the material expert is 92% and based on the media expert is 85.4%. Also, the percentage of practicality is 92.9% and is included in the practical category. Implementation of learning with the application of student digital worksheets Effectiveness was demonstrated with 86.67% of students meeting learning completeness, and a medium improvement in critical thinking skills (gain score: 0.639). From the collected data, it is concluded that the Logan Avenue Problem Solving (LAPS)-Heuristic learning model developed meets the qualifications of valid, practical, and effective.

This research is motivated by the low learning outcomes of first-grade students in the subject of mathematics, specifically in the topic of grouping and presenting data in the form of lists and tables. The aim of this study is to investigate the improvement of first-grade students' learning outcomes in mathematics through the implementation of the problem-based learning model using a culturally responsive teaching approach. This research is classified as a classroom action research conducted in two cycles. The subjects of this study are 27 first-grade students from SDN Putat Jaya IV-380 Surabaya. Data for this research were collected through observations and tests, and were analyzed using quantitative descriptive methods. The results indicate that implementing problem-based learning through a culturally responsive teaching approach can enhance students' learning outcomes in mathematics, specifically in the topic of grouping and presenting data in the form of lists and tables. The average pre-cycle learning outcome was 69.55, which increased to 78.51 after the first cycle of PBL implementation, and further improved to 90.88 in the second cycle. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the problem-based learning model through culturally responsive teaching is effective in enhancing the learning outcomes of first-grade students in mathematics at SDN Putat Jaya IV-380 Surabaya..  

The aim of this research is to explore the impact of using the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) model on the expository writing skills of class VI students at SDN Bangbayang 2 Elementary School. This research is based on the low level of expository text writing skills of elementary school students, students tend to be less interested in practicing writing. Students consider writing activities to be a difficult task. Problems that often occur in writing activities are the inability to use punctuation, spelling, diction, sentence structure and written content, so it is certain that the results will not be in accordance with the expected competence. The research used an experimental design with a control and experimental group, the experimental group consisted of 30 students at SDN Bangbayang 2 and the control group consisted of 35 students at SDN Bangbayang 1. Data was collected through written  tests before and after the intervention. The results showed that the experimental group  experienced a significant increase in the average posttest score compared to the pretest, while the control group only showed a slight increase in the posttest and pretest. The conclusion of this research is that the integration of the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL)model is effective in improving students' expository writing skills.    

Students' mathematics learning outcomes are relatively low in Mathematics subjects. The aim of this research is to improve student learning outcomes with the Problem Based Learning learning model. PBL is carried out by applying the principles of Understanding by Design (UbD). Each cycle consists of planning, implementation, observation and reflection. This research was carried out in class VII C of SMP 8 Denpasar with 41 students as subjects. This research uses test and non-test instruments in the form of student learning outcomes tests and interviews. The results of the research carried out were that in Cycle I the percentage of students who completed was 48.78%, then in Cycle II the percentage of completion was 78.05%, because the students' grades had met the specified classical completeness so the research was stopped in Cycle II. Based on these results, it can be concluded that there has been an increase in student learning outcomes in Mathematics learning by implementing PBL with the principle of UBD.

Real analysis is a course that requires formal proof of a formal definition. Almost all students have difficulty learning real analysis. These problems require the provision of learning models that can serve students who learn real analysis. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview or description of the Model to improve the quality of real analysis lectures. The method used in this study is Systematic Literature Review. The results of the study concluded that models to improve the quality of real analysis lectures are very diverse. Learning models such as the use of Flow Proof and Extended Triad Level ++ Learning Models, to the application of learning modules such as Project-Based Learning Modules can be effectively and efficiently used to improve the quality of real analysis lectures.

This research aims to determine the difference in student learning outcomes regarding linear equations and inequality taught using the PBL model compared to student learning outcomes taught using the Direct Instruction model. This research is quasi-experimental. The samples in the research were class X-IPA as an experimental class with a total of 17 students. The instrument used in this research consisted of a learning outcomes test in the form of a written test in the form of an essay with material on linear equations and inequalities. The data collection technique is through observation and tests in the form of evaluation questions. The test is carried out twice. Namely, the pretest is carried out at the beginning of the research to determine students' achievement scores before treatment, and the posttest is carried out in both control and experimental groups after treatment. Based on hypothesis testing using independent test statistics (T-test), tcount = 3.596 and ttable = 1.694 at a significance level of ⍺ = 0.05. The research results show that the tcount value is more significant than ttable because (3.596 > 1.694) with a sig (2-tailed) value of 0.014 < 0.05 so it can be said that there is a significant difference in the learning outcomes of the experimental group using the PBL model and the control group using the Direct Instruction learning model which means that there is an influence of the application of the PBL learning model on the learning outcomes of class X students at SMA Negeri 2 Tondano.

Understanding and determining fold symmetry is a competency that is difficult for students to achieve, either because the learning does not attract student enthusiasm or the students themselves do not have the motivation to learn about fold symmetry. In connection with this, this research was conducted with the aim of knowing student learning outcomes on folded symmetry material using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model. This research is a type of research that uses quantitative descriptive methods with an approach in the form of a classroom action approach. The source of this research comes from SD Negri 079 Pajagalan and the subjects in this research are class III students at SD Negri 079 Pajagalan. The technique for collecting data on student learning outcomes is carried out through tests in the form of test questions from evaluations and student worksheets. Then the data obtained was analyzed descriptively. Research that has been conducted shows that the difficulties experienced by students actually come from the questions given not being in accordance with the students' cognitive abilities.

One of the learning models included in the 2013 curriculum is the problem-based learning model. The PBL learning model is expected to improve the problem solving abilities of as many students as their problem solving abilities are considered to be still low. The aim of the research carried out by researchers was to determine and verify the impact of implementing the problem-based learning (PBL) model on students' abilities in solving problems, especially mathematics. This research uses a qualitative method by interviewing 4 informants from Pelangi Elementary School. The results of this research are that the problem-based learning (PBL) model has a positive impact on students' problem-solving abilities.

Problem solving is a planned process that needs to be carried out in order to obtain a solution to a particular problem that requires systematic resolution steps. Systematic methods are used in the learning process to solve problems or face challenges needed in everyday life. The research method used is the Literature Review System with writing stages, namely data planning, screening, extraction, analysis. Search literature studies using google scholar data base using the Publish or Perish application. The use of the Math City Map approach can affect the problem-solving ability of students in mathematics learning. The use of the Math City Map approach helps learners understand and solve math problems better and effectively develop problem-solving skills. Learning outside the classroom using MCM applications provides a more immersive and challenging experience for students, helps them apply knowledge, and improves social and personal skills.

The first step in the problem-based learning model is to expose pupils to actual or simulated challenges. When presented with this topic, students will understand that in order to solve it, they will need to apply critical thinking techniques, take a methodical approach, and integrate data from several scientific disciplines. Through student observations in the school environment, particularly the school garden, this experimental study seeks to ascertain the impact of the problem-based learning model (PBM) on student learning outcomes in ecosystem content in class X SMA Negeri 2 Tondano. A pretest-posttest control group design was employed in the study procedure. Sixty people were randomly selected from each of the two courses; the experimental class was treated using a problem-based learning model, while the control class was treated using a traditional learning model. Tests with objectives are employed as tools. Testing the normalcy and homogeneity tests—two criteria for data analysis—comes first and is followed by hypothesis testing. The study's findings revealed that the experimental class's average learning outcome was 98.16, while the control class's average learning outcome was 81.63. As a result, student learning outcomes can be enhanced by the problem-based learning model (PBM).