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Conflict is an inevitable phenomenon in organizations and educational institutions, and if not managed properly can have a negative impact on performance, effectiveness, and interpersonal relationships. However, conflict also has the potential to be a catalyst for improvement if managed appropriately. Therefore, it is important to systematically examine the stages of conflict, their impacts, and relevant management strategies. This study aims to answer the following questions: (1) How are the stages of conflict identified in various organizational and educational contexts? (2) What are the impacts of conflict on organizations? and (3) What management strategies are most effectively implemented? The method used was a literature review by searching articles through national and international databases using the keywords stages of conflict, conflict management, and education. Of the 73 initial articles, 18 primary articles were selected for thematic analysis. The analysis revealed three main findings: (1) conflict generally develops through stages of latency, escalation, and overt manifestation; (2) conflict negatively impacts performance if left unchecked, but can be constructive if managed; and (3) effective conflict management strategies are contextual, combining structural, interpersonal, and cultural-religious value approaches. In conclusion, this literature highlights the need for adaptive conflict management to maintain organizational stability. Further research is suggested to explore integrative models of conflict management based on local values and educational practices.

This study aims to analyze the influence of organizational culture, work environment, and workplace boredom on employee performance through Cyberloafing behavior among employees at PT Geo Dipa Energi (Persero). The research employed a survey method with a quantitative descriptive approach, enabling systematic collection of numerical data to identify relationships among variables. The sample consisted of 339 employees selected purposively to reflect diverse perceptions regarding organizational culture, working conditions, and levels of boredom. Data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), which allows testing both direct and indirect effects among variables. The results indicate that organizational culture, work environment, and workplace boredom significantly affect employee performance, both directly and through Cyberloafing behavior. Cyberloafing was found to mediate the relationship between organizational culture, work environment, and employee boredom with performance, thereby either strengthening or weakening the influence of these variables on work outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of managing an organizational culture that promotes productivity, improving a conducive work environment, and reducing employee boredom levels. Additionally, controlling Cyberloafing behavior is crucial for optimizing employee performance. The study provides practical implications for the management of PT Geo Dipa Energi (Persero) in designing effective policies and programs to enhance work efficiency and employee satisfaction.

This study investigates the impact of taste and service quality on customer loyalty, with customer satisfaction serving as a mediating variable, at Dapoer MbokSum Kediri. The research adopts a quantitative approach, utilizing both primary and secondary data sources. Primary data were obtained through the distribution of structured questionnaires to customers, while secondary data were collected via interviews with the business owner and direct field observations to gain a deeper understanding of operational practices. A total of 120 respondents were selected through accidental sampling, ensuring that participants met specific criteria relevant to the study objectives. The data analysis was conducted using SmartPLS 4.0, incorporating validity and reliability testing to ensure the robustness of the measurement instruments, as well as hypothesis testing to evaluate the relationships between variables. The results of the analysis indicate that both taste and service quality exert significant and positive influences on customer satisfaction. Furthermore, service quality demonstrates a significant and direct positive effect on customer loyalty. In contrast, taste does not show a direct influence on loyalty, suggesting that its effect on loyalty is more indirect and mediated by satisfaction Additionally, the mediation analysis confirms that customer satisfaction plays a critical role in linking both taste and service quality to customer loyalty. This implies that while customers may appreciate the taste of food, it is their overall satisfaction—encompassing both taste and service experiences—that ultimately drives loyalty. The study highlights the importance for culinary businesses, particularly in the competitive food service industry, to focus not only on product quality but also on delivering excellent service to enhance satisfaction and foster long-term customer relationships. The findings provide practical insights for Dapoer MbokSum Kediri and similar establishments to strategically prioritize service quality improvements alongside maintaining food taste to maximize customer retention and loyalty.

This study aims to determine the effect of promotion, price, and brand image on consumer purchasing decisions in the Cap Fajar Chips Home Industry. The study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. The study population is consumers who have made purchases at the store, with a total of 150 respondents selected as a sample. The data collection method is carried out through distributing questionnaires, then the data is analyzed using multiple linear regression techniques to test the effect of each independent variable, both partially and simultaneously, on purchasing decisions. The results of the analysis show that the promotion variable (X1) does not have a partial significant effect on purchasing decisions, as evidenced by a significance value of 0.502 (> 0.05). This indicates that the intensity or form of promotion carried out is not enough to directly influence consumer purchasing decisions. In contrast to promotions, the price variable (X2) is proven to have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. A significance value of 0.000 (< 0.05) indicates that competitive and affordable pricing is an important factor that encourages consumers to choose Cap Fajar chips products. Similarly, the brand image variable (X3) has a partial significant influence on purchasing decisions, with a significance value of 0.013 (<0.05). This indicates that consumers' positive perceptions of brand reputation and quality can strengthen the desire to purchase. Simultaneously, the three variables—promotion, price, and brand image—have a significant influence on consumer purchasing decisions. This finding is evidenced by a significance value of 0.001 (<0.05). Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that price and brand image are the dominant elements that determine purchasing decisions for Cap Fajar chips, while promotions require a more effective strategy to provide a real impact.

Entrepreneurial management is a process that involves the ability of individuals to create, manage, and develop businesses effectively in order to survive and compete in the midst of dynamic market changes. In this context, interest, creativity, and connections are important factors that can drive the success of a business, especially in the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) sector. This study aims to analyze the influence of interest (X1), creativity (X2), and connection (X3) on business success (Y) in food MSME actors in Sumberejo Village. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. The main instrument used in data collection is a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability. The number of respondents in this study was 77 people, who were selected using purposive sampling techniques based on certain criteria such as the length of business and the type of food products produced. Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression with the help of statistical software. The results of the study show that the variables of interest, creativity, and connection simultaneously or partially have a positive and significant effect on the success of MSME businesses. Thus, MSME actors who have a high interest in entrepreneurship, are able to create product innovations, and have a wide network of relationships, tend to have a greater chance of achieving business success. This research suggests the need for entrepreneurship training that not only focuses on the technical aspects of production, but also the development of soft skills and social networks. Thus, the empowerment of MSMEs in rural areas will be more optimal and sustainable. These findings are expected to be a reference for village governments, training institutions, and other related parties in formulating strategies to strengthen MSMEs in rural areas.

This study aims to analyze the marketing strategies implemented and customer perception of MSMEs of Various Muzzaki Chips in Subang Regency. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study method. Data is collected through interviews with MSME owners, employees, and customers, which are then analyzed to identify the effectiveness of marketing strategies and customer perception of the products and services provided. The focus of the research includes the implementation of marketing strategies based on the concept of Segmenting, Targeting, and Positioning (STP), as well as the 4P (Product, Price, Place, Promotion) marketing mix. In addition, the evaluation of customer perception is carried out based on five dimensions of service quality, namely Tangibility, Empathy, Responsibility, Responsiveness, and Assurance. The results of the study show that MSMEs Aneka Keripik Muzzaki have implemented the STP strategy on target, namely targeting consumers aged 15-45 years, including students, employees, and housewives. The marketing mix strategy used is quite effective, starting from the development of innovative and quality products, affordable pricing, distribution through direct and online channels, and promotion through social media such as WhatsApp and Instagram. Customer perception of MSMEs tends to be positive, as can be seen from their satisfaction with the taste, packaging, price, and service provided. These results reflect the success of the marketing strategy implemented in building customer loyalty and increasing business competitiveness. It is recommended that MSMEs continue to improve the quality of products and services and expand their marketing reach through digital platforms to achieve sustainable growth.

This study aims to analyze the influence of capital structure, company size, and liquidity on the financial performance of manufacturing companies in the food and beverage sub-sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2019–2023 period. The food and beverage industry is one of the sectors that has a significant contribution to national economic growth, so understanding the factors that affect its financial performance is crucial. The method used is a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis techniques to test the relationships between variables. The data used comes from the annual financial statements of companies that are included in the sub-sector for the past five years. The results of the study show that partially, the capital structure has a significant influence on the company's financial performance, which is shown by a calculated t-value of 6.414 and a significance value of 0.000 (< 0.05). These findings indicate that the more optimal the capital structure managed by the company, the better its financial performance. On the other hand, company size and liquidity do not show a significant influence on financial performance. The company size has a t-value of -1.493 with a significance of 0.140 (> 0.05), while liquidity has a t-value of 0.765 with a significance of 0.447 (> 0.05). However, simultaneously, these three independent variables together have a significant effect on financial performance, as shown by a calculated F-value of 19,527 and a significance value of 0.000 (< 0.05). The results of this study provide important implications for company management to pay more attention to the management of capital structure, as it is the dominant factor in influencing financial performance. Optimizing capital structure can be used as a strategy to increase the efficiency and competitiveness of the company in the midst of the dynamics of the food and beverage industry.

This study aims to analyze the influence of Product Quality, Price, Sales Promotion, and Advertising on consumer purchasing decisions on the Bukalapak online store platform. This study used a quantitative approach with descriptive methods, aiming to illustrate the relationships between variables based on empirical data. Primary data were obtained by distributing questionnaires to 120 respondents who were active Bukalapak users in the West Medan District. The data analysis technique used was multiple linear regression with the aid of SPSS software to determine the effect of each independent variable on the dependent variable. The analysis results indicate that, partially, the variables Product Quality, Sales Promotion, and Advertising have a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions. This means that the higher the product quality, the more effective the promotion, and the more attractive the advertisement, the greater the likelihood of consumers making a purchase. Conversely, the variable Price showed a negative and significant influence, indicating that inappropriate pricing can reduce purchase intention. Simultaneously, all four variables have a significant influence on purchasing decisions. The Adjusted R Square value of 70.4% indicates that this research model is able to explain 70.4% of the variation in purchasing decisions, while the dependent variable is influenced by factors outside the model. This study recommends that Bukalapak continue to improve product quality, develop competitive pricing strategies, strengthen promotions, and create creative advertising. Further research is recommended to consider additional variables such as product reviews, brand image, and service quality to enrich the analysis.

This study aims to identify risk management processes and analyze management strategies that can be implemented by Pineapple Chips MSMEs in Kualu Nenas Village. The approach refers to the ISO 31000 framework, which includes risk identification, analysis, evaluation, and management. The results show that the most significant risks are in the high category, especially financial and operational risks, such as fluctuations in raw material prices, product damage due to improper storage, and limited human resources in marketing and production management. To minimize the impact of risks, a thorough analysis and appropriate mitigation strategies are required. The implementation of systematic risk management is considered capable of reducing potential losses, increasing business resilience, and strengthening the position of MSMEs in facing market dynamics. This approach is also crucial in maintaining business continuity, increasing consumer trust, and maintaining business reputation.  

PT Unilever Indonesia’s strategic application is examined through the Balanced Scorecard framework, focusing on four key perspectives: financial, customer, internal business processes, and learning and growth. The analysis reveals that while the company demonstrates strong financial performance, such as high ROI and ROE, challenges like declining annual profits and increasing liabilities signal the need for improved cost management and risk mitigation. Unilever's strategy emphasizes innovation and customer relationships, leveraging Total Quality Management (TQM) and continuous product enhancements. However, internal issues such as employee work culture, inadequate facilities, and employee satisfaction remain significant obstacles to organizational performance. The findings suggest a need for stronger employee engagement and workplace improvements, alongside enhanced financial sustainability strategies. Future research could explore how external factors, such as shifting market trends and government regulations, influence Unilever’s strategic decisions and overall success.

MSMEs play a crucial role in the economy, yet many still struggle to adopt technology. This engagement aims to support the development of Toko Kue Aminah through digital marketing and product innovation. The activities were conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation during May 2025 in Oimbo Village. The results show that strategies such as utilizing Facebook and WhatsApp Business, adding product variations, and improving packaging and logo successfully enhanced the appeal and reach of the business. Furthermore, partnerships with local coffee shops have started to form, expanding product distribution. The synergy between digital marketing and product innovation has proven essential in boosting the business's competitiveness

This study aims to analyze the influence of working capital management, leverage, and institutional ownership on the profitability of consumer goods companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2019–2023 period, while also examining company size as a moderating variable. The consumer goods sector, which has a large market potential in Indonesia, makes it essential to understand how these financial aspects affect company performance. Working capital management plays a crucial role in maintaining liquidity and operational efficiency, leverage determines the extent to which companies rely on debt financing, and institutional ownership reflects external monitoring that can drive managerial discipline. Company size is considered a moderating factor that could strengthen or weaken these relationships, especially in influencing profitability levels. Using a quantitative approach, the research findings reveal that each of the main variables—working capital management, leverage, and institutional ownership—partially and significantly affects profitability. More specifically, company size is found to moderate the effect of leverage on profitability, indicating that larger firms may be better positioned to optimize debt usage compared to smaller firms. This study not only provides empirical evidence regarding financial determinants of profitability but also enriches the discussion on how moderating factors such as firm size can influence the dynamics of corporate financial performance. The findings are expected to provide valuable insights for stakeholders, including managers seeking to optimize financial policies, investors evaluating company performance, and academics or researchers interested in exploring further implications for corporate governance and financial strategy in emerging markets like Indonesia. In conclusion, the study highlights the importance of managing financial variables strategically to sustain profitability in the highly competitive consumer goods industry.

Human resource development (HRD) is a fundamental pillar in the management of Islamic education, especially in the era of globalization and the industrial revolution 4.0. Islamic educational institutions are required to produce graduates who are not only religious but also competent, ethical, and adaptive. This study aims to identify effective HRD strategies to improve the quality of Islamic educational institutions. The research employs a qualitative approach with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation in several Islamic educational institutions. The findings reveal that strategies such as training, internships, scholarships, mentorship, collaboration, performance evaluation, spiritual development, technology implementation, and innovation play vital roles. The integration of Islamic values in recruitment, training, and career development is also crucial. However, challenges such as limited funding, lack of competent human resources, and insufficient leadership attention remain obstacles. This study emphasizes the need for innovation in HRD to overcome these barriers. It is expected that the findings provide practical solutions for Islamic educational institutions to achieve educational goals, produce quality graduates, enhance competitiveness, and contribute positively to society.

This study aims to analyze the influence of Brand Image and Social Media Promotion on Purchase Decisions, with Consumer Satisfaction as an intervening variable in Balisijuk.id in Payakumbuh. In the digital era, a strong Brand Image and effective promotion strategies through social media are important factors in attracting interest and increasing Consumer Satisfaction, which ultimately influences purchase decisions. This research method uses a quantitative approach with purposive sampling techniques. Data was collected through questionnaires distributed to Balisijuk.id consumers. Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression models and path analysis to test the direct and indirect relationships between variables. The results of the study show that Brand Image and Social Media Promotion have a significant effect on Consumer Satisfaction. Furthermore, Consumer Satisfaction proved to be an intervening variable that strengthened the relationship between Brand Image, Social Media Promotion, and Purchase Decision. In other words, the more positive the Brand Image and the more effective the Social Media Promotion, the higher the Consumer Satisfaction, which ultimately drives the Purchase Decision. This research provides practical implications for business actors, especially Balisijuk.id, in designing more effective marketing strategies through strengthening Brand Image and optimizing Social Media Promotion to increase consumer satisfaction and purchase decisions Balisijuk.id.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of leadership style and work stress on turnover intention. A quantitative approach was employed, with the research focusing on a causal, or cause-and-effect, relationship. Data were collected through surveys using questionnaires distributed to participants selected as the study's subjects. Causal research aims to identify the cause-and-effect relationships between variables, specifically the independent and dependent variables. This study utilized a saturated sampling technique, where the entire population—comprising 35 employees—was included in the sample. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis was conducted using the Smart PLS 3.2.9 software. The study's findings revealed that leadership style directly influences turnover intention, while work stress does not significantly impact turnover intention.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of store atmosphere and customer lifestyle on purchasing behavior, focusing specifically on Parewa customers. Employing a quantitative survey methodology, the research integrates an explanatory approach with a correlational design to explore the relationships between these variables. The study follows a cross-sectional framework, with data collected at a single point in time. The individual purchaser serves as the unit of analysis, and the research is carried out within a natural, real-world environment. The findings demonstrate a statistically significant and positive correlation between store atmosphere and customers' purchasing decisions. This implies that an inviting and comfortable store environment increases the likelihood of customer purchases at Parewa. Additionally, the results show a significant positive correlation between lifestyle and purchasing behavior, suggesting that customers with enhanced lifestyles are more inclined to purchase Parewa products. These insights underline the importance of aligning store ambiance and customer lifestyle preferences to drive sales effectively.  

Creating a positive work environment through effective conflict management plays a crucial and important role in fostering a productive and harmonious workplace. It was found that conflict resolution techniques such as mediation, negotiation, and a collaborative approach can reduce tension and strengthen relationships among employees. Open communication also proves to be a key factor in managing conflicts constructively, with companies that have transparent communication policies being more capable of creating a harmonious work atmosphere. A proactive approach by managers in handling potential conflicts, as well as ongoing training in conflict resolution, also plays a significant role in creating a healthy and productive environment.

PT. Pelayaran Nasional Indonesia (PELNI) is a company engaged in the field of marine transportation services, namely passenger ships, roro ships, container ships, pioneer ships and so on. Therefore, the importance of "service" to customer satisfaction (passengers) is very influential. Customer service can be defined as all forms of customer service in the form of services and in the form of goods which in principle are the responsibility and are carried out by PT. Pelayaran Nasional Indonesia (PELNI) Medan Branch, in order to fulfill the needs of the community and comply with regulations and laws.

The aim of this research is to determine the influence of packaging, product quality and price on purchasing decisions for Mina Sari freshwater fish chips in Wonogiri. The type of research used was quantitative research, where the population taken was 50 buyers of Mina Sari freshwater fish chips, with a research sample of 25 people. The sampling method is probability sampling and data collection is using a questionnaire. Data analysis by means of research instrument tests includes validity tests, reliability tests, classic assumption tests including normality tests, multicollinearity tests, and heteroscedasticity tests, hypothesis tests include T tests, F tests, and R tests. The resulting research is the significant influence of packaging on decisions Purchase of Mina Sari Wonogiri freshwater fish chips. The significant influence of product quality on purchasing decisions for Mina Sari Wonogiri freshwater fish chips. The significant influence of price on the decision to purchase Mina Sari Wonogiri freshwater fish chips. Packaging, product quality and price simultaneously influence the decision to purchase Mina Sari freshwater fish chips in Wonogiri.

Effective Human Resources (HR) management is the key to the success of every company in achieving its strategic goals. In this context, recruitment, selection and placement of employees plays an important role as the first process that determines the quality and performance of a company's workforce. This study covers recruitment, selection, factors influencing selection, as well as the recruitment and selection process. The data collected is analyzed comprehensively to identify patterns, trends, and relationships between the recruitment and selection process, its factors, and placement in organizational performance. The results of this study are intended to provide valuable insights for human resource managers. The practical implications of this research will lead to the development of selection factors, more accurate recruitment and selection processes, and more targeted staff placement, which will ultimately improve overall organizational performance.