This research aims to understand and analyze the forms of work agreements implemented by micro and small enterprises, as well as the implications of the forms of work agreements for legal protection for workers in micro and small enterprises. Every citizen has the right to have work and a decent life. To obtain work, workers need to have an employment relationship with the employer. This employment relationship occurs based on a work agreement made by the employer and the employee which can be made in writing or verbally. The work agreement contains the rights and obligations of both parties, therefore the work agreement is very important as a form of legal protection. It's just that in reality there are still many employment relationships that are not based on employment agreements, such as employment relationships in micro and small enterprises. The absence of a work agreement means that workers' rights and obligations are not fulfilled, and legal protection for them is not strong. The research method used is an empirical juridical method. The research results show that employers/employers make work agreements with their workers in verbal form for an indefinite period of time and do not make appointment letters for their workers. This has implications for legal protection for workers which becomes weak because there is no written proof of the agreement made. The use of verbal employment agreements in micro and small enterprises weakens legal protection for workers, thus policies are needed to encourage the implementation of written employment agreements to enhance legal certainty.



Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami dan menganalisis bentuk perjanjian kerja yang diterapkan oleh usaha mikro dan kecil, serta implikasi bentuk perjanjian kerja terhadap perlindungan hukum bagi pekerja pada usaha mikro dan kecil. Setiap warga negara berhak untuk memiliki pekerja dan kehidupan yang layak. Untuk memperoleh pekerjaan, pekerja perlu menjalani hubungan kerja dengan pemberi kerja. Hubungan kerja tersebut terjadi atas perjanjian kerja yang dilakukan oleh pemberi kerja dengan pekerja yang dapat dibuat secara tertulis atau lisan. Di dalam perjanjian kerja termuat hak dan kewajiban kedua belah pihak, oleh karena itu perjanjian kerja sangat penting sebagai suatu bentuk perlindungan hukum. Hanya saja pada kenyataannya masih banyak hubungan kerja yang tidak didasarkan pada perjanjian kerja, seperti pada hubungan kerja di usaha mikro dan kecil. Ketiadaan perjanjian kerja itu memungkinkan adanya hak dan kewajiban pekerja yang tidak terpenuhi, serta perlindungan hukum bagi mereka tidak kuat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode yuridis empiris. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pengusaha/pemberi kerja membuat perjanjian kerja dengan pekerjanya dalam bentuk lisan untuk waktu tidak tertentu dan tidak membuat surat pengangkatan untuk pekerjanya. Hal ini berimplikasi terhadap perlindungan hukum bagi pekerja yang menjadi lemah karena tidak ada bukti tertulis dari kesepakatan yang dibuat. Penggunaan perjanjian kerja lisan pada UMK melemahkan perlindungan hukum bagi pekerja, sehingga diperlukan kebijakan yang mendorong penerapan perjanjian kerja tertulis untuk meningkatkan kepastian hukum.

This research aims to examine the position of forensic laboratory analysis results within the legal system based on Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, and the function of forensic laboratory results as evidence in narcotics criminal cases at the Sukoharjo Police Resort. The forensic laboratory plays an important role in proving narcotics cases, including in the Sukoharjo Police Resort area, by ensuring the identification of the type and concentration of narcotics as valid evidence in court. Unlike previous studies, the focus of this research is on the validity of forensic evidence in supporting justice in narcotics cases, particularly in the Sukoharjo area. The research method used is normative juridical with an analytical approach to relevant legislation, as well as using primary data from Law Number 35 of 2009, the Criminal Procedure Code, and the Police Medical Regulations. Research findings indicate that forensic laboratories play a central role in proving drug-related crimes by providing valid scientific analysis, which also influences judges' considerations in the criminal justice system. Law Number 35 of 2009 has provided a clear legal basis, but the validity of forensic laboratory results can be questioned if there is damage or contamination of the evidence. This study highlights the importance of more optimal forensic evidence management at Sukoharjo Police Station and recommends the enhancement of quality control procedures to minimize these obstacles in order to ensure justice and legal certainty.




Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kedudukan hasil analisis laboratorium forensik dalam sistem hukum berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika, serta fungsi hasil laboratorium forensik sebagai alat bukti dalam kasus tindak pidana Narkotika di Kepolisian Resor Sukoharjo. Laboratorium forensik memiliki peranan penting dalam pembuktian perkara Narkotika, termasuk di wilayah Polres Sukoharjo, dengan memastikan identifikasi jenis dan kadar Narkotika sebagai alat bukti yang sah di pengadilan. Berbeda dari penelitian sebelumnya, fokus kajian ini adalah validitas bukti forensik dalam mendukung keadilan kasus Narkotika, terutama di kawasan Sukoharjo. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan analisis terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan yang relevan, serta menggunakan data primer dari Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009, KUHAP, dan Peraturan Kedokteran Kepolisian. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laboratorium forensik memiliki peran sentral dalam pembuktian tindak pidana Narkotika melalui penyediaan analisis ilmiah yang valid, yang turut memengaruhi pertimbangan hakim dalam sistem peradilan pidana. Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 telah memberikan landasan hukum yang jelas, namun validitas hasil laboratorium forensik dapat diragukan jika terjadi kerusakan atau kontaminasi pada barang bukti. Kajian ini menyoroti pentingnya pengelolaan bukti forensik yang lebih optimal di Polres Sukoharjo, serta merekomendasikan peningkatan prosedur pengendalian kualitas untuk meminimalkan hambatan tersebut demi menjamin keadilan dan kepastian hukum.

Aktualisasi pengembangan Kekayaan Intelektual (Intellectual Property Development) dalam rezim Hak Cipta yang merupakan karya turunan (derivative works) melalui media elektronik perlu diimbangi dengan bentuk-bentuk perlindungan ekstra (extra-protection) di luar perlindungan hukum Hak Cipta yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Hak Cipta nasional. Peningkatan kualitas perlindungan Hak Cipta digital diperlukan mengingat obyek Hak Cipta digital sudah semakin bertransformasi ke dalam berbagai bentuk baru yang diikuti dengan adanya kemungkinan akan terjadinya pelanggaran-pelanggaran Hak Cipta digital (Digital Copyright Infringements). Penyelesaian masalah terkait dengan problematika hukum pelanggaran Hak Cipta digital perlu dilakukan melalui pendekatan legal dan teknologi yang akan dibahas melalui penelitian ini ke dalam beberapa bentuk upaya perlindungan hukum dan perlindungan non-hukum sebagai perlindungan yang bersifat komplementer.

This study examines the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in marketing strategy through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. AI has shown a transformative impact by outperforming traditional methods, especially in optimizing big data-based marketing strategies. With the ability to analyze consumer behavior in depth, AI enables businesses to personalize marketing efforts and improve user experiences more efficiently and responsively. However, challenges such as data privacy, high initial investment, and reliance on data quality remain major concerns that must be addressed. This study also evaluates the effectiveness of using AI across marketing channels, which shows significant differences in their impact on business strategy. In addition, the integration of AI-based fitness equipment is considered to have a major contribution in increasing consumer satisfaction while driving online business growth. The results of this study provide valuable insights into the effective implementation of AI, as well as highlight the importance of maintaining data security and implementing AI strategically to provide optimal benefits for consumers and business development.

Perilaku merokok tidak hanya ada di zona sekolah non pesantren, tetapi juga ditemukan di sekolah pesantren. Walaupun dalam pesantren terdapat aturan dilarang merokok, masih banyak santri yang merokok secara sembunyi, dimana salah satu tempat yang paling sering dijadikan tempat merokok mereka adalah di dalam kamar mandi asrama dan perilaku tersebut merupakan suatu pelanggaran. Pondok pesantren salafiyah safi’iyah sukorejo merupakan salah satu pondok pesantren yang sangat melarang para santrinya untuk merokok. Bahkan pelarangan merokok ini merupakan pelanggaran yang berat, dimana santri yang ketahuan merokok bisa langsung di keluarkan dari pondok. Salah satu solusi dari permasalahan ini yaitu  bagaimana merancang alat pendeteksi asap rokok berbasis IoT menggunakan sensor MQ-135 dan mikrokontroler ESP32-CAM, serta bagaimana sistem ini tidak hanya mendeteksi asap tetapi juga mengirimkan notifikasi lokasi dan mengambil gambar kejadian untuk dokumentasi.

Hydroponic plant cultivation is booming, but stock and sales are hard to predict. Poor prediction can cause farmers to overstock and lose money. This study suggests a framework that uses several machine learning models, including Linear Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT), and Extreme Gradient Boosting. "Ensemble Learning," which combines these models, should yield more accurate and generalizable results than a single model. This framework is assessed using historical hydroponic plant sales data and related factors like price, weather, and market trends. The model's performance is measured by the difference between predictions and actual values using RMSE and MAE metrics. This framework should improve hydroponic plant stock and sales predictions. Farmers can make better production, inventory, and harvest distribution decisions. Besides reducing financial losses, this reduces food waste and improves food security.

The management of service centers at the Indonesian Rede Cross (PMI) in East Jakarta is still conducted manually, which slows down service processes and increases the likelihood of data processing erorrs. This research aims to design a Java-based application to automate patient registration, admission, handling, emergency services, available ambulance data, and the preparation of reports as quickly as possible. The application was developed using the Java programming language with a prototype model approach in software development. Testing results indicate that this application successfully enhances the efficiency and accuracy of PMI East Jakarta’s operations, particularly in managing data related to patients, actions, personnel, and ambulance availability. It is hoped that this application can be integrated with other PMI regions to establish a more structured and connected service management system.

The role of information and communication technology in education in general aims to make students understand information and communication technology tools in general, including computers (literacy) and information literacy, where students recognize the terms used in information and communication technology. In the Qur'an there are so many commands, statements, suggestions and so on that substantially connect Islamic teachings with science and technology. The results of this research found that the role of information technology in education, apart from helping students in learning, also has a quite influential role for teachers, especially in the use of facilities to enrich teaching abilities, and the Al-Qur'an as a guide and guidance for the development of science and technology. in order to strengthen faith and improve human welfare.

This research aims to analyze the impact of a new coil winding design in 3-phase induction motor on effiiciency, with the objective of creating a new 3-phase induction motor with improved performance. The research was conducted in the Electric Power System Laboratority, Department of Electrical Engineering, Padang Institute of Technology, and focuses solely on efficiency and its relationship to motor output power. The study involved redesigning the coils of a conventional 3-phase induction motor into a 6-phase coil design without altering the motor’s position, followed by testing both motors and comparing the efficiency of the conventional 3-phase induction motor with that of the redesigned 6-phase motor using the asymmetrical double methode. The result show that the efficiency of the 6-phase coil-designed motor increased compared to the conventional 3-phase induction motor.   importance of maintaining data security and implementing AI strategically to provide optimal benefits for consumers and business development.

PT Astra International BMW Semarang is a company operating in the automotive sector with 3 supporting pillars, namely Sales, Aftersales and Spare Parts for BMW car units. The availability of spare parts is one of the determining factors for consumer satisfaction with the company because if the spare parts stock is empty it will cause consumer disappointment with the company. By using spare parts sales transaction data for the period January 2019 – June 2023, totaling 52,162, it will be utilized using data mining association techniques with the a priori algorithm and the eclat algorithm. The problem in this research is how to find out consumer purchasing patterns so that there is no shortage or empty stock of spare parts in the warehouse. This research aims to determine the association of spare parts purchasing patterns in sales transactions so that partman get recommendations in making decisions about providing priority types of spare parts. This research methodology uses CRISP-DM (Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining) and is implemented with the R programming language with R studio software. In 3 trials using the Apriori algorithm and 3 trials with the Eclat algorithm, The result with the highest confidence appears in a combination of 3 itemsets with minimum support 0.01 and confidence 0.9, namely if a customer buys B11.42.8.593.186 (Set oil-filter Mx) and B83.12.5.A1A.683 (Washer Cleaner) then they will also buy Z99000000333 ( BMW Engine Oil) with confidence 1.00 or 100%. From the results of this association's analysis, it can be used as advice for the management of PT Astra International BMW Semarang in managing spare parts stock.