Linguistics plays a crucial role in studying and understanding the structure of language, including in the context of Arabic. The Arabic language, with its complex system of morphology, syntax, and phonology, requires an in-depth linguistic approach to analyze its grammatical structure. This study aims to explore how linguistic theories, such as phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics, contribute to understanding the basic structure of Arabic. Through linguistic approaches, a clearer and more structured understanding of sentence structure, word patterns, and the relationships between language elements can be achieved. This paper also discusses the challenges faced in applying linguistic theories to Arabic, as well as the importance of a linguistic approach in teaching Arabic to non-native speakers. The findings of this study are expected to provide broader insights into the role of linguistics in learning and teaching Arabic more effectively and systematically. 

Stroberi merupakan salah satu komoditas hortikultura yang mempunyai potensi ekonomi yang tinggi. Adanya  peningkatan pengembangan usahatani stoberi sehingga banyak petani yang melakukan usahatani dan tujuanya untuk meningkatkan produksi stroberi dan salah satu sumber pendapatan utama petani saat ini adalah stroberi. Produksi dalam penelitian ini berkaitan dengan hasi usahatani stroberi yang dipengaruh oleh beberapa faktor yang terjadi di Desa Pandanrejo Kecamatan bumiaji, Kota Batu Jawa Timur. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor  produksi terhadap pendapatan usahatani stroberi California di desa Pandanrejo, Kecamatan Bumiaji Kota Batu Jawa Timur. Mengetahui faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi terhadap pendapatan. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan didalam penelitian ini sebanyak 30 reponden, dengan penentuan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah uji F (simultan), uji t (parsial) dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui faktor yang dominan pengaruh  terhadap pendapatan usahatani stroberi yaitu dengan membandingkan  nilai beta (ß) atau besarnya koefisien  beta (ß) pada hasil uji t (parsial). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa secara simultan  variabel bebas (X) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel terikat (Y) pendapatan usahatani. Variabel yang secara parsial yang berpengaruh adalah luas lahan. Variabel tenaga kerja dan modal tidak berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan usahatani stroberi. Faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi pendapatan usahatni stroberi adalah luas lahan. Nilai koefisen  beta (ß) dari luas lahan lebih besar dari nilai tenaga kerja dan modal

Pondok pesantren memiliki peran strategis dalam membangun sumber daya manusia yang kompeten dalam bidang keagamaan sekaligus mandiri secara ekonomi. Dalam menghadapi tantangan globalisasi, kemandirian pesantren dapat diperkuat melalui program kewirausahaan yang memberikan manfaat ekonomi, pemberdayaan santri, dan kontribusi pada masyarakat sekitar. Penelitian ini berfokus pada analisis program kewirausahaan di Pondok Pesantren Al Kautsar 561 yang meliputi budidaya bioflok ikan nila dan melon di greenhouse, menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Metode ini mencakup pengumpulan data melalui FGD dengan pengurus yayasan, guru, santri, dan masyarakat sekitar.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program kewirausahaan mampu menciptakan kemandirian pesantren melalui pendapatan tambahan yang digunakan untuk beasiswa dan operasional. Pelatihan kewirausahaan memberikan santri keterampilan praktis di bidang agribisnis dan akuakultur, seperti sistem bioflok dan teknologi greenhouse. Selain itu, program ini juga memperkuat hubungan pesantren dengan masyarakat melalui kolaborasi ekonomi berbasis komunitas, menciptakan lapangan kerja, dan meningkatkan ketahanan ekonomi lokal. Meskipun demikian, tantangan seperti keterbatasan sumber daya dan akses teknologi masih dihadapi. Solusi berupa kemitraan strategis dengan pihak eksternal serta pelatihan pemasaran digital dapat mendukung keberlanjutan program.

The development of organic vegetable marketing strategies is essential for increasing sales and expanding the market reach of these products. The first step is conducting market and consumer analysis to understand consumer preferences and behaviour, as well as identifying potential market segments. Product development should focus on maintaining the quality and consistency and innovating by introducing new varieties or processed products. This research aims to formulate effective marketing development strategies to increase the sales of organic vegetables at CV. Kurnia Kitri Ayu Farm, Malang. The main focus is identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the marketing development strategy for organic vegetables using SWOT Analysis. The population and sample include the 36 employees and consumers. The research results show that the total score for strengths is 4.48 and the total score for weaknesses is 2.26, giving a total score of 6.74. The total score for opportunities is 4.64 and the total score for threats is 1.51, resulting in a total score of 6.15. The marketing development strategy falls in quadrant I, which involves leveraging opportunities and maximizing existing strengths. The strategy that should be applied in developing the marketing of organic vegetables to increase sales is an aggressive strategy.

Peradaban manusia berubah setiap saat, mulai dari zaman dahulu hingga sekarang era yang kita kenal sebagai era Gen Z atau Generasi Z. Individu yang lahir antara tahun 1997 dan 2012 disebut sebagai generasi Z. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis faktor harga produk, pendapatan, lingkungan sosial, psikologi konsumen, dan strategi pemasaran dalam mempengaruhi perilaku konsumsi generasi z terhadap pembelian produk makanan pada aplikasi gojek di Kota Malang. Menjawab tujuan penelitian menggunakan analisis regresi, khususnya analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan Faktor yang paling berpengaruh dalam perilaku konsumsi generasi z terhadap pembelian produk makanan pada aplikasi gojek adalah faktor harga produk dan marketing mix dengan nilai signifkan variabel harga produk sebesar 0.40 dan variabel marketing mix 4P sebesar 0.32.
 

Barriers to horticulture in several developing countries, including Indonesia, include low farmer income, limited farmer knowledge, limited farmer land ownership, and weak farmer supply situations. This results in reduced profits for farmers. One way to overcome these obstacles that can be done by the Rukun Tani farmer group is to establish a partnership with PT Agri Makmur Pertiwi. This study aims to analyze the partnership pattern in cucumber hatcheries and its impact on increasing farm income. This research used descriptive qualitative and quantitative methods with a case study approach on 20 respondents who established partnerships with hatchery companies. Data were collected through questionnaires, in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation. Data were tested using the t-test. The results show that the partnership pattern applied is a core-plasma partnership, where the core company provides production facilities, provides guidance, transportation costs, and market guarantees. The farmer group acts as a plasma that provides land, labor, agricultural tools, fertilizers, and manages cucumber farming according to the standards set by the core company. The results of the difference test show that there are differences in income before and after partnering. Income before partnering was IDR 18,053,507.5 and income after partnering was IDR 35,622,807.5.

Chlorophyll is a green pigment that found generally in chloroplast mesofil leaf cell. Chlorophyll is a pigment that easily degredating. Chlorophyll degradation is caused by temperature, light intensity, or environment condition. To keep chlorophyll from degradation, the encapsulation methods can be applied. Encapsulation is a method to coating substrate or raw material such as pigment before applied in food system. The combination of coating is called encapsulation. Pigments need to encapsulated because to protect material from degradation when processing or storaging. This research purpose is to know the influence of different solvent concentration to chlorophyll amount in storaging prosess. The research use Complitely Randomized Design. Encapsulation methods using freeze dryer and measuring chlorophyll amount using spectrophotometre. Measurement of chlorophyll amount after extracting process and encapsulation process. Measurement of chlorophyll stability do within 4 weeks storaging and each week need to measure the chlorophyll amount and half life time calculation is to know the chlorophyll life time. In the encapsulation process there is reduction about 92,18% from 75,4907 ppm to 5,9018 ppm at 50 ml solvent concentration, 75 ml solvent concentration reduction is 92,63% from 66,0438 ppm to 4,8628 ppm and 100 ml solvent concentration reduction is 91,35% from 45,7894 ppm to 3,9567 ppm. Half life time calculation is shown that chlorohyll damaging is happen at 26 days for 50 ml solvent concentration, for 75 ml solvent concentration is happen at 39 days and for 100 ml solvent concentration is happen at 75 days after storaging process.
 
 

This study aims to improve the understanding of addition concepts of numbers 1-10 in first-grade elementary school students through the use of number cube learning media. The research method used is an experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design. The research subjects were first-grade students divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group was taught using number cube learning media, while the control group was taught using conventional methods. Data were collected through tests of understanding the addition concepts of numbers 1-10 before and after learning. The results showed a significant increase in the understanding of addition concepts of numbers 1-10 in the experimental group that used number cube learning media compared to the control group. The use of number cubes provides a concrete and interactive visual representation, thus helping students understand the concept of addition more effectively. This indicates that number cube learning media is effective in improving the understanding of addition concepts of numbers 1-10 in first-grade students. This study recommends the use of number cube learning media as an innovative and effective alternative learning method to improve the understanding of mathematical concepts in young children. Further research can be conducted to investigate the effectiveness of number cube learning media on other mathematical materials and at different educational levels. In addition, further research is needed on the development of more varied and interesting number cube learning media for students.

One of the development efforts within the national development framework, the government/government agencies/institutions at every level carry out development authority for the Public Interest. Based on the concept of the State's Right to Control, the Government, on behalf of the Land State, has the absolute right to regulate, determine and determine land rights for the sake of realizing the welfare of the people. On the other hand, the government has an interest in acquiring land for the public interest. In this research, a juridical study was carried out on what is the state's right to control land in land acquisition for public purposes? And what is the government's authority to acquire land for public purposes? The aim of this research is to determine the state's right to control land for the public interest and to find out what the government's authority is in acquiring land for the public interest. The method used in this research is the Normative Juridical method, namely comprehensively reviewing the legal aspects of statutory provisions related to the settlement of compensation for land acquisition for the public interest. In this research, it was found that the State is only limited to regulating, determining and determining the allocation of land rights, and in procuring land for the public interest, the government or agencies using land as development objects are obliged to provide compensation in accordance with the value determined by the assessment team.

This article contains a discussion about the use of language style as a medium of expression in the lyrics of the song Karya Stand Here Alone with the title introvert, the selection of this song as a research material because in writing the lyrics using an interesting language style with a medium of expression that can make listeners, who especially have an introvert nature as if in accordance with their lives, in addition the selection of this song was chosen because it is one of the favorite songs of researchers who want to further analyze the meaning in the album, especially in the song entitled introvert. The purpose of this study is to analyze the use of language as a medium of expression in the song introvert. The study was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method that uses reading, listening and writing techniques, this study has the potential to be a reference for subsequent research.