This study conducts a comprehensive comparative analysis of one-tier board supervision mechanisms across Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore, examining the effectiveness of corporate governance frameworks in emerging market contexts. The research employs a doctrinal normative legal methodology, analyzing statutory instruments including Indonesia's Job Creation Law No. 6 of 2023, Malaysia's Companies Act 2016, and Singapore's Companies Act 1967. The introduction of Indonesia's Individual Limited Liability Company (PT Perseorangan) represents a significant paradigmatic shift from traditional two-tier governance structures, necessitating examination of supervisory adequacy within simplified corporate frameworks. The comparative analysis reveals fundamental disparities in regulatory sophistication, with Malaysia and Singapore demonstrating comprehensive fiduciary duty frameworks, mandatory company secretary requirements, and graduated enforcement mechanisms. In contrast, Indonesia's PT Perseorangan exhibits critical institutional deficiencies, including normative conflicts between statutory provisions, limited directorial responsibility regulation, and inadequate enforcement responsiveness. The findings demonstrate that effective one-tier governance systems require sophisticated institutional support mechanisms extending beyond regulatory simplification. Malaysia's stringent Section 213 fiduciary duty provisions and Singapore's technology-enabled enforcement approach provide robust oversight despite absent traditional supervisory boards. The research establishes that successful governance transitions require institutional preparation rather than mere regulatory amendment, with Indonesia's framework requiring substantial reform incorporating company secretary mandates, comprehensive fiduciary duty provisions, and graduated enforcement systems. These findings contribute to institutional theory literature by demonstrating context-dependent governance effectiveness and provide practical recommendations for enhancing corporate accountability in simplified governance structures within emerging market jurisdictions.

Mutu pendidikan di Indonesia masih tergolong rendah, baik pada jenjang pendidikan formal maupun informal. Kondisi ini berdampak serius terhadap rendahnya kualitas sumber daya manusia yang dihasilkan, sehingga belum mampu menjawab kebutuhan pembangunan nasional di berbagai sektor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan dan menganalisis permasalahan rendahnya mutu layanan pendidikan serta strategi yang dapat diterapkan untuk meningkatkan kualitasnya melalui pendekatan berbasis sumber daya manusia unggulan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode fenomenologi untuk menggali secara mendalam pengalaman dan pandangan para pelaku pendidikan. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas dua kategori, yaitu: (1) Data primer yang diperoleh langsung dari wawancara mendalam dengan informan yang relevan; dan (2) Data sekunder yang diperoleh dari dokumen, literatur, dan data pendukung lainnya. Peneliti berperan sebagai instrumen utama dalam proses pengumpulan data, yang dilengkapi dengan berbagai teknik seperti observasi, dokumentasi, dan studi pustaka untuk memperoleh data yang valid dan mendalam. Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadap pengembangan kebijakan pendidikan dan strategi peningkatan mutu layanan pendidikan di Indonesia.

This study aims to analyze the effect of rebranding on consumer loyalty, with brand image as a mediating variable—a case study on Twitter’s rebranding to X. A quantitative approach was employed, using a survey method by distributing questionnaires to 134 respondents. The collected data were analyzed using SmartPLS 4 software. The results indicate that rebranding does not have a direct effect on consumer loyalty. However, rebranding has a significant effect on brand image, and brand image, in turn, has a significant effect on consumer loyalty. The results of the indirect effect test, conducted using the bootstrapping method, also show that brand image significantly mediates the relationship between rebranding and consumer loyalty. Based on these findings, companies planning to implement a rebranding strategy are advised to focus on developing a positive, strong, and relevant brand image.

This research examines the relationship between zuhud and psychological well-being can provide broader insights. The phenomenon of zuhud is not only of theoretical value in the study of Sufism, but also has practical significance in shaping human morals. On the other hand, psychological well-being is a condition where individuals feel happy, peaceful, have a purpose in life, and are able to live life positively. So it is important to examine the relationship between zuhud and psychological well-being so that we can understand how spiritual teachings can support mental health amid the challenges of modern life. This study used a qualitative research method with a literature review for the research process. The results of this study concluded that Zuhud is an attitude that releases dependence from the worldly and prioritizes spirituality in the hereafter, by applying zuhud plays a very positive role in shaping inner calm, self-control, and can be grateful at all times.
 
. 

The development of digital technology has driven significant changes in advertising strategies in Indonesia. However, this transformation has also brought new challenges in maintaining ethical standards in marketing communications. This study aims to examine the extent to which the Indonesian Advertising Ethics (Etika Pariwara Indonesia/EPI) is applied in digital advertising practices. Using a qualitative approach and document analysis, this research analyzes several digital advertisements suspected of violating religious, ethical, and consumer protection principles, including honesty and social responsibility. The findings reveal that despite the existence of formal regulations, violations of EPI provisions still occur—particularly on digital platforms that are difficult to monitor directly. This study highlights the importance of strengthening regulations, educating industry players, and encouraging active public participation in monitoring advertising content. Thus, advertising ethics are expected to be preserved in an increasingly fast-paced and digital communication era.

This study analyzes advertising ethics violations in Hanasui’s Instagram advertisement, which claims its serum product as the “No.1 Serum in Indonesia” without adequate data substantiation. The digital era and the high penetration of social media have transformed the advertising landscape but have also opened up opportunities for practices that violate the Indonesian Advertising Ethics (EPI). This research uses a qualitative approach with content analysis and case study methods to examine Hanasui's Instagram advertisements. The analytical framework is based on EPI articles related to honesty, responsibility, and substantiation of advertising claims. The findings indicate that the superlative claim “No.1 Serum in Indonesia” violates fundamental EPI principles, particularly in the aspects of honesty and responsibility, due to the absence of clear supporting data or methodology. This violation not only misleads consumers but also creates unfair competitive advantages and risks eroding consumer trust in the local cosmetics industry. The study also reveals challenges in implementing EPI in the context of social media, where the unique characteristics of digital platforms require adaptations to the existing regulatory framework. Recommendations include strengthening EPI enforcement mechanisms for digital advertising, developing specific social media guidelines, enhancing coordination with digital platforms, and implementing a peer-review mechanism within the advertising industry. This research contributes to the literature on communication ethics and provides practical insights for regulators, advertising practitioners, and academics in addressing advertising ethics challenges in the digital era.
 

The 2024 General Election in Indonesia marked a significant shift in the landscape of political communication from conventional media to the digital sphere. Political campaigns conducted through social media and online platforms have opened new opportunities for persuasive effectiveness but also introduced serious challenges in terms of communication ethics, particularly in advertising. This study aims to analyze digital political campaign practices during the 2024 election through the lens of the Indonesian Advertising Ethics Code (Etika Pariwara Indonesia/EPI), which serves as a self-regulatory standard in the advertising industry. This research employs a qualitative approach using a case study method, supported by documentation analysis, digital observation, and literature review. The findings reveal that many digital political advertisements violate key EPI principles, including honesty, transparency, and social responsibility. The most prominent violations include negative campaigning, the use of religious symbols to construct candidate images, and undisclosed endorsements by political influencers. Weaknesses in digital monitoring systems exacerbate these issues, allowing unethical content to spread massively and uncontrollably. This study concludes that the implementation of EPI in digital political campaigns remains weak and requires a more adaptive, collaborative, and technology-based monitoring approach to safeguard democratic integrity in the digital communication era.

Christian religious education has undergone significant transformations throughout church history. From the apostolic era to the modern age, Christian religious education has evolved and adapted to social, cultural, and theological changes. This article will examine the transformation of Christian religious education throughout church history, focusing on changes in the goals, methods, and content of Christian religious education. The transformation of Christian Religious Education (PAK) is a historical and theological process that takes place along with the church's journey in responding to the social, political, and cultural contexts throughout the ages. This study aims to trace significant changes in PAK from the Early Church era to the contemporary era. With a qualitative, historical, and theological approach, this study explores the dynamics of Christian faith education through a review of primary and secondary literature, as well as an analysis of church history documents. Each period in church history brings different educational models and approaches. The Early Church emphasized oral tradition and living communities, the Middle Ages emphasized church authority and clerical education, the Reformation opened access to Scripture and general literacy, while the modern and contemporary eras face the challenges of secularization and digitalization. From this journey, it can be seen that relevant PAK is one that is rooted in the Gospel and at the same time responsive to changes in the times.  As stated by Dr. Jan S. Aritonang, "Church history is a reflection of how believers struggle to shape spiritual life, including in faith education in the midst of a changing world." Therefore, this study aims to Research Objectives, Analyze the development of PAK from the early church era to the modern church. Identifying internal and external factors that influence the transformation of PAK. Developing practical implications for the development of contemporary PAK based on church history.

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death globally and is particularly prevalent in Indonesia. Early prediction of stroke is critical to reducing the risk of long-term disability and mortality. This study aims to build a stroke prediction model using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification method. The dataset used is sourced from Kaggle, containing 5,110 records with class imbalance. To address the imbalance, the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) was applied during preprocessing. The study evaluates model performance across multiple data splits (70:30, 80:20, 90:10) and k-fold cross-validation values (k=5, 7, 10). The SVM was tested with various kernel types—linear, polynomial, and radial basis function (RBF)—along with parameter tuning for C, gamma, and degree. The results show that the polynomial kernel yielded the highest prediction accuracy of 92%. The model performance was evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics.

Stunting remains one of the major public health issues at the national level in Indonesia. As an archipelagic country, Indonesia faces unique challenges in tackling stunting, particularly in regions with limited access to healthcare services. Advances in information technology offer new opportunities to support stunting prevention efforts, including through the utilization of health data. Such data can be used to detect stunting risks early and to monitor children's nutritional status more effectively. The use of health data applications or systems by Posyandu cadres is influenced by various factors, including availability of time, cost, level of trust, and perceptions of ease of use and usefulness. This study aims to identify the determinants of health data utilization by Posyandu cadres for toddlers as a stunting prevention effort in Geneng Subdistrict, Ngawi Regency. This research is an analytical quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach. A sample of 80 Posyandu cadres for toddlers in Geneng Subdistrict was selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression tests to identify the factors influencing the use of health data in stunting prevention. The results show that the significant determinants include the age of the Posyandu cadre, their education level, and the amount of time they dedicate to Posyandu activities. The determinants of age, education level, and time significantly influence the utilization of health data and thereby affect the optimization of stunting prevention. Strengthening cadre capacity in these aspects is necessary to support more effective stunting prevention.