This study critically examines the effectiveness of the Indonesian National Police (Polri) in enforcing the law and protecting human rights (HAM), specifically within the framework of national legal instruments. Despite the established legal foundation, including Law No. 2 of 2002 on the Police and Regulation of the Chief of Police No. 8 of 2009, the persistent violations of human rights by police officers highlight significant implementation gaps. These violations have led to a notable decline in public trust, raising questions about the adequacy of current legal frameworks in ensuring the protection of human rights. The urgency of this research lies in identifying the systemic failures in Polri’s performance, particularly the lack of consistent application of human rights principles in policing practices. By analyzing legal documents, case law, and reports from institutions such as Komnas HAM, this study reveals that the ineffective implementation of existing regulations, coupled with weak internal oversight and a culture of impunity, significantly hampers Polri’s ability to uphold human rights. The findings contribute new insights into the disconnect between normative legal standards and their practical application, offering a nuanced understanding of the challenges in reforming law enforcement practices. To address these challenges, the study recommends strengthening legal training, enhancing monitoring mechanisms, and fostering a shift in organizational culture within Polri to ensure better compliance with human rights standards and restore public trust.

The purpose of this research is to examine the model of protection for women as witnesses and victims in community-based sexual violence cases. This research is important considering the increasing number of sexual violence cases experienced by women, which further exacerbates and makes women more vulnerable. Sexual violence is a serious social issue, and the poor services for witnesses and victims to access legal protection have become a major problem. As experienced by witnesses and victims of sexual violence in South Buton Regency, the presence of witnesses and victims at the Police, Prosecutor's Office, and Court levels is often accompanied by parents or even alone. Thus, there is a potential for witnesses and victims to experience threats and violence, both psychologically and physically. This research method is a socio-legal research. The research results indicate that the protection of women as witnesses and victims of sexual violence cases is still not effective. This is due to law enforcement agencies not being aware of and not understanding the Sexual Violence Crime Act, as well as difficulties in interpreting the articles. As for the community-based protection model, the proposed concept is the Witness and Victim Community (SSK). The community is a partner of LPSK that serves as a solution in reaching and fulfilling the rights of women as witnesses and victims in South Buton.SSK's recommendations must be integrated into the criminal justice system.
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji model perlindungan perempuan sebagai saksi dan korban dalam kasus kekerasan seksual yang berbasi komunitas. penelitian ini penting mengingat  maraknya kasus kekerasan seksual yang dialami oleh perempuan, semakin memperburuk dan rentannya perempuan. Kekerasan seksual merupakan permasalahan sosial yang serius dan buruknya layanan saksi dan korban untuk mengakses perlindungan hukum, menjadi masalah utama. Seperti halnya yang dialami oleh saksi dan korban Kekerasan seksual di Kabupaten Buton Selatan, kehadiran saksi dan korban baik di tingkat Kepolisian, Kejaksaan, dan Pengadilan hanya didampingi oleh orangtua bahkan hanya sendirian saja. Sehingga berpotensi saksi dan korban mengalami ancaman dan kekerasan baik secara psikis maupun fisik. Metode penelitian ini merupakan penelitian socio-legal research. Hasil penelitian menunjukan perlindungan perempuan sebagai saksi dan korban kasus kekerasan seksual masih belum berjalan efektif, hal ini disebabkan oleh lembaga penegak hukum belum mengetahui dan belum memahami UU Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual, selain itu kesulitan untuk menafsir pasal perpasal. Adapun model perlindungan berbasis komunitas, konsep yang diusulkan ialah Komunitas Saksi dan Korban  (SSK). Komunitas merupakan mitra LPSK yang menjadi solusi dalam menjangkau dan memenuhi hak-hak perempuan sebagai saksi dan korban di Buton Selatan. Saran SSK harus terintegrasi dalam sistem peradilan pidana.

This study examines the comparative role of local governments in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 14 (SDG 14) concerning Marine Geoparks in the Riau Islands and West Papua. The primary focus is on analyzing regulatory hierarchy gaps to demonstrate the importance of local government involvement in achieving sustainable development goals and the need for regulatory improvements to support effective marine resource management. This research employs a normative analysis method and a statutory approach to compare regulations and local government roles in the Riau Islands and West Papua. The study utilizes secondary data obtained through library research and processed using descriptive analysis techniques. The data consists of secondary sources, including primary legal sources and relevant literature. The findings indicate that sustainable development implementation under SDG 14 in the Raja Ampat Marine Geopark is more effective and well-organized, supported by Raja Ampat Regional Regulation No. 27 of 2008 and No. 8 of 2016. In contrast, the Natuna Marine Geopark faces several challenges, such as the lack of specific Geopark regulations, limited accessibility, and minimal utilization of digital technology for promotion and monitoring.
Penelitian ini membahas perbandingan peran pemerintah daerah dalam pembangunan berkelanjutan tujuan 14 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) atau yang disebut pembangunan berkelanjutan terkait Marine Geopark di Kepulauan Riau dan Papua Barat. Fokus utama penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kekosongan hierarki peraturan perundang-undangan dengan tujuan untuk menunjukkan bahwa keterlibatan pemerintah daerah dapat digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan dan perlunya perbaikan dalam hierarki peraturan untuk mendukung pengelolaan sumber daya laut secara efektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yaitu analisis normatif dan jenis pendekatan penelitian peraturan perundang-undangan (Statue Approach) untuk mengkaji pemahaman melalui perbandingan regulasi dan peran pemerintah daerah di Kepulauan Riau dan Papua Barat. Jenis data yang dikaji adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dengan teknik studi kepustakaan (library research) yang diolah menggunakan teknik deskriptif analisis. Data yang digunakan terdiri dari data sekunder, mencakup sumber hukum primer, serta literatur yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi pengelolaan pembangunan berkelanjutan dengan tujuan 14 SDGs yang diterapkan terhadap Marine Geopark Raja Ampat jauh lebih efektif dan teroganisir dengan didukung oleh Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Raja Ampat Nomor 27 Tahun 2008 dan Perda Nomor 8 Tahun 2016. Sebaliknya, Marine Geopark Natuna masih menghadapi beberapa tantangan, seperti keterbatasan regulasi yang spesifik untuk Geopark, aksesibilitas yang terbatas, serta minimnya pemanfaatan teknologi digital untuk promosi dan monitoring kawasan.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the House of Representatives' right to immunity in the Indonesian constitutional system and its conformity with the principle of equality before the law. The right to immunity is granted to protect the freedom of members of the House of Representatives in carrying out their legislative duties without irrelevant legal intervention. However, its application often causes controversy, especially when it is misused to avoid legal responsibility. The background of this study stems from the tension between the right of immunity and the principle of equality before the law, which gives rise to negative public perceptions of the integrity of the DPR. This study uses a normative juridical approach with a descriptive-analytical method of analysis of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results showed that although the right of immunity is necessary to maintain legislative independence, there is potential for abuse that undermines the principle of justice and erodes public trust in the DPR. Therefore, strict supervision by the Council of Honorary Court (MKD) and regulatory revisions are needed to ensure that this right is not abused to avoid legal liability. This study makes a significant contribution to existing literature by revealing the tension between the immunity rights of members of the House of Representatives and the principle of equality before the law, as well as highlighting the impact of the abuse of immunity rights on public trust in the legislature. In contrast to previous research, which generally focused on the right to immunity in general, this research emphasizes the potential abuse of this right and its impact on the image of the legislature. The implications of this research emphasize the need for a balance between the protection of the rights of members of the House of Representatives and legal certainty for all citizens, in order to support a more just and transparent democratic system.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi hak imunitas DPR dalam sistem ketatanegaraan Indonesia dan kesesuaiannya dengan prinsip equality before the law. Hak imunitas diberikan untuk melindungi kebebasan anggota DPR dalam menjalankan tugas legislatif tanpa intervensi hukum yang tidak relevan. Namun, penerapannya sering menimbulkan kontroversi, terutama ketika disalahgunakan untuk menghindari tanggung jawab hukum. Latar belakang penelitian ini berangkat dari ketegangan antara hak imunitas dan prinsip kesetaraan di hadapan hukum, yang memunculkan persepsi negatif masyarakat terhadap integritas DPR. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan metode analisis deskriptif-analitis terhadap bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun hak imunitas diperlukan untuk menjaga independensi legislatif, terdapat potensi penyalahgunaan yang merugikan prinsip keadilan dan menurunkan kepercayaan publik terhadap DPR. Diperlukan pengawasan ketat oleh Mahkamah Kehormatan Dewan (MKD) serta revisi regulasi untuk memastikan hak ini tidak disalahgunakan untuk menghindari pertanggungjawaban hukum. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap literatur yang ada dengan mengungkapkan ketegangan antara hak imunitas anggota DPR dan prinsip kesetaraan di hadapan hukum, serta menyoroti dampak penyalahgunaan hak imunitas terhadap kepercayaan publik terhadap lembaga legislatif. Berbeda dengan penelitian sebelumnya yang umumnya fokus pada hak imunitas secara umum, penelitian ini lebih menekankan pada potensi penyalahgunaan hak imunitas tersebut dan dampaknya terhadap citra legislatif. Implikasi penelitian ini menegaskan perlunya keseimbangan antara perlindungan hak anggota DPR dan kepastian hukum bagi seluruh warga negara, guna mendukung sistem demokrasi yang lebih adil dan transparan.
 

This study aims to analyze the regulation and application of Copyright as an object of fiduciary guarantee, especially in Malang City so that this research can provide benefits to the community, especially the public and bank employees in Malang City to know the rules and forms of implementation of the object of fiduciary guarantee, namely Copyright. In Malang City, no people use the object of fiduciary security in the form of Copyright because the provisions of the legislation have not been firmly and established, and there are several other factors. This study uses empirical juridical research methods, interview and observation approach techniques, and two legal data sets, primary and secondary data. The study results found that the statutory arrangements in Indonesia regulate Copyright as an object of fiduciary guarantee as stipulated in Article 16, Paragraph (3) of Law Number 28 of 2018 concerning Copyright. Still, in practice, it has not been implemented optimally and well because in Malang City, no institution oversees, and the nominal amount is not specified in the laws and regulations in Indonesia.

The purpose of the study is to review and analyze the legal policy of parking management in Baubau City and the opportunities for implementing E-parking so that the E-parking model is integrated in Baubau City. This is based on the need to increase efficiency and transparency in parking management. Baubau City faces challenges in the form of revenue leakage from the parking sector caused by a weak manual system, as well as unclear transaction reporting. Therefore, it is important to conduct in-depth research. The research method used is socio-legal. The results of the study show that the E-Parking Model can reduce the potential for revenue leakage in Baubau City. Each transaction is automatically recorded in the system, facilitating supervision and auditing by the authorities while increasing public trust. In addition, E-parking aims to facilitate the public in the parking payment process through a non-cash system, thereby reducing dependence on physical money and speeding up transactions. The digital application used also makes it easier for the public to find parking locations, optimize the use of parking lots available in the city, and the latest E-parking model, which is different from other cities. In the long term, this model is designed to increase regional income and support Baubau's transformation into a smart city. This research has novelties related to legal policies and E-parking integration models. The Baubau City Government in order to regulate E-parking, must make changes to the Parking Regulation so that it can be implemented as soon as possible.
 
Tujuan penelitian untuk mengakaji dan menganalisis kebijakan hukum pengelolaan parkir di Kota Baubau dan peluang penerapan E-parkir sehingga model E-parkir terintegrasi di Kota Baubau.  Hal ini didasari oleh kebutuhan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan transparansi dalam pengelolaan parkir. Kota Baubau menghadapi tantangan berupa kebocoran pendapatan dari sektor parkir yang diakibatkan oleh lemahnya sistem manual, serta ketidakjelasan dalam pelaporan transaksi. Maka dengan demikian penting untuk dilakukan penelitian secara mendalam. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah sosio legal, Hasil penelitian bahwa model E-parkir dapat mengurangi potensi kebocoran pendapatan Kota Baubau. Setiap transaksi tercatat secara otomatis dalam sistem, memudahkan pengawasan dan audit oleh pihak berwenang, sekaligus meningkatkan kepercayaan publik. Selain itu, E-parkir bertujuan untuk mempermudah masyarakat dalam proses pembayaran parkir melalui sistem nontunai, sehingga mengurangi ketergantungan pada uang fisik dan mempercepat transaksi. Aplikasi digital yang digunakan juga memudahkan masyarakat dalam menemukan lokasi parkir, mengoptimalkan penggunaan lahan parkir yang tersedia di kota dan model E-parkir yang terbaru dan berbeda dengan kota lain. Dalam jangka panjang, model ini dirancang untuk tidak hanya meningkatkan pendapatan daerah, tetapi juga untuk mendukung transformasi Baubau menuju kota cerdas (smart city) dan penelitian ini memiliki kebaharuan terkait kabijakan hukum dan model integrasi E-parkir. Pemkot Baubau agar dapat mengatur E-parkir, maka harus melakukan perubahan pada Perda Parkir. Sehingga dapat berlaku secepatnya.
 

This study aims to analyze the phenomenon of contested divorce raised by early marriage couples in Temanggung Regency, with a focus on household neglect from a gender perspective. Data shows that the number of divorce suits filed by wives reaches 90% due to neglect committed by the husband, reflecting deep gender injustice in the social structure. This research used qualitative methods with in-depth interviews with 10 interviewees, including plaintiffs and court officials, as well as analysis of relevant legal documents. The urgency of this research lies in the high rates of early marriage and divorce in Temanggung, which contribute to an increase in domestic violence cases. Data from the Central Bureau of Statistics shows that early marriages in Temanggung increased by 18.3% in 2020, with the divorce rate continuing to rise. This study highlights its novelty by comparing the results with previous studies that focus more on the causal factors of early marriage, while this study emphasizes the impact of domestic abuse as a form of domestic violence that is often overlooked. The results show that domestic abuse not only impacts the psychological and economic well-being of the wife, but also has implications for the well-being of the children. This abuse often goes unnoticed by the victim, resulting in a continuous cycle of violence. The conclusions of this study emphasize the need for more effective pre-marital education programs and policies that support gender equality, including the strengthening of regulations that protect the rights of women and children. Concrete policy implications include mediating development programs at the community level and increasing access to education for women to reduce early marriage and divorce rates in the Temanggung District.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis fenomena cerai gugat yang diangkat oleh pasangan pernikahan dini di Kabupaten Temanggung, dengan fokus pada penelantaran rumah tangga dari perspektif gender. Data menunjukkan bahwa jumlah cerai gugat yang diajukan oleh istri mencapai 90% akibat penelantaran yang dilakukan oleh suami, mencerminkan ketidakadilan gender yang mendalam dalam struktur sosial.  Urgensi penelitian ini terletak pada tingginya angka pernikahan dini dan cerai gugat di Temanggung, yang berkontribusi pada peningkatan kasus kekerasan dalam rumah tangga (KDRT). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum empiris. Penelitian ini menyoroti kebaruan dengan membandingkan hasil dengan penelitian sebelumnya yang lebih fokus pada faktor penyebab pernikahan dini, sementara penelitian ini menekan dampak penentaran rumah tangga sebagai bentuk KDRT yang sering diabaikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penelataran rumah tangga tidak hanya berdampak pada kesejahteraan psikologis dan ekonomi istri, tetapi juga berimplikasi pada kesejahteraan anak. Penelitian ini sering kali tidak disadari oleh korban, yang mengakibatkan siklus kekerasan yang berkelanjutan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menekankan perlunya program pendidikan pra-nikah yang lebih efektif dan kebijakan yang mendukung kesetaraan gender, termasuk penguatan regulasi yang melindungi hak-hak perempuan dan anak. Implikasi kebijakan yang secara konkret mencakup mediasi program pengembangan di tingkat komunitas dan peningkatan akses pendidikan bagi perempuan untuk mengurangi angka pernikahan dini dan cerai gugat di Kabupaten Temanggung.

Pressure vessels are critical components in the energy industry, used to store and process high-pressure fluids. The structural reliability of these vessels plays a pivotal role in ensuring operational safety and system efficiency. This study aims to analyze the design and reliability of pressure vessels using both numerical and experimental approaches to optimize performance and enhance safety factors. The numerical method was conducted through Finite Element Analysis (FEA) using ANSYS software to evaluate stress distribution, stress concentration, and potential failure modes under various operational load scenarios. Meanwhile, the experimental method involved hydrostatic pressure testing, strain measurements using strain gauges, and displacement analysis to validate the numerical simulation results. Data were collected from simulations and laboratory experiments, then analyzed quantitatively by comparing key parameters such as stress distribution, deformation patterns, and safety factors against industry standards. The results indicate that combining numerical and experimental approaches improves the accuracy of pressure vessel behavior predictions, enables more efficient design optimization, and enhances structural reliability. In conclusion, the methods applied in this study can serve as a reference for developing safer, more efficient pressure vessel designs that comply with industrial standards, thereby supporting improved safety and operational efficiency in the energy sector.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are the backbone of the Indonesian economy, but in digital business practices, they often face legal challenges in business contracts, whether with suppliers, distributors, or marketplace platforms. This article examines aspects of legal protection for MSMEs in digital business contracts and identifies inequalities that occur in business relationships with large companies. This study uses a normative-juridical research method by analyzing business contract regulations in Indonesia as well as comparative studies with legal systems in other countries. This study concludes that MSMEs need more proactive regulations in ensuring fairness in digital business contracts so as not to experience exploitation from more dominant parties.
 
 

The increase in trade tariffs is a serious challenge for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in maintaining the competitiveness of their products in domestic and international markets. This community service activity aims to provide understanding and practical skills to MSMEs about adaptive and sustainable marketing strategy innovations. Socialization is carried out through workshops and interactive discussions involving MSMEs from various sectors. The material presented includes the use of digital media, increasing product branding, market diversification, and competitive pricing strategies. The activity results show an increase in participants' knowledge in implementing innovative marketing approaches and awareness of the importance of digital transformation in dealing with external pressures such as increasing trade tariffs. Thus, this activity is expected to strengthen MSME resilience and encourage sustainable business growth. This activity also opens up opportunities for further collaboration between academics and MSMEs in developing strategic solutions based on real needs in the field.