Abstract. "Teenager", a word that contains many kinds of impressions. Some people say that teenagers are a normal group, no different from other social groups. While some other parties consider teenagers as a group that often causes difficulties for parents. In addition to this opinion, there are also those who argue that youth is a potential that needs to be utilized. (Mappiare, 1982). However, the opinion of teenagers about his personality, then they will show a different impression. Some of them may speak of adults' indifference or indifference to their group. There are also those who will give the impression that their group is a minority with their own "world" and cannot be touched by their parents. Based on the impressions presented, it is very important that teenagers are a potential group to work with. This is because youth are a group that has responsibility for the nation and the future. In fact, in Indonesia, adolescent make up about a third of the total population. Especially in their youth, they have great vitality and patriotism. Thus, youth are the successors of the nation's hope. (Mappiare, 1982). Teenagers don't really belong. They are no longer included in the children's class, but are not yet fully accepted into the adult class. Adolescents are between children and adults. Therefore, adolescence is often called the period of "identity search" or the period of "storm, storm". However, adolescence is a developmental period that is currently in the potential of childhood, both cognitively, emotionally, and physically. (Hartinah, 2008). The rapid intellectual development of adolescents in the way of thinking allows them to integrate into adult society, but it is also the most prominent feature of all periods. Continuity of intellectual development makes teenagers able to think formally. This stage allows teens to think more abstractly, test assumptions, and consider the opportunities available to them rather than just seeing them for what they are. Intellectual ability like this is what distinguishes youth from previous times. In addition, the development of certain talents or interests among adolescents also begins to order and begins to decline based on factors that affect both themselves and their environment. All teenagers more or less have certain special interests that include various types. Intellectual development and special talents or interests are part of cognitive development that occurs in adolescents. This cognitive development affects a person's way of thinking, analyzing a problem, and a person's preferences for certain things.
Keywords: Cognitive, Emotional, Psychological, Teen

Abstract. Motivation is a driving force in a person in the form of real activities to carry out a goal, learning motivation is needed in learning students who lack learning motivation can have a negative impact on the learning process. Motivation determines the success or failure of student learning activities, by providing rewards and punishments for students can be expected to increase student motivation. Giving rewards and punishments to students can guide active students, and can create a more optimal learning process. Students who lack motivation to learn can become a problem that must be solved. This study aims to analyze whether the provision of rewards can have an effect on increasing student motivation. Methods: This study used a literature review approach based on studies from various journals, proposals, books. Results: Rewards and punishmentshave an influence on increasing student motivation, reward and punishment as educational aids to get feedback from students will be felt if the application is appropriate. Giving rewards and punishments too often is also not justified, because students are worried about being active in learning and doing assignments if their work is rewarded by the teacher.
Keywords:prevention, bullying, public schools

Abstract. Humanity is currently in deep sadness due to the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) which has hit almost all parts of the world. Indonesia spontaneously implemented policies of learning from home, working from home, and worshiping at home. One of the learning methods used by the Indonesian education system is online or the abbreviation for the network. Online or online is a learning method that is carried out online. While online courses are courses that are wholly or partly held online or online, using learning management. Learning methods used in the learning process affect student motivation or interest in participating in the learning process. Modifying the learning process so that it attracts student attention will increase student motivation to learn even in the conditions of the Covid 19 pandemic. This study used a pre-experimental design with a descriptive correlation design with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study were all students at the University of Semarang. Sampling using the accidental sampling technique with 103 respondents and using t-test data analysis. Based on the influence test using the Paired sample T-test, it was found that the correlation of the Effect of Online Learning Methods on Student Learning Motivation had a significance of p = 0.000 <0.05. Thus it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of online learning methods on student motivation at the University of Semarang. Sampling using the accidental sampling technique with 103 respondents and using t-test data analysis. Based on the influence test using the Paired sample T-test, it was found that the correlation of the Effect of Online Learning Methods on Student Learning Motivation had a significance of p = 0.000 <0.05. Thus it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of online learning methods on student motivation at the University of Semarang. Sampling using the accidental sampling technique with 103 respondents and using t-test data analysis. Based on the influence test using the Paired sample T-test, it was found that the correlation of the Effect of Online Learning Methods on Student Learning Motivation had a significance of p = 0.000 <0.05. Thus it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of online learning methods on student motivation at the University of Semarang.
Keywords: Online Learning, Motivation, Students, COVID 19

<p>Kebijakan dividen dan determinannya tetap menjadi isu kontroversial dalam literatur keuangan. Tujuan studi ini untuk menguji pengaruh langsung <em>free cash flow</em> terhadap dividen dan pengaruh tidak langsung <em>free cash flow</em> terhadap dividen melalui pertumbuhan perusahaan dan <em>leverage.</em> Sampel studi ini adalah 32 perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama periode 2016-2020. Analisis data   memanfaatkan regresi data panel <em>fixed effect robustness</em> dengan   melibatkan 160 obeservasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa <em>free cash flow</em> terbukti secara signifikan berpengaruh positif terhadap dividen. Lebih lanjut, penelitian ini mampu membuktikan adanya pengaruh <em>free cash flow</em> terhadap <em>leverage</em> yang kemudian dilanjutkan dengan <em>leverage</em> berimplikasi pada pembayaran dividen perusahaan. Namun, pertumbuhan perusahaan tidak terbukti dipengaruhi free cash flow dan juga tidak mempengaruhi dividen sehingga tidak mampu berperan memediasi pengaruh free cash flow terhadap dividen.       Penelitian ini secara akademis berkontribusi dalam mengintegrasikan variabel-variabel kunci determinan kebijakan dividen yang selama ini hanya diteliti secara terpisah. Sementara secara praktis, studi ini menyarankan bahwa bagi investor yang berorentasi pada dividen hendaknya mempertimbangkan   ketersedian <em>free cash flow</em> dan ratio hutang perusahaan.</p><p><em><span lang="IN">Dividend policy and its determinants remain a controversial issue in the financial literature. This study aims to examine the direct effect of free cash flow on dividends and the indirect impact of free cash flow on dividends through firm growth and leverage. The sample of this study is 32 manufacturing firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2016-2020 period. The data analysis employs fixed effect robustness panel data regression involving 160 observations.   The results study showed that the free cash flow significantly positive affects dividends. Furthermore, this study can prove the effect of free cash flow on leverage and then leverage impacts on company s dividend payments. However, the firm's growth was not proven to be influenced by free cash flow and also did not affect dividends so it was not able to play a role in mediating the effect of free cash flow on dividends. This research academically contributes to integrating the key determinants of dividend policy, which have only been studied separately so far. Practically, this study suggests that dividend-oriented investors should consider the availability of free cash flow and the firm's debt ratio.</span></em></p>

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh likuiditas dan kebijakan hutang terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan kinerja perusahaan sebagai variabel intervening. Obyek penelitian terdiri dari 24 perusahaan sektor property dan real estate yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2016-2020 dengan jumlah sampel 98 secara purposive sampling. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis jalur dengan regresi dan dilakukan uji asumsi klasik terlebih dahulu.Pengujian variabel intervening digunakan strategi causal step dan tes sobel. Hasil analisis data menyimpulkan bahwa likuiditas yang diproksikan CR tidak signfikan, baik terhadap kinerja perusahaan maupun nilai perusahaan. Namun, berbeda dengan faktor kebijakan hutang yang diproksikan DER justru berpengaruh signfikan, baik terhadap kinerja perusahaan maupun nilai perusahaan. Sedangkan, kinerja perusahaan yang diproksikan ROA berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan. Berdasarkan pada tes sobel diperoleh hasil bahwa kinerja perusahaan tidak dapat memediasi, baik hubungan likuiditas dengan nilai perusahaan maupun hubungan kebijakan hutang dengan nilai perusahaan.</p><p><em>This study aims to determine the effect of liquidity and debt policy on firm value with firm performance as an intervening variable. The research object consists of 24 property and real estate sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2020 with a total sample of 98 by purposive sampling. The analytical technique used is path analysis with regression and the classical assumption test is performed first. Testing the intervening variables used the causal step strategy and the Sobel test. The results of data analysis conclude that the liquidity proxied by CR is not significant, both on company performance and company value. However, in contrast to the debt policy factor that is proxied by DER, it has a significant effect, both on company performance and company value. Meanwhile, the company's performance as proxied by ROA has a significant effect on firm value. Based on the Sobel test, the results show that the company's performance cannot mediate, both the relationship between liquidity and firm value and the relationship between debt policy and firm value.</em></p>

<p>In today's businesses, change is inevitable; hence it is crucial to research how change management and change variables impact organizational performance. This study's main objective is to examine change management and how it affects contemporary organizational effectiveness. A qualitative research method was used in this study, the primary source of information on the subject under consideration was previously published literature and contextual analysis was employed. The dynamics of change management and how it may be used to boost contemporary organizational effectiveness were examined in this study. The study also considered the function and actions of change-facilitating leaders. The study concludes that if certain conditions existed in organizations such as a strategic plan for implementing change, communication of change plans for employee buy-in, strategic change agents, implementation costs and maintenance of change tools, among others, change management would be successful. This study makes several recommendations, one of which is that organizations should convey the necessity of change because majority of people see change as disturbing and harmful. People tend to resist change if they don't have a feeling of urgency. Making existing conditions seem more needless than the desired changes is important to encourage an organization's acceptance of change.</p><p><span>Perubahan tidak dapat dihindari; maka masih perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai bagaimana manajemen perubahan dan variabel perubahan berdampak pada kinerja organisasi. Tujuan utama studi ini adalah untuk menguji manajemen perubahan dan bagaimana pengaruhnya terhadap efektivitas organisasi kontemporer. Penelitian kualitatif digunakan dengan sumber informasi utama adalah literatur yang diterbitkan sebelumnya dan analisis kontekstual. Dinamika manajemen perubahan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan efektivitas organisasi kontemporer diperiksa dalam penelitian ini. Studi ini mempertimbangkan fungsi dan tindakan pemimpin yang memfasilitasi perubahan. Diperoleh kesimpulan jika dalam organisasi terdapat rencana strategis untuk mengimplementasikan perubahan, komunikasi rencana perubahan untuk pembelian karyawan, agen perubahan strategis, biaya implementasi dan pemeliharaan alat perubahan, antara lain, manajemen perubahan akan berhasil. Kajian ini memberikan beberapa rekomendasi, salah satunya organisasi harus menyampaikan perlunya perubahan karena mayoritas orang melihat perubahan sebagai hal yang mengganggu dan merugikan. Orang cenderung menolak perubahan jika mereka tidak memiliki perasaan mendesak. Menciptakan kondisi tampak lebih tidak diperlukan daripada perubahan yang diinginkan adalah penting untuk mendorong penerimaan organisasi terhadap perubahan.</span></p>

Abstract. The use of the Sociodrama learning method is a proposed solution to improve student learning outcomes in Social Sciences. To prove that this model can improve students' understanding, Classroom Action Research is carried out by carrying out the learning process with the Sociodrama method, which is carried out on students in class 9B SMPN 16 Bogor. The purpose of this study is to increase student motivation in learning, create a comfortable and happy atmosphere in the learning process, improve student learning outcomes and teacher skills in using various learning methods. This research was carried out in 2 cycles with activities consisting of (1) Planning, namely making learning tools (RPP), observation sheets, test questions, (2) Action (classroom teaching and learning), (3) Observation (assessment by collaborators during KBM) and (4) Reflection (discussing weaknesses and strengths during KBM between teaching teachers and collaborators). The data were obtained from the results of pre-test and post-test and assessment of collaborators/observers. The second cycle is carried out by re-practicing sociodrama which has been equipped with sociodrama scripts. Based on the data obtained from the results of this study, it proves that the use of the sociodrama method can improve student learning outcomes. It is proven by the class average value which at the beginning of 45.81 increased to 74.46. Because of this.
Keywords: Sociodrama Method, History Learning Outcomes

Abstract. This article aims to identify student learning styles, various learning styles, and academic achievement. The approach used in this research is a quantitative approach with a survey method. The variables in this study are multiple variables, namely the identification of student learning styles on student academic achievement in Semarang. The sample of this research is 319 active students at the University of Semarang. The most widely used learning style by students in Semarang is the visual and auditory learning style. Student learning achievement in Semarang is not influenced by learning styles consisting of visual, auditory, reading/writing and kinesthetic.
Keywords: learning styles, academic achievements, students

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh hutang, kepemilikan saham, dewan direksi, dan kepemilikan manajerial terhadap pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengisi gap permasalahan dimana hasil penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan hasil yang belum konsisten. Studi dilakukan di perusahaan manufaktur sektor industri makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada periode 2015 - 2021. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data sekunder berupa laporan keuangan dan laporan Corporate Social Responsibility yang tercantum dalam laporan tahunan dan diterbitkan oleh masing-masing perusahaan lewat situs Bursa Efek Indonesia yang dapat diakses di alamat https://www.idx.co.id. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah asosiatif kuantitatif dengan total sampel 56 unit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hutang berpengaruh terhadap pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility, kepemilikan asing berpengaruh terhadap pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility, dewan direksi tidak berpengaruh terhadap pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility, dan kepemilikan manajerial tidak berpengaruh terhadap pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility . Secara simultan, hutang, dan kepemilikan saham asing berpengaruh terhadap pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility.

Konsep negara kesejahteraan adalah suatu konsep dimana negara berperan penuh dalam proses menuju kemakmuran, kesejahteraan, dan kemaslahatan bagi setiap warga negara dengan mengutamakan upaya-upaya yang mendukung terselenggaranya jaminan pemenuhan hak-hak serta pendukung bagi pelaksanaan kewajiban bagi setiap orang dalam suatu negara berdasarkan aturan. -peraturan yang telah disetujui dan diresmikan oleh Pemerintah. Negara yang menganut konsep kesejahteraan mendambakan kehidupan yang sejahtera dengan menggunakan tanggung jawab penuh untuk memenuhi, melindungi dan mengutamakan kepentingan warganya dengan memberikan hak-hak yang seharusnya mereka dapatkan. Tindakan tersebut dapat dilaksanakan dengan memberikan berbagai pelayanan publik, pendampingan, pencegahan dan perlindungan terhadap pelanggaran sosial yang sering terjadi di lingkungan negara. Untuk mewujudkan negara yang berbasis Welfare State dengan menata kembali pola kehidupan masyarakat, diperlukan beberapa syarat, yaitu: (1). Warga negara; (2). Demokrasi penuh; (3). sistem hubungan industrial dengan aliran modern; (4). Perluasan hak atas Pendidikan. Oleh karena itu, pemenuhan keempat syarat tersebut harus selalu ditinjau ulang agar implementasi kebijakan pemerintah di berbagai bidang dapat berjalan secara melembaga. Sebagai negara yang menganut Konsep Welfare State, Indonesia tentunya menggunakan kekuasaan negara untuk menerapkan berbagai aturan yang dibuat untuk mendukung kesejahteraan masyarakat. Salah satunya dengan mendorong peran pemerintah dan lembaga negara untuk menjaga dan menjamin hak-hak masyarakat secara lebih menyeluruh sehingga tercipta pemberdayaan manusia untuk mendukung konsep Welfare State.