Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana penggunaan media video animasi dalam pembelajaran Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam (SKI) dapat meningkatkan minat belajar dan memperkuat karakter religius siswa kelas VII MTs Nurul Islam Slatri, serta faktor-faktor penentu minat dan implikasi terhadap karakter religius dalam pendidikan agama islam (PAI) diluar sekolah dan pembelajaran sepanjang hayat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik alanisis data yang digunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman yang terdiri atas pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media video animasi mampu menyajikan materi SKI secara lebih menarik, visual, dan kontekstual sehingga mempermudah siswa memahami sejarah dan keteladanan tokoh Islam. Video animasi yang mengandung pesan moral dan religius secara tidak langsung mendorong siswa untuk meneladani nilai-nilai islami dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, seperti disiplin, tanggung jawab, dan kejujuran. Penggunaan media ini juga menumbuhkan antusiasme dan keterlibatan aktif siswa dalam pembelajaran, yang merupakan indikator meningkatnya minat belajar. Hal ini menguatkan pentingnya inovasi media dalam pembelajaran PAI yang tidak hanya fokus pada pengetahuan, tetapi juga pembentukan karakter.

Vehicles in Indonesia are an important part of moving people or goods from one place to the destination, one of which is the transportation of boxed goods. However, the lack of security for boxed goods transport vehicles has always been the target of burglary of goods cargo in the area of Jalan Perniagaan Barat Roa Malaka Tambora, West Jakarta, perpetrators of goods theft from boxed goods cars that are traveling. Therefore, it is necessary to have a security system that can notify the driver when the back door of the vehicle is broken into, namely a Security Detection Tool on Iot-Based Goods Transport Vehicles Using Telegram this tool is able to detect the movement of the thief and evidence will be sent via Telegram. The research method used in this research is research adopting the ADDIE model R&D method, namely Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (assessment) of the reference model (ADDIE). In implementing the design of a Security Detection Tool on Iot-Based Goods Transport Vehicles Using Telegram Using the Esp32 Cam Microcontroller, MCU Node, and PIR sensors. Based on the Security Detection Tool, the transportation of box goods works well. Using the PIR Sensor, which is tested and applied directly to the vehicle. The tool is capable of sending telegrams in the form of messages, locations, and photos of the break-in.

System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a common methodology used to develop information systems. The purpose of this study is to determine system development between the Waterfall and Rapid Application Development (RAD) models The advantage of using the waterfall method is that the quality of the resulting system will be good because the implementation is carried out in stages. The disadvantage of using the waterfall method is that the system development process takes a long time. The advantage of using the RAD Model method is that the integration of sensors/other applications can be processed faster and more effectively. The disadvantage of using the RAD method is the limitations of payment gateways, and chat bots.

Cancer is one of the medical conditions that causes many deaths in different parts of the world. Based on information obtained from GLOBOCAN, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 2022, there were at least 19.976.499 individuals diagnosed with cancer, and the disease caused death in 9.743.832 people. The detection of breast cancer malignancy relies on the prognosis process, requiring forecasting and automated detection to mitigate diagnostic errors. This facilitates swift and comprehensive analysis of medical data. The study employs the Neural Network, specifically the Artificial Neural Network model, implemented using python and the backpropagation algorithm. Utilizing data from the WDBC Database at the University of Wisconsin, the research achieves a 96,49% accuracy in breast cancer prediction, with an area under curve (AUC) value of 0,992, demonstrating the model's overall efficacy in accurate predictions.

This research aims to analyse the interpretation and application of the element of deception by judges in cases of criminal fraud based on juridical considerations in court decisions, especially in the context of the legal relationship of agreements. In judicial practice, there is often an overlap between the realms of civil and criminal law, especially when a default is qualified as fraud. This raises legal issues that require consistent and rational juridical reasoning from judges. The urgency of this research lies in the need to understand how judges assess and interpret the elements of deceit that are often in a grey area, as well as how judges' discretion is used to integrate legal norms with a sense of substantive justice. The method used is a normative legal research method, with a statute approach, which examines the provisions in the old and new Criminal Code (KUHP) that are relevant to the element of deception. This research also uses a literature study and analysis of court decisions to strengthen the theoretical and practical basis. The novelty of this research lies in its focus on aspects of judges' juridical reasoning in interpreting the elements of deceit, not merely on procedural aspects or sociological phenomena, so that it is expected to contribute to strengthening the quality of legal considerations in criminal justice practice. This study recommends that law enforcement authorities adopt a more rigorous juridical reasoning approach in distinguishing between breach of contract and criminal fraud to prevent the criminalization of civil cases.
 
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penafsiran dan penerapan unsur tipu muslihat oleh hakim dalam perkara tindak pidana penipuan berdasarkan pertimbangan yuridis dalam putusan pengadilan, khususnya dalam konteks hubungan hukum perjanjian. Dalam praktik peradilan, sering kali ditemukan tumpang tindih antara ranah hukum perdata dan pidana, terutama ketika suatu wanprestasi dikualifikasikan sebagai penipuan. Hal ini menimbulkan persoalan hukum yang memerlukan penalaran yuridis yang konsisten dan rasional dari hakim. Urgensi penelitian ini terletak pada kebutuhan untuk memahami bagaimana hakim menilai dan menafsirkan unsur tipu muslihat yang kerap berada di wilayah abu-abu, serta bagaimana diskresi hakim digunakan untuk mengintegrasikan norma hukum dengan rasa keadilan substantif. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian hukum normatif, dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), yang menelaah ketentuan dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) lama dan baru yang relevan dengan unsur penipuan. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan studi pustaka dan analisis terhadap putusan pengadilan untuk memperkuat landasan teoritik dan praktis. Kebaruan dari penelitian ini terletak pada fokusnya terhadap aspek penalaran yuridis hakim dalam menafsirkan unsur tipu muslihat, tidak sekadar pada aspek prosedural atau fenomena sosiologis, sehingga diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadap penguatan kualitas pertimbangan hukum dalam praktik peradilan pidana. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar aparat penegak hukum agar lebih mengedepankan penalaran yuridis yang mendalam dalam membedakan antara wanprestasi dan tindak pidana penipuan, guna mencegah terjadinya kriminalisasi terhadap perkara perdata.

This study analyzes the legal implications of applying the substance over form principle in VAT imposition on land transfer transactions vis-a-vis authentic deeds, aiming to assess the legal liability and legal certainty. The urgency of this research is that the rise of formal transactions that obscure the economic substance of land transfer has challenged the effectiveness of VAT enforcement in Indonesia. The approach used in this research is a normative legal approach, which analyzes related regulations and literature documents. The research results concluded that legal responsibility for authentic deeds that do not fulfill the substance over form principle in the imposition of VAT depends on the condition of who violates the lawful cause clause in making the deed, so that legal responsibility can be borne by the PPAT and/or the parties. The principle of substance over form is only regulated in income tax regulations. In civil law, this principle is not regulated and explained, but with this principle, it can be proven that an authentic deed was made without a lawful cause as per Article 1320 of the Civil Code. Substance over form can give rise to new legal consequences for PPAT or parties in the transaction, even though it is not explicitly regulated in VAT regulations. This study is one of the few legal studies that highlights the gap between the practice of imposing VAT and the authenticity of PPAT deeds in the context of the substance over form principle.

This research aims to analyse the legal force of authentic deeds made through electronic media (cyber notary) in the Indonesian legal system and examine the limits of notary authority in digital notarial practices. The urgency of this research lies in the need for legal reform to ensure the legality and effectiveness of cyber notary implementation without ignoring the principle of authenticity of the deed. The method used is normative juridical with a statutory approach and legal doctrine to assess the conformity between positive legal norms and community practice. The results show that the practice of cyber notary can be legally recognised as long as all formal and material elements are fulfilled in accordance with the provisions of Article 1868 of the Civil Code. However, the absence of a special regulation that explicitly regulates the procedure for making deeds electronically creates a legal vacuum and potential disharmony between the Notary Office Law and electronic transaction regulations. This research recommends a regulatory update with the addition of special provisions in the Notary Office Law regarding the concept, scope, and implementation mechanism of cyber notary. The contribution of this research lies in offering a normative solution to the legitimisation of electronic authentic deeds in the national legal system.
 
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kekuatan hukum akta autentik yang dibuat melalui media elektronik (cyber notary) dalam sistem hukum Indonesia serta menelaah batas kewenangan Notaris dalam praktik kenotariatan digital. Urgensi penelitian ini terletak pada kebutuhan pembaruan hukum untuk menjamin legalitas dan efektivitas implementasi cyber notary tanpa mengabaikan prinsip keautentikan akta. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan doktrin hukum untuk menilai kesesuaian antara norma hukum positif dengan praktik masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik cyber notary dapat diakui secara hukum sepanjang seluruh unsur formil dan materiil terpenuhi sesuai dengan ketentuan Pasal 1868 KUHPerdata. Namun, belum adanya regulasi khusus yang secara eksplisit mengatur prosedur pembuatan akta secara elektronik menimbulkan kekosongan hukum dan potensi disharmonisasi antara Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris dengan regulasi transaksi elektronik. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pembaruan regulasi dengan penambahan ketentuan khusus dalam Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris mengenai konsep, ruang lingkup, dan mekanisme pelaksanaan cyber notary. Kontribusi penelitian ini terletak pada tawaran solusi normatif terhadap legitimasi akta autentik elektronik dalam sistem hukum nasional.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of the principles of unlawful acts and environmental justice to companies, obstacles to law enforcement, and the monitoring and enforcement system related to environmental damage in Indonesia. Environmental damage caused by corporate activities is a global issue. Companies often ignore ecological impacts, threaten biodiversity, and harm surrounding communities, requiring strict law enforcement. Law enforcement against companies that damage the environment in Indonesia faces major obstacles, such as a lack of effective supervision, corruption, and political influence, which hinder corporate responsibility for environmental damage. This study offers a novel perspective by focusing on the legal responsibility of perpetrators of land damage, moving beyond previous research that primarily discussed the government's right to sue for unlawful acts. This study uses a normative juridical approach with analysis of legal regulations, principles of corporate responsibility, and environmental justice, using secondary data analyzed qualitatively. The results indicate that corporate responsibility for environmental damage from the perspective of unlawful acts and environmental justice in Indonesia still faces obstacles. Although regulations govern corporate responsibility, applying the principles is ineffective due to political influence, corruption, and weak monitoring. Strengthening regulatory institutions, implementing transparent reporting systems, and imposing stricter sanctions on companies damaging the environment are important steps to ensure justice. Developed countries can serve as models for improving Indonesia’s law enforcement system.

Teachers have roles and responsibilities that must be carried out in the learning process to educate, direct students. The study aims to analyze the role of Civics teachers in increasing students' interest in learning through problem-based learning innovations at UPTD SMP Negeri 2 Mandrehe Barat. Research method, qualitative method descriptive approach. Data collection techniques: observation, interview, documentation. Informants: principal, Civics teacher, students. Results, conclusions: first, the teacher acts as a facilitator, helping students understand the problem, providing instructions and guiding students to think critically and find solutions to existing problems; second, the obstacles faced, lack of student motivation to follow the learning process, limited learning resources, different student abilities, analyzing problems so that it takes a long time; third, efforts made to overcome obstacles, teachers provide motivation to students, then seek various learning resources by accessing journals, modules, as learning resources.

Discipline in education is necessary for students to understand moral and social boundaries. The practice of disciplining (corporal punishment) against students is still debatable. Some people consider it a form of violence against children that contradicts the principles of child protection in Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection. A dilemma arises regarding the limits of the teacher's authority in disciplining students and whether these actions can be categorized as criminal acts or are still included in the realm of education. Article 14 of Law No. 14/2005 on Teachers and Lecturers states that teachers have the right to impose sanctions on students who violate norms, rules, and academic ethics. This research is normative research. The results of this research are: (1) The provision of corporal punishment by teachers against students who violate religious norms, norms of decency, norms of politeness, written and unwritten rules set by teachers in the learning process cannot be categorized as acts against criminal law if the corporal punishment carried out by the teacher does not exceed the limits of reasonableness or punishment that is educational in nature in accordance with the teacher's code of ethics. (2) The application of mediation as a form of protection for teachers regulated in Article 4 paragraph 2 of Permendikbud Number 10 of 2017, where mediation is a form of implementation of restorative justice values creating a space for peaceful problem solving that considers the interests of students, teachers and students. The application of mediation as a form of protection for teachers regulated in Article 4 paragraph 2 of Permendikbud Number 10 of 2017, where mediation is a form of implementation of restorative justice values creating a space for peaceful problem solving that considers the interests of students, teachers, and the school community.