This research investigates the role of context in pragmatic interpretation, focusing on how context influences the understanding of meaning in communication. By examining various aspects such as implicature, deixis, presuppositions, and speech acts, the study highlights how speakers and listeners navigate meaning through contextual clues. The research employs a qualitative approach, gathering data from real-life interactions, including interviews and observations. Findings reveal that context is not just a passive backdrop but an active participant in shaping meaning, particularly in intercultural communication. This study emphasizes the dynamic nature of context and its indispensable role in pragmatic interpretation, offering insights for language teaching, intercultural communication, and artificial intelligence applications.

This study aims to analyze the difficulties faced by teachers in utilizing digital media for teaching the Sun, Moon, and Earth concepts in English at primary schools. The research employs a qualitative approach through case studies conducted at SDN 060842 Sekip Medan. Findings reveal that limited facilities, lack of teacher proficiency in technology, and distractions during lessons are significant challenges. Despite these hurdles, the use of digital media is crucial for enhancing students' understanding of abstract concepts, as it provides interactive learning opportunities. The study proposes several solutions, including training sessions for teachers and increasing access to technological resources, to improve the integration of digital media into classroom instruction.

This study analyzes speech acts used by students in academic and social interactions. Speech acts are part of pragmatic studies that describe how language is used in everyday communication. This study aims to identify the forms, functions, and differences in the characteristics of speech acts in both contexts. The methods used in this study include observation, interviews, recording, transcription, and literature review by analyzing various relevant literature. The results of the study indicate that in academic interactions, students more often use representative and directive speech acts to convey information and give instructions, while in social interactions, they use more expressive and commissive speech acts to build relationships and express emotions. Factors that influence these differences include the context of the situation, relationships with interlocutors, the influence of media and technology, and cultural background. The conclusion of this study confirms that understanding speech acts is very important in improving the effectiveness of student communication in both academic and social environments. The implications of this study can be used to develop better communication strategies in higher education environments and increase students' awareness of the use of appropriate language in various contexts.

Appreciation of children's literature is an important part of language and literature education at the elementary level because it can foster emotional sensitivity, aesthetics, and moral understanding of students from an early age. In order to increase the effectiveness of the process of appreciating children's literature, paraphrastic and analytical approaches can be applied productively to explore the meaning and values contained in literary works. The paraphrastic approach allows students to re-express the contents of the story in their own words, so that they can train their reading comprehension skills, critical thinking, and active language skills. Meanwhile, the analytical approach directs students to examine the intrinsic and extrinsic elements of literary works, such as characters, plot, setting, morals, and the socio-cultural context behind them. The combination of these two approaches not only improves students' cognitive abilities in understanding literature, but also fosters an appreciative and creative attitude in responding to literary works. The application of this strategy can be done through intensive reading activities, group discussions, rewriting stories, and the use of relevant digital media. Thus, appreciation of children's literature becomes an active, fun, and meaningful process, while supporting the development of students' literacy and character holistically.

Arabic literature has undergone significant development from pre-Islamic times to the modern era, reflecting social, cultural and intellectual changes in Arab civilization. Changes in literary works, whether in the form of poetry, prose, or novels, have also influenced the development of the Arabic language in terms of vocabulary, structure, and style of expression. This study aims to analyze how the evolution of Arabic literature impacts the development of the Arabic language by using qualitative research methods. The approach used is descriptive analysis with library research techniques, where data is collected from various sources, such as classical and modern literary works, academic journals, and previous studies that discuss the relationship between literature and language. The results show that Arabic literature plays a role in the formation of modern Arabic through vocabulary enrichment, syntactic innovation, and the spread of various dialects. In addition, the influence of literature on language is also seen in the context of education and mass media. By understanding the close relationship between literature and language, this research is expected to provide new insights for the study of Arabic linguistics as well as the preservation of literary wealth in language development.

. This article explores four foundational pillars of Arabic semantics: Isytiqaq (derivation), Taraduf (synonymy), Isytirok (polysemy), and Tadladh (antonymy). These concepts are crucial for understanding the dynamic and layered nature of meaning in classical Arabic texts, including the Qur'an, Hadith, and classical Arabic literature. Isytiqaq provides insight into the origin and development of words through their root structures, while Taraduf illustrates the richness of Arabic vocabulary through synonymous expressions. Isytirok addresses the phenomenon of a single word carrying multiple meanings based on context, and Tadladh reveals semantic oppositions that enhance rhetorical expression and textual clarity. This study emphasizes the importance of these four semantic pillars in linguistic analysis and interpretation, highlighting their role in the beauty and precision of the Arabic language.

The plural contrastive analysis in the book of Fathul Qorib is very important because there are many plural formations and there are many errors in making plural forms in Arabic. This is due to a lack of understanding of easier ways to form plural words. This research has a research focus: (1) How plurals are formed in Arabic and Indonesian. (2) What are the similarities and differences in plural formation in Arabic and Indonesian. This research uses a type of research (library research), namely collecting data obtained through research on books, journals, books and websites. Data capture method. This research uses a cooperative descriptive method. The results of this research show that the plural in Arabic contained in the book of fathul qorib consists of the plural muannas salim 69 words, the plural mudzakar salim 79 words and the plural takir 192 words. Meanwhile, the plural in Indonesian contained in the translation of the book of Fathul Qorib consists of a total of 84 words reduplication, 4 partial reduplications, 2 words reduplication of other forms and 11 words affixing reduplication. The similarity in the formation of plurals in Arabic and Indonesian lies in the suffixes or addition of plural meanings. Meanwhile, the differences are: The plural in Indonesian does not recognize the form of tadzkir, is not used for absolutes, reduplication can be used as a plural formation and in Indonesian it does not recognize wazan or pattern while Arabic recognizes the form of tadzkir, there is a division between sensible and non-sensical or mulak, process reduplication cannot be used as a plural marker, whereas in Arabic wazan or the plural pattern takir can be used as a plural word formation.

This study aims to analyze the language errors contained in the text of the anecdote by class X MAN 1 Tasikmalaya students in the category of phonology, morphology, syntax, semantic, and spelling. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach with a descriptive method of analysis. Research is conducted through several stages, i.e. (1) data collection, (2) data description, (3) data analysis, and (4) yield. Data collection techniques used include observation, interviews, and library studies. Research data is taken from the anecdote text made by students, then analyzed to identify the form of errors in language. The results of the study show that there are errors in various linguistic aspects, including phonology errors in the form of pronunciation and letter writing, morphology errors in the formation of words, syntactic errors in the preparation of sentences, as well as semantic errors that cause meaning to be ambiguous or inappropriate. In addition, there was also an error in the use of spelling, such as a mistake in writing punctuation and capital letters. Based on the results, this study is expected to contribute in learning Indonesian, especially in improving students' abilities in writing texts that match the language rules.

This study aims to analyze the models and strategies of prose teaching, specifically Hikayat, at SMK Negeri 4 Medan. The teaching of prose plays a significant role in enhancing students' literacy, deepening appreciation for literary works, and instilling moral and local cultural values. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative, which includes observation, interviews, and documentation, with an emphasis on the implementation of teaching strategies by Indonesian language teachers. The results of the study show that the learning process at this vocational school faces various challenges, such as low student interest and limitations in literacy. To address these issues, teachers integrate theory with practice, utilize multimedia-based technology, and implement group discussions to encourage active student participation. Evaluation is conducted through student work presentations, combining literacy assessment and speaking skills. Recommendations from this study include the development of innovative, technology-based approaches and increased student engagement in the learning process to create more effective and meaningful learning experiences.

Based on the background of the title I took, and I am an employee at one of the manufacturing companies in Batam. Therefore, I raised the title about translating Occupational Health and Safety documents in order to provide a breakthrough for employees to understand and comprehend, even though they do not fully understand foreign languages, especially English, so that there is no misunderstanding of communication that has fatal consequences for employees and the company where we work. Rojak and Handayani (2023) stated that language barriers in translating Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) technical documents can affect the effectiveness of safety communication in the workplace. This study aims to analyze the level of accuracy of translating Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) terms from English to Indonesian in the manufacturing industry based on a literature review of 15 recent journals, where the results of this study explain that incompatibility or dissimilarity in translation has the potential to cause miscommunication that is very dangerous to the safety of employees and employees in a company. The research that I did is not solely for employees and employees in the company where I work, but for all employees and employees wherever they work, especially in the manufacturing industry. The definition of manufacturing industry is a company or industrial body that processes raw materials into products or semi-finished materials and from semi-finished materials into products, which processing can be done mechanically or chemically.

This research aims to describe the conformity of the discourse in JawaPos.com with exposition text structure material. The research method used is qualitative descriptive research. The data source for this research comes from the online mass media JawaPos.com. The data taken was in the form of fifteen exposition discourses in the January-February 2025 edition of JawaPos.com. The data collection technique used in this research was data collection by observation, documentation, and note-taking. The data analysis technique in this research uses the Miles and Huberman model, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research results showed that of the fifteen exposition discourses analyzed, there were two discourses that did not match the structure of the exposition text. Thirteen other expository discourses have a complete and appropriate expository text structure, consisting of a thesis, argumentation and reaffirmation.

Digital learning applications like HeyJapan are increasingly popular. User reviews on platforms such as Google Play Store contain valuable information on user perceptions and experiences. To process this information systematically, this study employs a Natural Language Processing (NLP) approach to analyze sentiment toward the HeyJapan application. Data was collected using web scraping techniques with Python and the google play scraper library, resulting in 1,000 latest user reviews. The analysis included data collection, preprocessing, sentiment labeling using TextBlob, visualization, modeling with Logistic Regression, and evaluation. After preprocessing, 923 valid reviews were classified into three sentiment categories based on polarity which are positive, neutral, and negative. Results showed 71.4% of reviews positive, 26.1% neutral, and 2.5% negative. Visualizations in pie charts and word clouds provided an overview of user perceptions. Modeling with TF-IDF and Logistic Regression achieved 88% accuracy with the highest f1-score in the positive sentiment category. Evaluation indicates the model is fairly reliable in classifying sentiments, especially for positive and neutral categories, though negative sentiment classification needs improvement. This study shows the NLP approach can evaluate user perceptions of educational applications based on reviews and serve as a basis for improving foreign language learning app quality.

This research examines the use of technology in increasing learning interactivity in Indonesia. The aim of the research is to analyze various forms of educational technology used, identify their impact on learning interactivity, and explore the challenges and opportunities in their implementation. The method used is a systematic literature review by analyzing published scientific articles. The research results show that the use of technology such as learning management systems, augmented reality, and artificial intelligence significantly increases learning interactivity. However, there are challenges such as limited infrastructure and digital competence of educators. In conclusion, the use of technology has great potential in increasing learning interactivity, but requires a comprehensive and sustainable implementation strategy.

This research aims to describe students' reading interest, to explain students' ability to write expository texts, and to prove the correlation between reading interest and the ability to write expository texts of class X students at SMA Negeri 1 Gowa. The population of this study was 432 students. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. The sample in this research was class X.7 students, totaling 36 students. The data collection technique uses a reading interest questionnaire and an expository text writing ability test. The validity test uses the product formula, there are 36 or all statements are valid because the calculated r is greater than the r table, data analysis uses descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis. The results of the research data description show that students' reading interest can be said to be in the high category with a percentage of 36% and students' ability to write expository texts is in the medium category with a percentage of 42%. From the results of descriptive statistical analysis using the product moment correlation formula, it can be seen that the level of relationship between interest in reading and the ability to write expository texts obtained a calculated r value of 0.782. Meanwhile, the r table with N=36 at the 5% significance level is 0.329. These results show that r count > r table, indicating that there is a positive and significant relationship between interest in reading and the ability to write expository texts in class X SMA Negeri 1 Gowa for the 2024/2025 academic year.

Language and semiotics have a close relationship and are interrelated. Language is a system of signs that humans use to communicate, while semiotics is the science that studies signs. Semiotics is a science that studies signs. This paper aims to describe the semiotic studies contained in the lyrics of the albums "Human" and "Monochrome". Apart from that, it also describes the albums "Humans" and Monochrome" as learning material for analyzing poetry texts in class X SMA. This research uses a descriptive approach using a qualitative method. The descriptive approach utilizes data in the form of a deep understanding of the use of semiotic signs in song lyrics, as well as being able to understand the meaning and context in their use. The conclusion of the analysis is as follows: Study of the semiotics of the lyrics of the albums "Manusia" and "Monochrome" by Tulus, that the signifiers found in this research are in the form of song lyrics, in the form of the suffixes a, u, i, ng, ar, am, ang. The signified found in this research is related to social reality, has meaning regarding the value of motivation towards other people, the value of optimism, and the value of love for someone as a whole of the song lyrics. The album "Human" and Monochrome" by Tulus can be used as learning material to analyze poetry texts in class X high school. Learning the semiotics of a collection of song lyrics from Tulus can improve students' ability to understand feelings, imagination, sensitivity and understanding of the characters depicted.

This research looks at the problem of what social, economic, and educational aspects are contained in the novel “Bekisar Merah” by Ahmad Tohari. The purpose of this research is to obtain the results of the analysis of the novel using the sociology of literature approach. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research and the data used in conducting this research are sentences and dialogues that show social aspects, economic aspects, and educational aspects in the novel “Bekisar Merah” by Ahmad Tohari. The data collection techniques used in this research are reading and note-taking techniques. The results of this research are social aspects, economic aspects and educational aspects contained in the novel “Bekisar Merah” by Ahmad Tohari.

The vocabulary of the Banjar Pabaungan language is slightly different from most of the Hulu languages ??in South Kalimantan. Differences in vocabulary in the Banjar Pabaungan language are an obstacle for people to communicate with people outside the region. This research aims to enrich knowledge of regional languages ??that are not widely known to the public. This research uses qualitative methods from interviews, asking questions, documentation, and interacting with the researcher's parents as research subjects. Researchers also use comparative methods to compare two or more languages ??that originate from a common ancestor. Samples of kakarik, kalamari, and sabura vocabulary were obtained. The vocabulary of kakarik comes from the Bakumpai language which means broom made from dried coconut tree leaf sticks. The word kalamari comes from the Bukit language, meaning dusk. The word sabura is the name of a boat propeller engine called jukung in Banjar language. The Banjar Pabaungan language shows a variety of vocabulary that reflects the cultural identity of the local community. Research on vocabulary in the Banjar Pabaungan language shows that there are phonological variations. By understanding and using regional language vocabulary, we can strengthen cultural identity and improve communication between communities.

This study aims to analyze language errors found in public media such as banners, posters, and billboards in Medan City. The errors analyzed include morphological, phonological, syntactic, lexical, and spelling mistakes that do not align with the Indonesian Language Spelling System (PUEBI) and the Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI). The method used is qualitative descriptive, with data collection through direct observation of public media in various locations in Medan City. The results show that language errors are generally caused by a lack of understanding of correct language rules, limited knowledge, and the use of everyday language mixed with colloquial or regional languages. The proposed solutions to address these issues are providing training for media creators, creating clearer language guidelines, and utilizing language technology for automatic spelling checks. The implications of this study are to raise public awareness about the importance of using proper and accurate Indonesian in public media, to support effective communication, and to avoid miscommunication.

The following article has the following objectives: (1) to understand the meaning of role playing (2) the purpose of implementing role playing (3) the function and provisions in implementing the role playing model for elementary school students (4) the advantages and disadvantages of using role playing. In implementing role playing, there are quite good benefits for training and increasing creativity and understanding students' learning and mathematical concepts, especially at the elementary level. At that age, a strong understanding is needed because they are not yet able to think abstractly. Therefore, a method is needed that emphasizes the concept so that it is easier for students to learn mathematics. It is also necessary to make more efforts to emphasize understanding the concept so that students have a good enough basis for thinking to achieve other cognitive abilities.

Feminism studies are studies that focus on the movement of women to gain freedom and determine themselves. In this beautiful novel Luka depicts the oppression of women during the Japanese colonial period. The beautiful novel Luka shows the resilience of a mixed Dutch and native woman who was detained by the Japanese army and had to be forced to work as a prostitute. The problem of this research is what is the psychological aspect of feminism analysis contained in the beautiful novel Luka by Eka Kurniawan? What is the social aspect of feminism analysis? contained in the novel "beautiful wound" by Eka Kurniawan. This research aims to find out: analysis of feminism, social aspects contained in the novel "beautiful wound" by Eka Kurniawan. The theory used by the author is mana sikana theory (2005), Ghajali, et al (1980), Ahmad Fauzi (1999). The authors used descriptive methods to conduct this research. The technique used was hermaneutic techniques. The type of research was library research. Research results (1) psychological aspects divided into character (character) thinking, taste, and emotional pressure (2) social aspects are divided into socialization process, social tasks, character (character) thinking, emotion, action, and reactions, flavors were found to be environmental factors and were influenced by age. Feelings of pressure were found to be frustration involving feelings of disappointment, sadness, sadness and suffering in each female character. Social aspects, especially the socialization process based on formal and informal education. Social tasks based on the role of wives and society. Social classes are based on lower, middle and upper class categories.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of advertising-based learning strategies in training Arabic language skills of students at Tadzibun Nasyiin Elementary School. By utilizing the activity of making and reading advertisements both posters, brochures, and oral announcements students are encouraged to apply Arabic vocabulary and sentence structures contextually. Descriptive qualitative methods were used through classroom observations, interviews with teachers and students, and documentation of the results of advertising work. The results showed an increase in active participation and student confidence by an average of in the aspects of Arabic speaking and writing skills. The activity of making advertisements successfully facilitated the use of new vocabulary, while reading advertisements trained fluency and pronunciation. Thus, advertising-based strategies are recommended as an innovative alternative in Arabic language learning at the elementary school level.

This study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the gay community, including their identity, social dynamics, and the challenges they face. In addition, this study aims to identify factors that influence public perception of the gay community and how stigma and discrimination develop. The method used is qualitative, which is a research approach that aims to understand the meaning, experience, and perspective of individuals or groups in a particular context. The data in this study were obtained from the analysis of the podcast "Close The Door" by Deddy Corbuzier which features an interview with a content creator who is part of the LGBT (gay) community. Through this analysis, the study seeks to uncover how narratives that develop in the media can influence public opinion. The results of the study are expected to provide a clearer understanding of the existence of the gay community in the social structure, as well as assist policy makers in designing regulations that are more inclusive and support diversity.

The purpose of this classroom action research is to use the problem-based learning paradigm to improve the skills of twenty-four fourth-grade students at SDN Pakis 1 Surabaya in producing transitive and intransitive sentences. Methods such as observation, testing, and documentation were used to collect data. Two phases formed this investigation. Students of class IV A improved their learning outcomes for the formation of transitive and intransitive sentences according to the classroom action research. In cycle I, the average score was 72, or 45%, or 11 students. In cycle II, it jumped to 80, or 83%, or 20 students. This study found that in the 2024-2025 academic year, students in class IV A at SDN Pakis 1 Surabaya were able to improve their capacity to create transitive and intransitive sentences by using the problem-based learning paradigm. Problem-Based Learning is known as a learning method that involves identifying a problem and then assigning students to solve it, thus making students more active and able to understand the material during the learning process.
Transitive and Intransitive Sentences, Problem-Based Learning (PBL), Classroom Action Research, and Improving Student Learning Outcomes.

The waning enthusiasm for preserving the nation's wealth, one of which is regional languages, has become a serious problem that has occurred in recent years. However, only a few Indonesian people are aware of it. Regional languages, especially Serang Javanese, are on the verge of extinction. According to the data obtained, there are three million speakers of Serang Javanese, while the majority of Jaseng (Serang Javanese) speakers are in Cilegon, Serang and a small number in Tangerang, Banten Province. Unfortunately, Banten Javanese language users are starting to be eroded by the progress of the times, people are more in favor of slang communication, South Jakarta language, and the influence of other foreign languages. If the number of speakers decreases from before, it is possible that in the next few years the Jaseng language will experience extinction, which will result in the loss of the local wisdom of the people of Serang district. The good news is that the role of social media, which does not always have a negative impact on society, is actually one of the savior media in preventing the extinction of regional languages. One of them was proven by the owner of an influencer Instagram account from Serang who planned to create content that speaks the Serang Javanese language even though it is part of the code-mixing phenomenon. This research aims to reveal every content with the concept of the code-mixing phenomenon in Mang Aplen's Instagram account in detail, starting from the words, phrases and particles used in the communication. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method which is carried out by analyzing data obtained from speech on Instagram content. The results obtained from this analysis are that there are several single words, phrases, affixes, word repetitions and particles of the Serang Javanese language, dialects and customary activities of the Serang Banten people in the context of entertainment, which are very popular with the community, which reflects the maintenance of the Serang Javanese language. and the local wisdom of the Serang Regency community, this is believed to be able to build community enthusiasm in maintaining the Jaseng language and the local wisdom of the Serang community so that it remains sustainable and strong.

This study aims to analyze the religious values ??in the poem Wirid Orang Tertindas by Emha Ainun Nadjib. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative through a religious approach, the data collection technique in this study is using the reading and note-taking technique. In accordance with the results of the study, religious values ??are found in the poem Wirid Orang Tertindas by Emha Ainun Nadjib, including the values ??of faith and piety. Based on the results of the analysis, literary works that contain religious values ??can be used as learning in society.

This study aims to identify and analyze language errors at the syntactic level in the article entitled "Improving the Literacy Culture of Reading and Writing Through Students' Habituation in the Classroom." The focus of the research is on errors in sentence structure, punctuation, and other syntactic issues that may hinder effective communication in academic writing. This study employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, aimed at providing a systematic, factual, and accurate description of a particular object. The data collection technique used in this research is reading and recording techniques, where the article is analyzed thoroughly to identify any linguistic mistakes. The findings of the study revealed several types of errors in the analyzed article, including spelling errors, improper use of punctuation, ineffective sentence structures, mischoices of words (diction), and inconsistencies in language usage. These errors affect the clarity and professionalism of the article. Based on these findings, this study emphasizes the importance of understanding and applying the Indonesian language rules as outlined in the General Guidelines for Indonesian Spelling (PUEBI). By adhering to these guidelines, writers can improve their writing skills, making their academic papers more effective, clear, and in accordance with established language norms. This research contributes to enhancing the quality of academic writing by highlighting areas where language proficiency is crucial in conveying ideas clearly and accurately.

In this study, the goal is to compare the academic results of economics students from Pasuruan Public Secondary School 3 classes, which use the PBL learning model, inquiry-based learning and discovery-based learning. Consistent with the description of unequal groups, this study used an experimental methodology that included three types of trials, each using a unique teaching model. An analysis of the pretest and posttest results was carried out to identify possible differences in the academic performance of the students. Although several teaching models were implemented, The findings showed that there was no significant difference in academic performance across the three groups. The Kruskal-Wallis test produces an Asymp value. signature. of 0.274, which means there is no significant difference between learning models. Therefore, the application of the PBL, inquiry and discovery learning model can be said to have no significant effect on student academic achievement.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the learning process. Based on observations of teacher activities during Cycle I, teacher engagement increased from 65% in the first meeting to 81% in the second meeting. This improvement indicates that teacher activity falls within the "good" category. However, not all observed indicators were fully met in each session. In contrast, student activity during the learning process was categorized as "fair," with 61% in the first meeting and 75% in the second meeting. The results of the action test in Cycle I showed that classical learning mastery reached only 36%, which did not meet the predetermined target of 85%. The classical absorption rate was 63%, also falling short of the expected 65%. Out of all students, 8 achieved learning mastery, while 14 did not. This was primarily due to a lack of motivation and limited understanding of the concepts being taught. Based on the observations of both teacher and student activities and the Cycle I test results, the researcher proceeded with Cycle II in an effort to make the learning process more effective and efficient. The teacher made efforts to reflect on and address the shortcomings from Cycle I.

This Research aims to determine the influence of the use of slang among teenagers, especially among students. Slang is a Variation of language that develops among young people and is characterized by non-standard vocabulary, often influencer by popular culture and social media. This Research uses a qualitative approach with phenomenological methods to explore subjective understanding regarding the use of slang. The Research results show that slang can influence communication, social identity and the development of the Indonesian language. The use of slang allows for more relaxed communication and strengthens social relationship among teenagers. However, excessive use can interfere with understanding formal language, potentially causing misunderstandings and reducing good language skills in formal situations. Therefore, it is important to use slang wisely according to the context and situation. 

This study aims to analyze the difficulties faced by phase B learners in primary schools in the skill of writing description essays. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach, which involves observation and in-depth interviews with 20 learners. The results of the analysis showed that the difficulties in writing description essays resulted from several factors, including a lack of understanding of text structure, a lack of vocabulary, and a lack of motivation to learn. In addition, environmental factors such as support from parents and teachers also affect students' writing ability. This research is expected to provide insights for teachers and related parties in improving description essay writing skills so that students can develop optimally.

Clinical supervision is a strategic approach in improving the quality of learning through mentoring and teacher training in a planned, focused and sustainable manner. This approach communicates collaboration between supervisors and teachers in analyzing and improving learning practices in the classroom. This article discusses the role of clinical supervision in identifying teachers' professional needs, providing constructive feedback, and supporting the development of relevant pedagogical skills. The research results show that the implementation of effective clinical supervision can increase teacher competence, improve teaching methods, and create a more optimal learning environment for students. Additionally, clinical supervision also encourages a culture of reflection and continuous learning.

This research is a qualitative descriptive study which aims to describe and analyze politeness in language between characters and then describe the problem as a meaning or new information through the Maxims of content in the Novel Suluh Rindu. The data source for this research is to know the contents of the Novel Suluh Rindu, namely there are 6, then the data collection technique in this research uses reading techniques and note-taking techniques. The data analysis techniques in this research are data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this research show 1) The wisdom Maxim (tax Maxim) 2) Generosity Maxim  3) Approbation Maxim contained 4) The Modesty Maxim 5) The sympathy Maxim contained in the novel Suluh Miss by Habiburrahman El Shirazy means that in this 6) The Maxim of Agreement (agremeent Maxim) contained in the novel suluh longing by Habiburrahman El Shirazy means that in this novel it functions as a reminder of the importance of tolerance and respect for differences of opinion. By agreeing with other people's opinions and beliefs, we can show that we respect them.

This study aims to explore the structure and social values contained in the short story Sekotak Cinta Bersampul Koran by Seno Gumira Ajidarma with a focus on how this short story describes the social conditions of society and the inner struggle of the main character. Through a literary analysis approach, this study analyzes the story structure, characters, themes, and storytelling techniques used in the short story. The results of the analysis show that this short story reflects the social alienation experienced by individuals in modern life, as well as the inner conflicts that arise due to social and economic injustice. It also highlights the values of love and sacrifice, friendship and solidarity, and social justice and injustice, leading to a critique of materialistic social norms. A clear plot structure, starting from introduction, conflict, climax, to resolution, supports the delivery of the theme, showing the inner struggle of the main character in finding the meaning of life and love in the midst of social limitations. This research is expected to provide deeper insights into the influence of literature in reflecting social issues and enriching readers' understanding of Indonesian literary works, as well as inviting readers to be more critical in assessing literary works as a reflection of existing social reality.

Education in early childhood is the main foundation in individual development, especially in forming personality, social skills and cognitive abilities. One important aspect in early childhood education is the introduction of language, especially English which acts as a global lingua franca. This research analyses the effectiveness of the bilingual program in improving the English language skills of KG 1 students at Kiddos Preschool Gianyar. Bilingual programs are introduced through various methods such as educational games, songs, stories and murals that support language development in a natural and fun way. The research results show that this program has a positive impact on the development of students' vocabulary, comprehension and speaking skills. Factors such as interactive teaching methods, teacher and parent support, and the availability of adequate learning resources are the keys to the success of this program. Suggestions are given to increase the effectiveness of the program through innovative learning methods and continuous training for teachers, as well as strengthening collaboration with parents.

This research aims to examine how elementary school teachers enhance students’ reading skills using Indonesian folklore as a learning medium. The study employed a qualitative descriptive approach, with data gathered through classroom observations, teacher interviews, and analysis of instructional materials. The results indicate that teachers apply various contextual teaching strategies, including guided reading, storytelling, group discussions, and vocabulary development using folklore texts. These methods help foster student engagement and improve reading comprehension. The study highlights the importance of integrating local cultural content into literacy instruction at the primary education level.

This article discusses the lyrics of the song “Rasa Ini” by Vierratale as a representation of hidden feelings of love, emotional wounds, and doubts in relationships. Through a qualitative descriptive approach and Roland Barthes’ semiotic theory and Grice’s implicature theory, this article analyzes the figurative meaning in the song lyrics, especially the use of metaphor, symbolism, signs, connotation, denotation, and emotional narrative structures that emerge through a first-person perspective. The findings show that the lyrics of this song not only convey messages verbally, but also describe a strong inner mood through visualization of imagery, melody, musical nuances, and supporting poetic emotions. The presence of the background of the songwriter, Kevin Aprilio, also enriches the intertextual meaning that is manifested in the authenticity of emotions. This song is also a mirror of popular culture that reflects the dynamics of love in Indonesian society, especially love that is not conveyed directly, internalized in personal experiences, the psychology of the listener, and expressions of cultural identity.

Early reading ability is a basic skill that is important to be mastered by early grade students as a foundation for learning at a higher level. However, based on observations in class 1B of SD Negeri 104202 Bandar Setia Village, it was found that many students had difficulty in early reading, such as recognizing letters, combining letters into words, and understanding the meaning of simple words. This study aims to improve students' early reading ability through the use of picture media. This study uses the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method which is carried out in two cycles. Each cycle consists of the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this study were 29 students of class 1B of SD Negeri 104202 Bandar Setia Village. This study was conducted at SD Negeri 104202 Bandar Setia Village on Jl. Terusan Dusun V, Bandar Khalifah, Kec. Percut Sei Tuan, Deli Serdang Regency. Data were collected through observation, reading ability test results, and documentation. The results showed that the use of picture media significantly improved students' early reading ability. The improvement is seen from the results of the reading ability test, active student participation during learning, and increased student interest in learning. This can be seen from the results of the assessment carried out starting from the pre-cycle, cycle 1 and cycle 2. The use of visual media to improve Indonesian literacy in elementary schools can improve achievement, ability, and improve student learning outcomes at SD Negeri 104202 Bandar Setia Village. In addition, image media helps students understand the material more easily in a fun and interesting way. The conclusion of this study is that image media is effective as a learning aid to improve early reading skills in early grades. It is hoped that teachers can continue to develop visual-based learning media to create a more interesting and interactive learning atmosphere.

This study explores efforts to improve literacy and numeracy through collaboration between teachers and students in the Teaching Campus Program at SD Negeri 03 Geragahan. Literacy and numeracy are essential skills in primary education, but many schools in remote areas still face challenges in achieving expected standards. The study aims to identify and evaluate the effectiveness of this program. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study design. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and then analyzed using thematic analysis. The results show that the Teaching Campus Program has a significant positive impact on improving students' literacy and numeracy. There was an increase in reading ability, reading comprehension, reading interest, arithmetic ability, understanding of mathematical concepts, and interest in learning mathematics. The implications of this research highlight the importance of support and commitment from all parties involved in the program to ensure its sustainability and success. This research makes a significant contribution to efforts to improve the quality of education in remote areas and can serve as a reference for similar programs in the future.

The success of a school is greatly influenced by the role of the principal's leadership in managing educational resources and guiding teachers and school staff towards achieving optimal educational goals. Principal leadership includes the ability to plan, organize, motivate, and direct all potentials in the school to achieve quality education. The principal as a leader is not only tasked with administrative aspects, but also plays an important role in creating a conducive learning climate, supporting innovation in teaching, and improving teacher competence. This article discusses the concept, role, and challenges faced by principals in implementing leadership in schools, as well as strategies that can be applied to improve school performance. With effective leadership, principals are able to bring positive changes to the progress of education in their schools.

This research aims to analyze the figure of speech of Figurecara (hyperbola) contained in a poem of Karya Sapardi Djoko Damono. This research method used a descriptive method. Judging from the secondary data source of this problem formulation is sourced from internet sites besides that, also the supporting source or complete in the discussion of this issue from the literature study research. The data used in this study was that the short story by Eka Kurniawan, a data analysis text used the reading methods. The results showed that we found many of Figure of speech (Figure of hyperbola) in every stanzas we might find when reading the poem.

This research aims to determine the increase in the ability to use capital letters in class VI students by Applying The Assignment method in Indonesian language learning. This research is classroom action research, namely research carried out in the classroom as an effort to examine, analyze and critically a teacher's learning plan, teacher interactions with students, and how students interact in class. Increased implementation of the learning process in class from cycle I with an average score of 62,37% with the category not having reached the predetermined success criteria, and in cycle II with a score reaching 84,04%. This means that the research indicators have been achieved and there is no need to continue in the next cycle.

This study aims to analyze i‘rab in Arabic syntax from two main perspectives: classical nahwu theory and modern linguistic approaches, as well as to evaluate the application of i‘rab in the construction of Arabic sentences. I‘rab refers to the inflection of a word’s ending, which indicates its syntactic function in a sentence, playing a crucial role in determining the meaning and structure of the sentence in Arabic. In the context of classical nahwu theory, as found in works such as Al-Kitab by Sibawaih and Al-Mufassal by Al-Zamakhsyari, i‘rab functions as a grammatical marker that helps to understand the relationships between the elements of a sentence, such as the subject, object, and complement. In contrast, modern linguistic approaches view i‘rab as one component in a more complex sentence structure, focusing on overall syntactic and semantic analysis. The research methodology employed is qualitative-descriptive with a content analysis approach, where data is collected from library studies covering primary literature in the fields of classical nahwu and modern linguistics. This study analyzes and compares the application of classical nahwu theory with modern linguistic approaches to i‘rab and its impact on understanding sentence structure in Arabic. The results show that although classical nahwu theory and modern linguistic approaches differ in their application of i‘rab, they complement each other in providing a more comprehensive understanding of Arabic sentence syntax. A proper understanding of i‘rab is essential not only in teaching Arabic but also in translating and interpreting Arabic texts, both in academic and practical contexts. This study is expected to contribute to the development of Arabic language teaching and serve as a reference for Arabic scholars interested in syntactic studies and its applications in Arabic sentence analysis.

This research is motivated by the symptoms of language selection in Ustazah Mumpuni Handayayekti, namely code switching and code mixing. The objectives of this study are 1) to describe the form of code switching in Ustazah Mumpuni Handayayekti's lecture, 2) to describe the factors causing code switching in Ustazah Mumpuni Handayayekti's lecture, 3) to describe the form of code mixing in Ustazah Mumpuni Handayayekti's lecture, 4) to describe the factors causing code mixing in Ustazah Mumpuni Handayayekti's lecture. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. The data source in this research is Ustazah Mumpuni Handayayekti's lecture video on Youtube. The data in this study are the speech of Ustazah Mumpuni Handayayekti which allegedly contains symptoms of code switching and code mixing. The data collection method in this research uses the listening method. As for the data collection technique, this research uses free listening and note-taking techniques. The data analysis method in this research uses the agih method. The results of this study show that there are several types of code switching and code mixing done by Ustazah Mumpuni Handayayekti. The forms of code switching found in this study are 1) internal code switching, 2) external code switching. While the form of code mix found in this study is code mix in the form of words, phrases, idioms, baster, and repetition. Factors causing code switching in Ustazah Mumpuni Handayayekti's lectures include 1) speakers, 2) speech partners, 3) to ease tension and inject humor,  4) changes in situation, and 5) changes in topic. While the factors causing code mix in Ustazah Mumpuni Handayayekti are 1) speakers, 2) limited word equivalents, 3) to generate a sense of humor, 4) to convey the message of cultural expression.

This study discusses how bingo games can increase students' self-confidence at the primary school level. Bingo was chosen due to its interactive and fun nature, which is expected to create a learning environment that supports the development of students' self-confidence. This study aims to evaluate the effect of using bingo games on students' courage to actively participate in class. The approach used is a literature study, by reviewing various sources such as journal articles, books, previous research, and other relevant documents published in the last five years. The analysis process was carried out through the stages of collecting literature sources, categorizing data, synthesizing information, and drawing conclusions. The results of the literature review show that the implementation of bingo games in learning has significant potential in increasing students' confidence, which is reflected in the increased courage to speak in front of the class, actively answer questions, and interact with peers. This study concludes that bingo games can be an effective alternative learning method to develop elementary school students' self-confidence.

This study aims to examine the role of reading self-help books in enchancing mental health awareness among secondary school students. The background is based on various mental health challenges faced by adolescents, such as academic pressure, physical and hormonal changes, and complex social dynamics exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The method used is a literature review analyzing relevant national and international studies. The findings indicate that independent reading of self-help books can improve mental health literacy, self-efficacy, stress management, and emotional regulation among students. Futhermore, cultural adaption and reflective guidance are important to maximize the effectiveness of this intervention. The implications of this study affirm that self-help books can be an effective tool in school-based mental health literacy programs, but structured support and collaboration among psychologists, educators, and students are necessary to achieve optimal outcomes. Thus, this approach can help reduce stigma and increase awareness and magement of mental health among adolescents.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the “Word Chemistry” technique in improving poetry writing skills of 8th-grade students at SMP Negeri 3 Maos during the 2024/2025 academic year. The background of this research lies in students’ limited ability to choose precise diction and express strong imagination in writing poetry. “Word Chemistry” is a creative technique that encourages imaginative exploration and combination of words, similar to chemical reactions, enriching students’ vocabulary and poetic expression. A quasi-experimental method was applied using a pretest-posttest design involving two groups: experimental and control. The primary instruments included poetry writing tests and scoring sheets assessing diction, imagery, creativity, and expression. Data analysis revealed a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores in the experimental group (p = 0.00000122), with 90.63% of students showing improvement, although most gains were categorized as low to moderate based on N-Gain analysis. The study concludes that the Word Chemistry technique significantly enhances students’ poetry writing skills and holds promise as a creative and enjoyable method for teaching literary expression.

Reza Indragiri Amriel's book "Ajari Ayah, Ya Nak!" was published in 2014 and offers a fresh perspective on the crucial role of parents, particularly fathers, in educating and guiding their children. The author invites readers to consider how father-child interactions can become a process of mutual learning, with a focus on the father's role as an educator and how children learn from their own experiences. The aim of this abstract is to examine the messages and values contained in the book, as well as its connection to the progress of family education in Indonesia. The book emphasizes the importance of fathers being actively involved in their children's education and how this can influence their character in the future. This article seeks to understand how Reza Indragiri Amriel portrays the role of fathers in family education and how this influences the personal development of children. We do so by employing a qualitative approach. The findings are expected to provide readers with an understanding of the importance of parental collaboration in educating their children.

This research aims to describe the perceptions of foreign speakers towards Indonesian language teaching materials based on local wisdom. This research is qualitative research with a qualitative descriptive research design. The data source in this research is foreign speakers who are studying Indonesian at the Bolasugi Language School. Research data was obtained by asking several questions that had been provided by the researcher. Data analysis was carried out using data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. The results of the research and discussion can be concluded that foreign speakers have a positive perception of local wisdom-based teaching materials. They feel that these teaching materials not only help in learning Indonesian, but also introduce local culture in an interesting and relevant way and that local wisdom-based teaching materials are able to achieve learning goals, such as improving language understanding, enriching vocabulary, and growing foreign speakers' confidence in using Indonesian.

Pragmatics is a branch of linguistics that studies the intent of speech. The material of this research is directive speech acts. Directive speech act is one type of speech act used by speakers to tell others to do certain actions. This research analyzes the directive speech acts in the Science Around Us learning video on the Pahamify YouTube Channel. The approach used to examine this research is using theoretical and methodological approaches. The theoretical approach used is a pragmatic approach while the methodological approach used is a qualitative descriptive approach. This research method uses a pragmatic and descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection in this analysis is through listening and note-taking techniques, and using the derivative technique of simak bebas libat cakap. Then, the data analysis technique uses the commensurate technique. And using formal and informal data presentation techniques. The results show that there are various types of directive speech acts used by speakers, such as asking, commanding, ordering, inviting, asking, pleading, suggesting and forcing. The act of asking dominates, showing the speaker's effort to actively involve the audience. The findings indicate that directive speech acts play an important role in creating effective interaction in science learning through video media. This research contributes to a better understanding of more in-depth about language use in the context of online learning.

This study aims to examine the strategy of meaning in Arabic language learning at SMA Terpadu Darut Tauhid with a focus on understanding narrative texts. Through a qualitative-descriptive approach, data were obtained from observations of learning activities, documentation, and in-depth interviews with teachers, students, and language program managers. The results of the study indicate that strategies such as Jigsaw, Index Card Match, and direct methods (al-thariqah al-mubasyarah) are effective in improving students' linguistic understanding and contextual values. The implementation of these strategies is carried out in an integrated manner in a daily language-based program, supported by a conducive religious environment. The use of narrative texts, especially the stories of the prophets and companions, not only enriches the mastery of mufradat and tarkib, but also becomes a means of internalizing the values ??of akhlakul karimah. The challenge of time constraints is overcome through creative approaches such as role-play and short dialogues. This study recommends the importance of integration between linguistic strategies and spiritual values ??in Arabic language learning in a religious-based educational environment.
 

The rapid advancement of digital technology has transformed the landscape of language learning, particularly in the post-pandemic era where self-directed learning through mobile applications and online platforms is increasingly common. This study explores the effectiveness of two popular digital tools LuvLingua and YouTube in supporting independent Japanese language learning among Indonesian university students. LuvLingua offers a structured, gamified approach suitable for beginners, while YouTube provides authentic and contextual exposure through real-life content. Using a descriptive quantitative method, this research involved twelve students from non-language majors who actively use both platforms to study Japanese. The findings reveal that each platform has distinct advantages: LuvLingua excels in foundational vocabulary and pronunciation, whereas YouTube significantly enhances listening skills and cultural understanding. The combination of both platforms yields optimal learning outcomes, although success heavily depends on learners’ motivation, discipline, and time management. This study contributes to the growing body of research on technology-assisted language learning and provides practical recommendations for learners, educators, and content developers.

This study uses the Make a Match learning methodology in class XI-B1 SMAN 9 Surabaya to increase student learning outcomes on short story text content. 36 students participated in two cycles of the study. Following the implementation of the Make a Match learning paradigm, the results demonstrated a significant increase in student participation and learning outcomes. Despite some students still falling short of the KKM, the number of students in cycle 1 who received good and very good categories grew. Every student outperformed the KKM in cycle 2, with 41.7% placing them in the outstanding group and 58.3% in the good category. This approach worked well to increase overall student participation and learning results.
 
 

This Classroom Action Research (PTK) aims to describe the improvement of learning outcomes and social emotional skills through differentiated learning process applied to the material of observation report text at SMA Negeri 21 Surabaya. This research uses a cycle design consisting of planning, observation, implementation and reflection. Data was collected through student worksheets, observation sheets, and questionnaires. The results showed an increase in learning outcomes by 17% in the first cycle, and 27% percent in the second cycle stage. Student learning outcomes are shown through the percentage of students who reach the minimum completeness criteria (KKM) which was initially 60% in the pre-cycle then increased to 77% in the second cycle, and increased to 100% in the second cycle. The results of students' socio-emotional skills are shown through observation sheets and questionnaires. This observation stage is carried out in two stages and the results are in the form of a comparison of social emotional skills before the differentiated learning approach and afterwards. 
 
 
 

Based on observations in classes XI-D2 of SMA Negeri 9 Surabaya, researchers found that there was a problem in learning, namely the lack of teacher skills in creating an effective learning atmosphere. This condition is the cause of students not being very active in learning, so that the achievement of their learning outcomes in the competence of analyzing the intrinsic elements of short story builders is not good. The focus of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the application of the "Literacy Tree" learning media as an effort to improve the skills of analyzing the intrinsic elements of short story builders. The research method applied is classroom action research. The technique used in this study is qualitative descriptive data analysis. This research was carried out in three stages, including, the pre-cycle stage, cycle one, and cycle two. The results of the study show that the activeness and learning outcomes of students have increased which occurs in the stages of cycle one and cycle two.

The problems of this research were students’ lack of vocabulary, lack of pronunciation, lost confident, a fear of making mistakes, and speaking English is difficult to learn. This research aimed to find out how the TGT method improves students' speaking ability and the significant factors in using the TGT method at SMPN 2 Padang. This research used purposive sampling and VIII.5 as sample in the classroom. This research used qualitative research design and Classroom Action Research approach that consisted 2 cycles, and has four stages, namely; planning, action, observation, and reflection. The instrument of this research was test; pre-test and post-test, observation sheet, and questionnaire. The research results showed a significant increase in students' speaking ability, the improvement of percentage was 18.75% from pre-test to post-test II. The questionnaire revealed that 88.12% of students preferred learning with intrinsic motivation, which showed that the importance of motivation in the learning process.

In the progress of the times, the use of the Indonesian language has gradually changed, there are several words in the Indonesian language whose reading has been changed, which has had a significant impact on the position of the Indonesian language as a national language and the nation's cultural identity. In this millennial era, many generations have grown up in an environment filled with technology which has made big changes in terms of communicating formally and informally. The influence of globalization and the popularity of English has also caused a shift communication preferences, where Indonesian may be less attractive to the Millennial Generation. Through literature review, data search was carried out to identify the language styles of the millennial generation and analyze it to find out the impact of using this language style. Search results shows the impact of the millennial generation's language style on the integrity of the Indonesian language in this era of globalization.
 
 
 
 

This research aims to: 1) Describe the implementation of package B equivalency education learning based on the independent curriculum at SPNF SKB 1 Samarinda city, 2) describe the factors that influence the success of the process of implementing package B equivalency education learning based on the independent curriculum at SPNF SKB 1 Samarinda city. This research rhis is descriptive research using a qualitative approach. Data sources for this research include heads of institutions, tutors and students studying at SPNF SKB 1 Samarinda city. Data collection uses observation, interviews and documentation studies. The data analysis technique uses the Mile and Huberman Model which includes data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. Triangulation was carried out to explain the validity of the data using source interviews and techniques. The results of the research show that: 1) The learning process for equivalent education package B based on the independent curriculum in SKB 1 samarinda city consists of three stages, namely planning learning, implementing learning, and assessing learning, 2) Factors that influence the success of implementing curriculum-based equivalent education package B learning. Independence, namely for internal factors, namely physical factors, and external factors, namely family, family economic conditions, and understanding of parents.

This research analyzes the novel "Tenggelamnya Kapal Van Der Wijck" by Hamka using a literary psychology approach, specifically using the personality structure according to Sigmund Freud, namely Id, Ego and Superego. The research method used is an explanatory qualitative approach using data from the novel. Data collection techniques were carried out through skimming and notation to quote quotes that were relevant to the characters and conflicts in the novel. Content and discourse analysis is used to identify the main themes, conflicts and character development in the novel. The results of the analysis show the psychological conflict experienced by the main character, Zainuddin, in his interactions with his environment, as well as a deep inner conflict due to love that does not reach Hayati. This research provides a comprehensive understanding of the characters and dynamics in the novel. Thus, this research can contribute to further understanding of literary and psychological works, as well as their relevance in understanding the human condition in everyday life.
 

This study aims to determine: the significant relationship between students' habit of listening to English songs and their ability to speak English among second semester students at English education Department of Universitas Bhinneka PGRI Tulungagung in the academic year 2023/2024. The researcher used quantitative research. The study used the correlational design. The populations in this research were second semester students at Study Program of English Education at Universitas Bhinneka PGRI in the academic year of 2023/2024 which consist of 20 students. The researcher used questionnaire and speaking test as the techniques to collect the data for the research. The result of the analysis in this study show that Pearson Correlation was 0.423. It means that the relationship between listening to English song habits and their ability to speak English was in moderate correlation. Further, the significance value of hypothesis testing is 0.063 which is higher than 0.05. Thus, it can be concluded that Ho is accepted and Ha was rejected. In the other words, there is no significant correlation between listening to English song habits and their ability to speak English.

Social life is inseperable from social interaction. This raises social problems in terms of cultural, religious, economic, educational, and politacal diversity. This research aims to reveal social criticism regarding socio-political problems correlated with Gillin and Gillin’s theory of social problems in novel 86 by Okky Madasari. The method used is descriptive qualitative method. The results of this study reveal three main issues of socio-political problems namely corruption, collusion, and nepotism. The most correlated influence is on economy, habits, and morals. However religion, education, and family issues are also related to these three elements. Economic problems are related to education, habits, religion, and family which have an impact on human behavior. The problem of habits is related to economics, education, morals, and religion which have an impact on the development of society. Moral issues are related to religion, habits, and education which have an impact on the character building of individuals or grups.

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of  ISPRING Suite 11 media on the learning outcomes of reading Indonesian for class IV at SD INPRES KAMPUNG PARANG REGENCY. GOWA. This type of research is One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design research. The sample used was 21 grade IV students at SD Inpres Kampung Parang. The instrument used to collect data is an essay. The results of this research show that the data was analyzed using descriptive analysis and inferential analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis techniques. It was found that the average (mean) pretest value was 62.38 while the average (mean) posttest was 74.52, the average value on the posttest was higher than the average value on the pretest. In hypothesis testing using the independent sample t-test, where the data tested is hypothesis testing carried out on the pretest and posttest results. Based on the management of the hypothesis results, Sig (2.Tailed) = 0.000, meaning that H0 is rejected because Sig (2.Tailed) ) < ? or (0.000 < 0.05). H1 is accepted because Sig (Tailed) > ? or (0.405 > 0.05). In the T test analysis, Sig < ttable or (0.405 < 1.684). Testing this hypothesis, it can be concluded that there is an influence on the use of I Spring Suite 11 media on the results of learning to read Indonesian for class IV at SD Inpres, Kampung Parang, Gowa Regency.
 
 

Poetry is a type of literary work that expresses the emotions, ideas and contents of the poet's heart. Poetry usually expresses its contents using linguistic types. The aim of this research is to provide a detailed description of the language style used in the poetry anthology book 16 Poets Embrace the Earth. A qualitative descriptive approach was used. The book 16 Poets Hugging the Earth by Rayakultura was used as the data source. Data collection methods, including collecting and examining written data on poetry, were used to conduct data analysis. Data reduction is also used in processing the data to classify and identify the language styles contained in the poetry. The results of the research show that the poetry in the book 16 Poets Hugging the Earth contains several language styles, namely the group of comparative and contradictory language styles. The several language styles found in the poem aim to move society to prioritize caring for and protecting the environment.

The aim of this research is to determine the influence of the Expository Learning Model on the Learning Motivation of Class X Students of SMK HKBP Sidikalang 2022/2023. The method used in this research is a quantitative inferential statistical research method. The population is all 119 class X students of HKBP Sidikalang Vocational School who are Christians. Sampling used random sampling techniques, namely class X with a total of 48 people. Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire with 36 items. The results of data analysis show that there is a positive and significant influence of the Expository Learning Model on the PAK Learning Motivation of class ,n=48) = 0.284, thus it is known that there is a positive relationship between variable = 1.678, thus there is a significant relationship between variable X and variable Y. c) Test the effect of regression determination (r2) = 15.44%. 2) Influence test: Regression equation test, obtained regression equation ?=37.68+1.31X. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. This research concludes that there is a positive and significant influence of the Expository Learning Model on the PAK Learning Motivation of Class In connection with the results of this research, the author provides input for schools to improve and maintain a good and structured Expository learning model so that it can increase student learning motivation.

Poetry is a literary work full of meaning and symbolism. One poem that is interesting to analyze semantically is "My Heart is as Wide as a Leaf" by Sapardi Djoko Damono. In this article, we carry out an in-depth analysis of the hidden meanings in the poem. We use a semantic approach to explore the meaning of each line of poetry, identifying the metaphors, symbolism and connotations used by the poet. The analysis in this research uses a descriptive method, which describes the data naturally and produces good and coherent linguistic rules. Apart from that, we also pay attention to the structure and arrangement of words chosen by Sapardi Djoko Damono to express the implied messages in this poem. Through this analysis, we seek to understand more deeply the message the poet wants to convey, as well as explain how the use of language and symbolism in this poem can affect the reader emotionally and intellectually. It is hoped that the results of this analysis will provide new insights into Sapardi Djoko Damono's literary works and enrich understanding of modern Indonesian poetry.

This type of research is Classroom Action Research (PTK). The subjects in this research were in class VIII-6 with a total of 20 students. The aim of this research is to improve the learning quality of students in class VIII-6 of National Hero Middle School in writing poetry using the Nature Learning method. The Nature Learning method is a learning method that uses the natural environment as a medium. Based on research, the application of the Nature Learning method is very effective because students' poetry writing results have increased from cycle I to cycle II.

This study examines the transformation of Habiburrahman El Shirazy's novel "Ayat-Ayat Cinta" into a film of the same name through an intertextuality approach. The main objective of this study is to analyze how narrative and visual elements in novels are translated into the medium of film, as well as identify and evaluate the changes that occur during the adaptation process. The methods used in this study include text and film analysis, storyline comparison, character development, and the use of symbolism. The results showed that although the film "Ayat-Ayat Cinta" is quite faithful to the theme and main character of the novel, there are some significant simplifications and modifications to the subplot and supporting characters. The visualization adaptation of the narrative description in the novel requires adjustments to meet the cinematic needs and duration of the film. The use of intertextual elements in the film includes direct references to dialogue and key scenes from the novel, as well as visual interpretations of symbols and metaphors present in the text. The changes made in the film were mainly driven by the need to appeal to a wider audience and keep the storyline dense and interesting. This research provides in-depth insight into the dynamics between literary works and film, demonstrating the importance of understanding the essence of the original story in the adaptation process, as well as the implications of the changes made to audience perceptions.This research is expected to make a significant contribution to literary and film studies, as well as serve as a guide for filmmakers in adapting literary works to the big screen.

Factors causing low reading knowledge among students at SD Yayasan Duta Harapan Bukit Sion Medan include the social, economic and educational conditions of the school environment. Factors such as limited access to various reading materials, lack of family support for reading habits, and uninteresting learning methods may be the main causes. In addition, students' intrinsic factors such as lack of interest in reading and undeveloped reading skills also need to be considered. This research is important in identifying the problems and developing appropriate strategies to improve reading skills in the school. This study aims to analyze the factors that cause low reading knowledge at SD Yayasan Duta Harapan Bukit Sion. This method uses a qualitative approach, where data is collected through interviews with teachers and students. The results showed that some of the factors causing students' low reading skills are laziness, physical or psychological disorders, lack of interest and the use of technology. Teachers play an important role in preparing interesting lesson plans, providing special support and using technology. Literacy in schools helps improve students' interest and reading skills through habituation, development and gradual learning. The implications of the findings highlight the need for collaborative efforts between schools and parents to improve reading skills in schools.

The purpose of this study is to provide an investigation of affixing sentence mistakes in narrative text essays written by fourth graders. In addition, we want to detail the challenges that both students and instructors have when attempting to convey the concept of affixing sentences to elementary school children. A case study is the research approach that is used. In this study, a descriptive example is used. The 70 participants in this research were drawn from three different classes (A, B, and C) and one larger class (22–24 students) at SD YASPORBI III Jakarta, representing Class IV as a whole. This study used a random sampling approach. Research tools used in this study were observation and interview tools. Observation, interviews, and documentation are the methods used to gather data in this study. There were four steps to the analytic process in this study: gathering data, cleaning it up, presenting it, and making conclusions. Study after study has shown that students retain more information and are more actively involved in their own learning when taught about affixes via the use of narrative process that incorporates anecdotes from real life. Teachers may help children who are still struggling with affix sentence writing by using narrative texts to gather often misused terms, such as capital and lowercase letters, which are connected to spelling and spelling comprehension. Teachers should thus provide their pupils with more support and assistance, whether that's in the form of extra explanations, specific activities, or both. Students have a more engaging and effective learning experience when visuals are used as a medium.
 

This study is aimed to investigate the compatibility of materials in the textbook entitled "Cambridge English for Job-hunting" based on Tomlinson’s theory. The researcher used descriptive approach research as the type of the study. The data of the study were done by follows the process involved several stages, which are as follows: 1) The researcher selected an English textbook for analysis, 2) the researcher read the English textbook thoroughly, 3) the researcher carefully reviewed the content of the textbook, 4) the researcher gathered all the necessary materials from the textbook for analysis. The result of this study shows that the textbook substantially complies with Tomlinson's criteria for useful tools for language learning. It effectively engages students, builds confidence, offers appropriate information, uses actual speech, and accommodates a range of learning preferences and emotional conditions.
 
 

In the context of debate, another issue that occurs is the limited skills of students in identifying and formulating appropriate illocutionary speech acts. In a debate, it is important to communicate arguments clearly and convincingly. However, learners who do not understand the pragmatic aspects of language may have difficulty in formulating strong arguments. This study was conducted to determine the illocutionary speech acts contained in the debate text of Indonesian language book class X curriculum 2013. The purpose of this research is to examine the application of illocutionary speech acts in debate texts. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative analysis, pragmatics theoretical approach, and data collection techniques with observational studies on Indonesian language book documents grade X curriculum 2013. The analysis technique used in the research uses agic analyzing technique. This research makes a significant contribution to understanding and improving the application of illocutionary speech acts in debate texts. The results of this research, there is some data that covers the aspects of illocutionary speech acts in debate texts. The data contains expressive, directive, assertive, declarative, and commissive illocutionary speech act categories totaling 34 data. It is concluded that the application of illocutionary speech acts can be identified and classified in speech acts that are adjusted to the category. The benefit of this research is as a source of knowledge to deepen the science of pragmatics in illocutionary speech acts.

The purpose of this study was aimed at determining the difference between Indonesian allophones and Sundanese. in Indonesian, allophones are often associated with variations in the pronunciation of consonants and vowels, while in Sundanese these variations can include word forms and intonation patterns. The method used in this study uses qualitative methods by investigating the differences between Indonesian allophones and Sundanese so as to produce concrete data. Such as differences in vowel phonemes and consonant phonemes between Indonesian and Sundanese, differences in consonant allophones and vowel allophones, differences in the use of certain sounds, differences in intonation patterns and accents. With this research, it can produce data that can distinguish between Indonesian allophones and Sundanese allophones

This article discusses the use of behaviorism learning theory to increase the understanding of biological concepts in high school. The method used in this article is a literature study or literature review. The research results reveal that the use of behaviorist learning theory increases understanding of biological concepts through providing regular stimuli so that appropriate responses are obtained. The use of flipbook media as a behavioristic approach also increases students' motivation in learning, thereby influencing learning outcomes or achievement. It can be concluded that the use of behaviorism learning theory can increase understanding of biological concepts in high school.

Deixis is a word that refers or leads to something that is influenced by the speaker's situation, deixis has a function according to its respective reference according to the context. The purpose of the research is to describe persona deixis, place deixis, time deixis, discourse deixis, social deixis in conversations on the Nihongo Mantappu YouTube channel. The method used in this paper is descriptive qualitative method. Based on the analysis, the researcher has found 4 forms of deixis in the data that has been studied, these deixis include persona deixis, place deixis, discourse deixis, and social deixis. The most frequently used deixis is discourse deixis in the form of this word. The use of discourse deixis is most often used because Jerome Polin or his friends more often mention this word because it refers to the discussion discussed, namely the Indonesian writing and speaking test by foreigners or foreigners. Each deixis found has its own function depending on the context. The research that has been done is interesting because the videos analyzed have sources from abroad and the benefits of this research are expected to help readers understand what deixis are found in the videos that researchers analyze.