This study aims to analyze the effect of game-based learning on improving motor skills in early childhood. The method used is an experiment with a pretest-posttest design. The results of the study indicate that game-based learning can improve children's motor skills, such as movement coordination and body balance, as well as their social skills through interaction with peers

Recently, many teenagers have been doing mountain climbing, one of which is Mount Lorokan. This study examines the motivation of teenagers in climbing Mount Lorokan and looking for differences in heart rate before and after climbing. This study uses a quantitative descriptive type with a purposive sampling technique and a sample size of 30 respondents. The respondents' heart rate data was taken before and after climbing and then given a questionnaire consisting of 29 questions. It is known that the results of the pretest and posttest heart rate obtained a significant figure of 0.00 <0.05, which means that there is a difference in the heart rate of teenagers. Furthermore, the results of the motivation questionnaire show that the motivation of teenagers to climb Mount Lorokan is more influenced by intrinsic factors with a percentage value of 83.44%, compared to extrinsic factors which obtained a percentage value of 66.67%. Where each indicator has a percentage value, such as the indicator of the desire to explore one's abilities with an average value of 79.33% in the high category, the indicator of enjoying the beauty of nature with an average value of 86.33% in the very high category, the indicator of the need for relaxation with an average value of 84.67% in the very high category, the indicator of social pressure with an average value of 76.67% in the high category, the indicator of social media trends with an average value of 68.33% in the high category, and the indicator of recognition from others with an average value of 55% in the sufficient category.

This research was conducted to look at team components starting from the strengths and weaknesses of the team so that it can be used as evaluation material to make better improvements to the team to face the next match. This research also aims to confirm the findings of video analysis in the final match of the East Java Floorball men's team at the 2024 Aceh-Sumut PON XXI exhibition. This research methodology uses quantitative descriptive, which uses match video analysis data to paint a picture or reveal information about the facts. facts about the final field for the men's floorball team in East Java. The sample from this research was the East Java Floorball men's team who were the core players or who only played in the final round. The researcher's data sheet on video match analysis served as a tool. The quantitative descriptive data analysis method was applied using figures obtained from video study findings and evaluation results. From the results of video analysis of the final match of the East Java Floorball men's team, when compared with other strategies, it was found that the tactics of passing and controlling the ball gave the best results. Players gain an advantage when the opposing team has the ball as a result of frequently using this method and developing their game. The East Java Floorball men's team has better ball control than its opponents because their passing technique and ball control are superior.

Plyometric training is a physical training method aimed at improving explosive strength and movement speed, which are crucial in martial arts such as silat. This mini-research aims to analyze the effect of plyometric training on enhancing the quality of kicks in silat, particularly in terms of power, speed, and accuracy. The method used is qualitative, involving a plyometric training program over several weeks applied to individuals learning silat, with performance measurements of kicks taken before and after the intervention. The results show that plyometric training significantly improves lower limb explosive power, coordination, and kicking effectiveness. These findings suggest that plyometrics is an effective training approach and can be integrated into physical development programs, particularly to enhance kicking ability.

Football players must be proficient in passing and shooting techniques to play the game on the field. Real Madrid and Barcelona have good passing and shooting skills and have interesting game characteristics. This study analyzes the passing and shooting technique skills of players in the El Classico Final of the 2025 Spanish Super Cup, using quantitative research methods with a descriptive approach. Real Madrid gained 321 successful and 60 unsuccessful. Meanwhile, in the Barcelona team, the number of passing players is 376 who succeed and 57 who fail. Meanwhile, in the long pass, Real Madrid won 30 successful and 35 unsuccessful. The Barcelona team obtained 26 successes and 32 failures. Real Madrid's ball possession got an Instep shoot 1 on goal, 4 on target, 13 off target and 1 free kick on goal. Meanwhile, Barcelona got an Instep shoot of 5 on goal, 3 on target, 6 off target. Barcelona's passing and shooting ability tends to be better than Real Madrid's. This proves that many passing and shooting affect the score or the entry of the ball towards the goal.

This study is a literature review that discusses the relationship between sports and politics in historical and contemporary contexts. Through an analysis of 10 recent scientific articles and journals, it was found that sports function not only as physical activities, but also as a tool of diplomacy, a symbol of identity, and a means of political expression. This study identifies various forms of political intervention in sports, both at the institutional level such as FIFA and UEFA, and by countries and individuals such as athletes. In Indonesia, history shows that sports have been a medium for political struggle since the colonial era until now as a tool for imaging and policy diplomacy. This finding emphasizes that sports are not neutral spaces, but strategic arenas in the dynamics of power and global identity. This study provides theoretical and practical contributions in understanding the strategic role of sports in socio-political development and encourages broader interdisciplinary studies in the future.

This study aims to investigate the impact of the traditional game Balakeh on the improvement of basic motor skills in students with mild intellectual disabilities at SDN Gayungan 2 Surabaya. The research employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach with a One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design, involving 12 students with mild intellectual disabilities from grades 4, 5, and 6. The study was conducted in two cycles, each consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The instruments used to measure basic motor skills included the Zig-Zag Run Test (agility), Static Flexibility Test (flexibility), and Standing Stork Test (balance). The results showed a significant improvement in all three aspects of motor skills after the implementation of the Balakeh game. On agility, the average time decreased from 11.13 seconds to 10.56 seconds, flexibility increased from 20.96 cm to 22.23 cm, and balance improved from 16.52 seconds to 17.45 seconds. The percentage of students meeting the completion criteria also increased, with agility reaching 83.33%, flexibility 91.67%, and balance 75%. These findings indicate that the Balakeh game is effective in enhancing basic motor skills in students with mild intellectual disabilities and can be integrated into adaptive PJOK education for children with special needs.

This study was conducted with the aim of determining the contribution of leg muscle power to long passing in football games at SSB Margosuko Tuban. The type of research applied in the research to be carried out refers to quantitative descriptive research. The subjects in this study involved 15 players. Data collection techniques used observation and tests, the tests used were power tests applied with vertical jump tests and ball kicking tests. Data analysis techniques applied normality tests and hypothesis tests with Pearson correlation test analysis. The results of this study indicate that there is a contribution between leg muscle power to the distance of kicks in football games, this condition is indicated by the person correlation value of 0.639, so it can be concluded that leg muscle power contributes to the distance of kicks (long passing) in football games, especially for SSB Margosuko Tuban players.

This study aims to assess the role of physical education in improving physical fitness of students at the junior high school level. Data were obtained through physical fitness tests before and after the physical education program. The results showed that there was a significant increase in students' physical fitness after participating in a structured physical education program.

This study aims to determine the effect of cone drill training through the traditional Hadang game on improving the agility of fifth-grade students at SDN Banjaran 03. The research used a one-group pretest-posttest design with a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 11 students selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a shuttle run test to measure students' agility levels before and after the intervention, which consisted of Hadang game training for four weeks. Data analysis using a paired sample t-test showed a significant improvement in agility after the intervention, with a significance value (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that the Hadang game, which involves quick movements and frequent direction changes, is effective in enhancing the agility of elementary school students. This study recommends incorporating traditional games as an alternative method in physical education classes to improve students’ physical fitness in a fun and educational manner.

Elderly aged 60-70 years will experience changes in body condition, both physical and mental changes such as decreased physical fitness and cognitive disorders. This study aims to determine the level of fitness and cognitive disorders of elderly aged 60-70 years who participate in Tai Chi gymnastics. The method used is descriptive analytical with a Cross Sectional approach. The subjects of the study were 20 elderly aged 60-70 years, using a purposive sampling technique. The data collection technique for physical fitness levels was measured through the Six minutes walk test, while cognitive disorders used the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) questionnaire. The results of the study showed that the average level of male fitness was in the moderate fitness category (40.3%), the good category was (50%) and the very good category (6.3%), while female physical fitness was in the moderate fitness category (75%) and the very good category (25%). Research Results Cognitive disorders in elderly men who were in the normal category were 87.5% and probable cognitive disorders were 12.5%, while in elderly women cognitive disorders were in the normal category were 100%. In conclusion, the level of physical fitness of the elderly is in the good category, while cognitive disorders of the elderly are in the normal category

This study aims to analyze the role of Physical Education and Sports (PJOK) teachers in fostering the disciplined character of fifth-grade students at the Nurun Najah Private Elementary Madrasah in Jambi City. Discipline is an important character value that needs to be instilled early on, and PJOK teachers have a strategic role in instilling it through physical activities, games, and rules in learning. The research method uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The subjects of the study included PJOK teachers, fifth-grade students, and the head of the madrasah. The results showed that PJOK teachers act as models, mentors, and evaluators in fostering student discipline through the application of rules, giving examples, and positive and negative reinforcement. Supporting factors include school support and student enthusiasm, while constraints include limited facilities and differences in student backgrounds. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of collaboration between teachers, parents, and schools in strengthening the formation of students' disciplined character.

The goal in playing handball is to put the ball into the opponent's goal as much as possible and concede fewer goals. This study aims to find out how big the success and failure rate of shooting techniques is and what shooting areas or positions are most often used for shooting in the 2023 IHF World Championship final match. This study is a type of quantitative descriptive research, with an approach through match video analysis which is presented in the form of numerical data to find out how big the success and failure rate of shooting is and what shooting techniques are used. The subjects in this study were the Danish and French teams playing in the 2023 IHF World Championship final match. The results showed that the number of successful shots from the Danish team was 34 times while for France it was 29 times with a percentage of 62.96% and 50.87% successful shooting using the jump shoot technique 20 times with a percentage of 65% for Denmark, while for France the flying shoot technique was most often used, namely 22 times and a percentage of 59.09%. The number of shooting failures from the Danish team was 20 times with a percentage of 37.03% while for France it was 28 times with a percentage of 49.12%, shooting failures using the jump shoot technique were 7 times with a percentage of 35% for Denmark, while for France the failure using the flying shoot shooting technique was 9 times with a percentage of 40.90%. The most frequently used shooting area from both teams was the front area, successful shooting for Denmark 18 times with a percentage of 64% and France 18 times with a percentage of 56%, failed shooting from the front area of ??the Danish team was 10 times with a percentage of 36% while France was 14 times 44%. The results of this study are expected to be used as a reference for players and coaches to develop the right training program in order to improve the effectiveness of shooting techniques to get better results.
 

The training program in sports is the most important thing in achieving an achievement that is the main target of each team. This factor is none other than the existence of long-term coaching and various training programs. This factor is none other than the existence of long-term coaching and various training programs. A coach provides a variety or varied training program to be evaluated at the end of the training. The purpose of the evaluation itself is to correct mistakes from either the training program or the athlete. The research method of evaluating the CIPP program (context, input, process, product) using quantitative and qualitative descriptive methods. The results of the research on the Evaluation of the Coaching of the Futsal Club Mitra Fc U-20 Sumenep Regency, received a score of 3.35 which is categorized as very good. 3) Process The results of the research on the Evaluation of the Futsal Club Mitra Fc U-20 Sumenep Regency, received a score of 3.35 which is in the very good category. 4) Product The results of the research on the Evaluation of the Futsal Club Mitra Fc U-20 Sumenep Regency, received a score of 3.31 which is in the very good category. Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, there are the following conclusions: 1. Aspects of context, input, process, product. With good performance indicators, excellent efforts, and good results.