The role of experts in the Alternative Dispute Resolution (APS) forum in Indonesia has a strategic position in bridging the technical and legal aspects that are often at the core of the problem in a dispute. The presence of experts serves to provide objective and professional opinions that can strengthen the arguments of the parties, as well as speed up the dispute resolution process efficiently. Juridically, the role of experts has been recognized in Law Number 30 of 1999 concerning Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution, and strengthened by the principle of freedom of contract in Article 1338 of the Civil Code. Although expert opinions are not always binding, their contributions are often used as the basis for important consideration by mediators or arbitrators in decision-making. In addition to being a provider of expert opinions, this role is also able to bridge the gap of understanding between technical and legal aspects that are often difficult to understand by the parties or even by the mediator himself. In practice, expert involvement can provide insight into complex issues, such as in construction, medical, information technology, or environmental cases, that require specialized expertise. Therefore, the presence of experts not only strengthens the legal argument, but also provides crucial scientific validity. However, the challenge faced is the lack of detailed technical arrangements related to qualifications, codes of conduct, and mechanisms for expert involvement in the APS. This can pose a risk of subjectivity and potential conflicts of interest. For this reason, a more comprehensive regulatory development is needed to ensure that the role of experts in APS can be carried out optimally, professionally, and fairly, so as to increase public trust in the dispute resolution mechanism outside the court.

The rapid development of technology has led to a transformation in gambling practices, shifting from physical establishments to online platforms. However, law enforcement in Indonesia continues to struggle with multiple challenges in addressing this issue. This research aims to assess the enforcement of online gambling laws based on Lawrence M. Friedman’s legal system theory. It focuses on how legal structure, legal culture, and legal substance interact in the enforcement process.  The findings demonstrate that, first, in terms of legal substance, existing regulations are not yet fully effective in combating online gambling. Second, from the perspective of legal structure, law enforcement agencies face persistent challenges in combating online gambling. Third, from the perspective of legal culture, public legal awareness remains relatively low.

Corruption remains a serious issue that hinders development and erodes public trust in the government, particularly in countries like Indonesia and Malaysia. Both nations have long histories of dealing with systemic corruption. This study aims to compare the legal systems and anti-corruption law enforcement in Indonesia and Malaysia to identify challenges and areas for improvement. The research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, analyzing legal documents, academic journals, and regulations related to anti-corruption agencies in both countries. This study employs legal system theory and institutional theory. The main problem examined is how anti-corruption law enforcement differs between Indonesia and Malaysia and what the main enforcement challenges are. The findings show that while Indonesia’s Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) was once powerful, recent political interference and regulatory revisions have weakened its impact. Conversely, Malaysia has more comprehensive legal instruments, but its enforcement agencies struggle with independence and political pressure. In conclusion, both countries must strengthen legal supremacy, institutional independence, and public engagement to enhance the effectiveness of anti-corruption efforts.

Press criminal law has significant implications in the case of sending a pig's head to the editorial office of Tempo, an event that has drawn attention regarding press freedom and the limits of expression. This research aims to analyze how the provisions of press criminal law can be applied in the context of acts of intimidation against the media as occurred in this case. Employing a normative juridical study method with a case approach, this research will examine potential criminal violations and the relevance of the Press Law in providing protection for press freedom. The main focus of the analysis is to understand the limitations that can be imposed on expression, especially when such actions have the potential to threaten or create fear among journalists. This case is important to evaluate in order to maintain the dignity of the press as a free and independent pillar of democracy. Furthermore, this research is expected to contribute to a deeper understanding of how the legal system responds to actions that can undermine press freedom in Indonesia, as well as provide recommendations for more effective law enforcement in protecting press freedom without neglecting the principles of justice.

The use of social media as a means of the press has various legal implications amidst the rapid development of information technology. Social media makes it easy to disseminate information quickly and widely, but on the other hand, the absence of clear regulations in categorizing it as part of the formal press raises legal problems, especially related to responsibility for content, protection of individual rights, and freedom of expression. This study aims to examine the position of social media in the legal framework of the press in Indonesia, and to analyze its legal consequences for users who act as conveyors of public information. Using the normative juridical method, it was found that social media has not received explicit recognition as a press entity in the Press Law, thus creating legal loopholes in terms of accountability and legal protection. Regulatory updates are needed to ensure legal certainty and maintain a balance between freedom of expression and legal responsibility in the digital era.

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a significant role in the economy, but often face obstacles in accessing financing. Credit performance guarantee is one of the mechanisms to mitigate risks for financial institutions. Along with the development of financial technology, innovative credit scoring emerged as an alternative method of assessing the creditworthiness of MSMEs. This research aims to analyze the legal effectiveness of the application of MSME credit performance guarantees based on innovative credit scoring. This research uses a normative juridical method with qualitative juridical analysis to try to examine and analyze the problems studied. The application of innovative credit scoring in MSME credit performance guarantees has the potential to increase the legal effectiveness of guarantees through a more comprehensive and accurate risk assessment. However, its implementation requires regulatory clarity regarding scoring standards, personal data protection, and dispute resolution mechanisms. An adaptive and responsive legal framework to technological innovation is crucial to optimize the role of innovative credit scoring in strengthening the effectiveness of MSME credit performance guarantees and promoting financial inclusion.
 
 
 

The phenomenon of illegal cigarette circulation can still be found especially in Jember district. The characteristics of illegal cigarettes include the absence of excise stamps on the cigarette packs, attaching cigarette packs with fake excise tape or placing excise tape that is not in accordance with its intended use. The Directorate General of Customs and Excise has the authority to take action and investigate illegal cigarette distributors in accordance with Law Number 39 of 2007 concerning amendments to Law Number 11 of 1995 about excise. The purpose of this researcher is to find out the law enforcement process against illegal cigarette dealers in Jember Regency by the Jember Regenc KPPBC. This research method uses empirical legal research. Primary and secondary data obtained through interviews with staff of the prosecution and investigation section of the Jember Regency KPPBC. The data analysis method is descriptive qualitative. The results of this study are that law enforcement carried out by the Jember Regency KPPBC has not been able to be carried out optimally because in its implementation there are many obstacles such as a very wide illegal cigarette distribution network so that there isa lack of officers. However, these various obstacles can hopefully be overcome with existing efforts.
 

This study discusses criminal liability for perpetrators of online gambling crimes based on Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE Law) from the perspective of Indonesian criminal law. The research employs a normative juridical approach with a case study method on Decision Number 628/PID.B/2023/PN Sleman. The defendant was proven to have knowingly distributed and disseminated links to online gambling sites via social media, as well as obtained financial gain from these activities. Based on the judge’s decision, the defendant was sentenced to 1 year and 8 months in prison and fined IDR 250,000,000. The results indicate that the application of Article 27 paragraph (2) in conjunction with Article 45 paragraph (2) of the ITE Law is in accordance with the principles of criminal liability, including the elements of fault (mens rea) and unlawful acts (actus reus). Nevertheless, challenges remain in law enforcement against online gambling, particularly regarding sites operating abroad and the low level of public legal awareness. The recommendations provided include a more comprehensive legal approach to enhance the effectiveness of combating online gambling in Indonesia.

This study aims to describe the implementation of kapalo samek embroidery training in Nagari Simpuruik as an effort to promote economic empowerment and preserve local culture. Based on interviews with village officials and women participating in the training, it was found that most participants had already acquired embroidery skills through self-taught methods prior to the training. They were accustomed to working on embroidery either based on custom orders or in cooperation with "fabric bosses" who provided pre-designed cloth and threads. Embroidery has become a productive activity in Jorong Sijangek, mainly practiced by housewives. Although the training was conducted smoothly, the main challenge was gathering participants due to their limited availability. The market potential for kapalo samek embroidery is significant, especially during cultural or ceremonial events, but a major obstacle lies in marketing capabilities, particularly in digital platforms. Therefore, the training also served as a medium to introduce basic marketing strategies for craft products. In addition to enhancing economic capacity, the activity encourages cultural preservation by regenerating embroidery skills among the younger generation. This embroidery training highlights the importance of local initiatives in safeguarding cultural heritage and improving community welfare.
 
 

This study aims to examine the existence of the title "Andi" in the context of social stratification of Bugis society and its relevance in the modern era. The title Andi is a symbol of nobility that has been passed down from generation to generation and has an important role in the traditional social structure of the Bugis. Through a qualitative-descriptive approach, this study explores the symbolic meaning of the title, its influence on social interactions, perceptions of it in contemporary marriage practices, differences in views between generations, and strategies for preserving it amidst the current of modernization. The results of the study show that although traditional values are beginning to shift, the title Andi still has a strong social and cultural meaning for most Bugis people. The older generation tends to maintain the values of honor and status attached to the title, while the younger generation shows a more flexible tendency in interpreting the symbol. This study recommends preservation efforts based on cultural education, integration of local values in education, and strengthening identity through digital media. These findings show that the title Andi is not merely a symbolic identity, but also an important part of cultural heritage that can transform over time without losing its essence.
 
 

This study aims to analyze the legal implications of the luxury goods Value Added Tax (VAT) increase policy in Indonesia, which will take effect in January 2025. This policy is based on Law Number 7 of 2021 on the Harmonization of Tax Regulations and its derivative regulations, with the objective of increasing state revenue and reducing the consumption of luxury goods, which is often associated with economic inequality. This research employs a normative method with a literature study approach, analyzing tax regulations, academic journals, and relevant literature. The findings indicate that while this policy may enhance tax revenue and reduce economic disparity, its implementation faces challenges related to legal certainty, tax compliance, and its impact on consumer purchasing power and investment in the luxury goods sector. Additionally, the potential rise in tax disputes due to differing interpretations of luxury goods classification is a major concern. Therefore, clear regulations, a more transparent tax administration mechanism, and economic impact mitigation strategies are necessary to ensure the effectiveness and fairness of this policy implementation.This study aims to analyze the legal implications of the luxury goods Value Added Tax (VAT) increase policy in Indonesia, which will take effect in January 2025. This policy is based on Law Number 7 of 2021 on the Harmonization of Tax Regulations and its derivative regulations, with the objective of increasing state revenue and reducing the consumption of luxury goods, which is often associated with economic inequality. This research employs a normative method with a literature study approach, analyzing tax regulations, academic journals, and relevant literature. The findings indicate that while this policy may enhance tax revenue and reduce economic disparity, its implementation faces challenges related to legal certainty, tax compliance, and its impact on consumer purchasing power and investment in the luxury goods sector. Additionally, the potential rise in tax disputes due to differing interpretations of luxury goods classification is a major concern. Therefore, clear regulations, a more transparent tax administration mechanism, and economic impact mitigation strategies are necessary to ensure the effectiveness and fairness of this policy implementation.

Circulating drugs without a distribution permit is a criminal act, where the drugs being distributed are not necessarily relevant to their composition and manufacture. This means that the safety, efficacy and benefits of drugs being traded are not guaranteed. Then the perpetrators of distributing drugs without a distribution permit will be punished and subject to criminal penalties. In this case Law no. 17 of 2023 concerning Health regulates criminal provisions for perpetrators of distributing drugs without a distribution permit with a prison sentence of 12 years and a fine of five billion rupiah, but the criminal sanctions imposed by the judge in decision case number 111/pid.B/2013/PN/ are reduced. Mtr does not provide a deterrent effect for perpetrators. The problems in this research are: first, what is the responsibility for perpetrators of criminal acts of distributing drugs without a distribution permit? Second, what are the judge's considerations in handing down a decision regarding the distribution of drugs without a distribution permit in case number 111/pid.B/2013/PN/Mtr?The results of this research are to show that the form of responsibility of the defendant is in accordance with the elements of responsibility, because the actions carried out by the defendant contained an element of intentional error and the judge sentenced the defendant to 10 months' imprisonment, which according to the author was not appropriate because the sentence This will not have a deterrent effect on the perpetrator.

This study aims to analyze the investigation of narcotics crimes conducted by the Mojokerto City Police in accordance with the provisions of Article 114 in conjunction with Article 112 of Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics. These articles regulate the threat of criminal penalties for drug dealers and users, and provide a legal basis for law enforcement officers in carrying out the investigation process. This study uses a normative legal method with a statutory approach and case analysis. The results of the study indicate that the investigation at the Mojokerto City Police has attempted to comply with applicable legal provisions, but there are obstacles such as a lack of competent human resources, obstacles in collecting evidence, and challenges in implementing rehabilitation for drug users. This study recommends increasing the capacity of investigators through training, optimizing cooperation with related agencies, and implementing more transparent and accountable investigation procedures.

One of the development efforts within the national development framework, the government/government agencies/institutions at every level carry out development authority for the Public Interest. Based on the concept of the State's Right to Control, the Government, on behalf of the Land State, has the absolute right to regulate, determine and determine land rights for the sake of realizing the welfare of the people. On the other hand, the government has an interest in acquiring land for the public interest. In this research, a juridical study was carried out on what is the state's right to control land in land acquisition for public purposes? And what is the government's authority to acquire land for public purposes? The aim of this research is to determine the state's right to control land for the public interest and to find out what the government's authority is in acquiring land for the public interest. The method used in this research is the Normative Juridical method, namely comprehensively reviewing the legal aspects of statutory provisions related to the settlement of compensation for land acquisition for the public interest. In this research, it was found that the State is only limited to regulating, determining and determining the allocation of land rights, and in procuring land for the public interest, the government or agencies using land as development objects are obliged to provide compensation in accordance with the value determined by the assessment team.

Termination of Employment (TOE) is the termination of an employment relationship due to a matter that results in the expiration of rights and obligations between workers/laborers and employers regulated in Law No. 13 of 2003 concerning employment and secondary legal materials obtained from employment, internet papers and others. The implementation of termination of employment must be in accordance with Law No. 13 of 2003 concerning employment that termination of employment is carried out in several processes, namely deliberation between employees and the Company, if there is an impasse, the last resort is carried out through the court to decide the case. Therefore, the strength of the implementation of labor law is needed through increased supervision, education for the parties, and optimization of the role of labor dispute resolution institutions.

The Consumer Protection Law (UU 22/2020) has provided a legal basis for consumer protection in the banking industry.  The implementation of this law is important in the Islamic banking industry due to its consistency with sharia values which place justice and balance as the main principles.  The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of the Consumer Protection Act in the Islamic banking industry and evaluate the effectiveness of its implementation.  This research uses a qualitative approach with a literature study.  Data was collected through analysis of book literature and analysis of documents related to the implementation of the Consumer Protection Act.  The results of the study show how actual implementation of the Consumer Protection Law is in its operational procedures.  However, there are several challenges in implementation, such as the lack of awareness and understanding of customers about their rights, as well as a lack of adequate human resources and information technology to meet the requirements of the law.  This study recommends that Islamic banks increase consumer empowerment campaigns and invest in adequate human resources and information technology to increase the effectiveness of the implementation of the Consumer Protection Act.  This is expected to increase customer confidence in the sharia banking industry and support sustainable industry growth.   

Kedudukan Pancasila sebagai dasar negara Indonesia memberikan konsekuensi bahwa penyelenggaraan negara Indonesia sebagai sebuah negara hukum, termasuk untuk menciptakan sebuah kondisi Welfare State (Negara Kesejahteraan) harus berlandaskan pada Pancasila. Dalam penerapannya, kesejahteraan masyarakat merupakan aspek penting dalam suatu negara, melibatkan berbagai aspek kehidupan seperti kesehatan, pendidikan, ekonomi, lingkungan, sosial, dan politik. Pemerintah wajib bertanggungjawab terhadap dinamika kehidupan masyarakatnya.

Development through community participation in villages is one of the efforts to empower the potential of village communities in planning development related to local resource potentials. The research questions in this study are: (1) How is the community participation in the development of Merbaun Village, West Amarasi Subdistrict, Kupang Regency? (2) What factors may hinder the success of community participation in village development in Merbaun Village, West Amarasi Subdistrict, Kupang Regency?  This research is a juridical-empirical study with a qualitative approach, using primary data collection techniques through interviews. Secondary data was obtained through literature studies.  The results of the study show that community participation in Merbaun Village development can be analyzed through three stages: planning, implementation, and supervision. Each stage shows different dynamics and levels of participation. (1) Planning Stage: At this stage, community participation is considered high. The village government conducts a development planning deliberation (Musdus) to absorb the aspirations of the community. Interview results show that the community is actively providing input and suggestions, reflecting a strong motivation and concern for the proposed development programs. (2) Implementation Stage: In contrast to the planning stage, the level of community participation in the implementation of development drops significantly. Although the village government opens opportunities for mutual cooperation (gotong-royong), community attendance is inadequate, with many absent. This indicates a lack of understanding and awareness among the community regarding the importance of their participation in the physical activities that have been agreed upon. (3) Supervision Stage: The supervision of the development also shows a lack of participation. The community should be involved in monitoring and evaluating development programs. However, most of the community members do not understand their role in the supervision process, as revealed in the interviews.The study suggests that community participation in the development of Merbaun Village should be increased to make development outcomes more effective and sustainable, in accordance with the principles outlined in Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages.

Fornication is all acts related to sexual life that violate decency (decency) including sexual intercourse outside of marriage. The Criminal Code classifies criminal acts of sexual abuse where the victim is a child. Children are the younger generation and potential human resources, therefore perpetrators of criminal acts of sexual abuse against children must be subject to appropriate punishment. The focus of the study in this research is to find out the side of justice in the decision of the panel of judges which is not in accordance with the actions of the defendant (Decision Study Number 07/Pid.Sus.A/2023/Pn Byw) case study of Banyuwangi Regency from the demands of the public prosecutor to the decision of the panel of judges what was imposed on the defendant was in accordance with the defendant's actions. From the results obtained in this research, the public prosecutor in his demands did not match the defendant's actions. The author feels that the panel of judges and public prosecutors in their decision gave criminal sanctions to the defendant that were not in accordance with the defendant's actions, because the perpetrator had more than one case.

Good financial management at the village level is crucial to support development and the welfare of the village community. However, many villages still face challenges in financial management, one of which is the low quality of human resources (HR) and the lack of integrity among village officials. This study aims to analyze and evaluate the influence of integrity on village financial management, as well as to analyze and evaluate the influence of human resource quality on village financial management, using 35 village governments in Sidoarjo Regency as the research location. This research was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 232 respondents, with the study population being the entire population of Sidoarjo Regency, totaling 1.977 million people, to examine the independent variables (integrity and HR quality) in relation to the dependent variable (village financial management). The method used in this research is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), with data processing conducted using Smart-PLS 4 software. The results of the study show that the integrity of village officials has a positive influence on village financial management at a rate of 0.444, meaning that the higher the integrity of village officials, the better the financial management of the village. Additionally, HR quality was also found to have a significant impact on village financial management at a rate of 0.420. This research contributes to improving village financial management by emphasizing the importance of integrity and the quality of human resources in village governance.

This study aims to determine and analyze the form of fulfillment of consumer rights of IndiHome service provider users in the Laws and Regulations in Indonesia due to the FUP system and the responsibility of the IndiHome provider towards consumers due to the FUP system. This study is classified as normative research with a historical approach, comparative approach and conceptual approach. Legal materials are collected through document studies, then analyzed prescriptively. The results of the study indicate that consumer rights and the responsibilities of business actors, namely Indihome, have been regulated in Law No. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. Although it has been regulated in the Laws and Regulations, this situation is no longer effective because when an error occurs, Indihome can be released from its responsibility. For this reason, it is necessary to revise Article 27 letter b of Law No. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection.

This article examines the important role of law in promoting economic development and ensuring the well-being of people in Indonesia. It analyzes the legal framework that governs economic activities, focusing on principles and regulations that facilitate economic growth, protect rights, and promote social justice. This article explores the evolution of Indonesia's legal system in response to economic challenges and opportunities, highlighting key laws and policies that have shaped the nation's economic landscape. This includes an analysis of the constitutional foundations of Indonesia's economic system, with a special emphasis on Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution, which mandates a "people's economy" based on the principles of kinship, cooperative ownership, and state control over vital resources. Furthermore, this article discusses the challenges and prospects of using the law as a tool to achieve sustainable and inclusive economic development. It emphasizes the importance of legal certainty, regulatory efficiency, and the protection of public interests in fostering a conducive investment climate and promoting equitable economic growth. The article also discusses the role of law in addressing important issues such as environmental protection, labor rights, and consumer protection, highlighting the linkages between economic development and social welfare. By examining Indonesia's experience, this article contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex relationship between law and economic development in the context of developing countries.

This study investigates the use of administrative ethics to increase the professionalism of public services in the West Sumatra Provincial Government Social Service. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with stakeholders and surveys of staff and service users using mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative). Research shows that the application of administrative ethics principles such as transparency, accountability and fairness significantly increases the professionalism of the apparatus and the quality of public services. Integrity, public trust, and operational efficiency of agencies can be strengthened by a strong ethical culture. In addition, this research found that continuous training, improving operational standards, and the use of information technology can help overcome problems such as employees' lack of understanding of administrative ethics and weaknesses in supervisory systems. Policy recommendations are made to encourage public services that are more responsive, professional and in line with community expectations.
 

This research was conducted to determine the coordination of making E-KTPs provided by the government. Apart from that, this research was also carried out to find out the factors that constrain the E-KTP making service system which can be seen from the lack of availability of blanks and the public's lack of understanding regarding technology. In service procedures, the research using a qualitative case study approach by collecting data obtained from observations and interviews. The results of this research show that the service system for making E-KTP is still not optimal, which can be seen starting from the uncertain service certainty, as well as there are still delays in printing, where there is a lack of blank availability and there are still people who do not understand the technology.

This research was motivated by the lack of optimal sustainable development in the health sector in the village of Lightninghilir, Baregbeg subdistrict, Ciamis district. The issue of creating a healthy and prosperous society is not an easy matter, so there is a need for cooperation between the village government and each posyandu cadre in each hamlet. This research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The data in this research consists of primary and secondary data. The informants in this study were 7 people. Data collection techniques through literature study, interviews, field observations and documentation. Data processing or analysis techniques through data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of this research are: 1) Analysis of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the Health Sector in Petirhilir Village, Baregbeg District, Ciamis Regency, the results show that the strategy has been implemented but not optimally. 2) The obstacles faced are the lack of capacity of implementing cadres who carry out SDGs data collection to the community and also the public's awareness of the importance of health is still lacking, communication is not running well, the community's economy is limited, and the public is less aware of the importance of health. 3) The efforts made are that the Village Government seeks to coordinate with the community health center to prepare implementing human resources that focus on the health sector by improving environmental quality and optimizing counseling and also the duties of community development cadres and village assistants to carry out house visits.

Perpetrators and parties related to misuse of social media in general elections, such as spreading fake news or hoaxes and spreading hate speech, may be subject to criminal sanctions as stated in the provisions of the article of the law. The method used in preparing this research is normative juridical with a conceptual approach and a statutory approach, especially the  ITE Law, the Criminal Code to further examine law enforcement regarding the misuse of social media in building public opinion in the 2024 General Election (Pemilu).In practice, Law concerning Information and Electronic Transactions itself is still not effective because it is seen as tending to limit freedom of expression and bias in its implementation. There are no standard standards for determining activities that can be considered misuse of social media. Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections does not regulate the anticipation of misuse of social media in general elections using a repressive approach or imposing criminal sanctions.

The rapid development of information technology has significantly transformed the financial sector, particularly with the rise of online lending services or fintech lending. While these services provide easier access to financial resources, they also bring various challenges, including an increase in disputes between lenders and borrowers. The government, through the Financial Services Authority (OJK), has formulated regulations to protect consumers and promote the use of mediation as an alternative dispute resolution method that is more efficient and less burdensome for both parties. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of mediation as a solution for resolving online lending disputes, using a normative juridical approach. Data were collected from various primary and secondary legal sources and analyzed deductively. The results indicate that mediation offers a faster, more flexible, and less formal mechanism compared to court proceedings. However, challenges such as low consumer financial literacy and a lack of understanding by service providers about the mediation process need to be addressed through increased education and awareness campaigns. In conclusion, mediation has great potential to become a more equitable and efficient dispute resolution mechanism in the fintech lending industry, provided it is supported by adequate regulations and improved awareness among the involved parties.

Abstract
The revival of thinking about religious freedom as an integral part of human rights has become an increasingly important topic of discussion in the current global context. Human Rights are rights that are very inherent in every human being, especially every individual. In Indonesia, religious freedom which is linked to human rights has been regulated in statutory regulations. The content of the law is to emphasize that a country can guarantee the freedom of every resident to practice their own religion. Some regions may have certain rules or norms that limit religious freedom, even though they are legally constitutional. Indonesia guarantees religious freedom, this still occurs in cases of human rights violations related to religious freedom in several places in Indonesia.

The Constitution is the fundamental foundation for the establishment and development of an independent state, reflecting the framework of a democratic and just political life. As an integral part of the constitutional system, the Constitutional Court (MK) plays a crucial role in safeguarding justice and democracy through its oversight and constitutional interpretation functions. The Constitutional Court in Indonesia functions as a guardian of the constitution, ensuring that all components of the state and society consistently implement the constitution. Indonesia's constitutional history shows significant dynamics of change, with the 1945 Constitution undergoing various amendments before finally being reaffirmed in the reform era. The establishment of the Constitutional Court in 2003 reflected the spirit of reform to guarantee human rights and the rights of citizens that had previously been neglected. With a special task in handling constitutional cases, the Constitutional Court aims to maintain government stability and overcome the problem of multiple interpretations of the constitution that occurred in the past.

The aim of the research is to analyze the factors that cause criminal acts of traffic accidents committed by children and the responsibility of children related to traffic accidents committed by minors which cause death. The research method used in this research is an empirical method. The results of the research show that: 1. The factors causing the occurrence of criminal traffic accidents committed by children which cause death are. General factors include: Manuia, Weather/Nature, Road Conditions. Then external factors, including: Age, personal existence, lack of awareness of the safety of oneself and others, lack of awareness of traffic regulations. And internal factors, including: Lack of parental attention, social environment.2. Responsibility of children for criminal acts of traffic accidents by minors which cause death. The provisions for criminal fines for children whose negligence causes someone to lose their life in Article 310 paragraph (4) of Law Number 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation can be imposed a fine that can be imposed on childrezn whose negligence causes someone to lose their life at most ½ (one half) of the maximum threat of imprisonment for adults. It can be concluded that for children whose negligence is proven to result in someone losing their life, the threat of imprisonment that can be imposed on them is ½ of the fine in Law Number 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation. Because the criminal fine in Law Number 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation is a maximum of IDR 12,000,000.00 (twelve million rupiah), then for a child whose negligence causes someone to lose their life a maximum of IDR 6,000,000, 00 (six million rupiah).
Keywords: Accident; Traffic; Child; death.

The representation of women in politics has become a much discussed issue along with the development of political access. Various factors are the cause of this, including religious factors. The purpose of this study is to be able to determine and analyze women's political rights in the perspective of Islamic law. This study was conducted using the type of normative legal research with two types of approaches, namely the statutory approach (Statute Approach) and conceptual approach (Conceptual Approach). Based on research that researchers have done, the results obtained that islam recognizes the existence of women's political rights and the importance of the role of women in public life and its impact on political life.

This study aims to find out about the position of children who are victims of sexual abuse in view of Victimology. The method used in this study is empirical with qualitative descriptive data analysis that describes and outlines the data and facts of the field. The results of this study show that child abuse is one of the most destructive forms of crime, and often has a long-term impact on victims of abuse. Victimology, in its view as the study of victims of crime, plays an important role in understanding the impact of child abuse, as well as in designing effective treatment and protection approaches.. The protection of children is very important because its violation is a violation of human rights. It can be seen that the position of children towards victims of abuse in the view of victimology provides a better view of victims of crime as a result of human actions that cause mental, physical and social suffering.

Supervision in regional government governance is very important to create effective, efficient and transparent government. Pangandaran District faces major challenges in supervision, including low transparency, community participation, misalignment of program planning and implementation, and low accountability. This research analyzes the effectiveness of supervision in Pangandaran, identifying obstacles, and providing recommendations for improvement. Using qualitative methods and literature studies, the research results show the need for increased transparency, community participation, harmonized planning and accountability. Implementation of these recommendations is expected to improve government governance and increase public trust.

Plans are a vital component in a government to achieve directed and sustainable development. This research aims to identify the importance of plans in managing resources, setting priorities, and creating transparency and accountability in government. The method used in this research is qualitative analysis based on literature reviews and case studies related to plan implementation in various governments, both national and local. The focus of this research includes the role of plans in resource efficiency, risk mitigation, and coordination between institutions. The research results show that governments that have thorough planning are better able to optimize the use of budget, labor and time compared to governments without clear plans. In addition, a good plan helps the government anticipate potential risks and challenges, as well as provide strategic solutions to face them. In terms of transparency, planning documents enable the public to monitor government performance, increase public trust, and support public participation in the development process. This research also found that plans that are inclusive and involve various stakeholders are able to create stronger synergy between institutions and maintain program sustainability even if there is a change in leadership. In conclusion, plans in government are not only a tool to direct development, but also an important instrument to ensure stability, effectiveness and efficiency. With a structured plan, the government can achieve development goals optimally and have a significant impact on community welfare. This research recommends strengthening planning capacity at all levels of government to improve the quality of governance and public services.

Guarantee fiduciary guarantees play an important role in economic financing in Indonesia. However, implementation of fiduciary guarantee execution often leads to legal conflicts, especially the abuse of executorial power by creditors. Court Decision Constitutional Court Decision Number 18/PUU-XVII/2019 changes the execution mechanism to better protect the rights of debtors and emphasize the principle of justice. protect the rights of debtors and emphasize the principle of justice. This raises the need to reformulate Perkap No. 8/2011 to be relevant to the changes.changes. Research This research uses a normative method that analyzes the relevant laws and regulations related laws and regulations, the principles of justice, and their compatibility with social dynamics. The focus is to review the relevance and weaknesses of Perkap No. 8/2011 after the Constitutional Court Decision. The Constitutional Court's ruling limits unilateral execution and requires an acknowledgment of default or a court decision before execution. default or court decision before execution is carried out. This increases the protection of debtors' rights, but also adds procedural burdens for creditors. for creditors. The reformulation of Perkap No. 8/2011 is necessary to ensure that execution is more fair and lawful. The reformulation should include mechanisms that prioritize legality, protection of debtor rights, and oversight of abuse. monitoring against abuse. Synergy between the court, the police, and related parties need to be strengthened to create a balanced and transparent legal ecosystem and transparent.

Passport services at the Class 1 Non TPI Immigration Office in Pemalang, Central Java are oriented towards public satisfaction by not abandoning the principles of excellent service, which include: simplicity, clarity, certainty of time, accuracy, security, responsibility, completeness of facilities and infrastructure, convenience access, discipline, politeness and friendliness, as well as comfort. As well as having standards, namely: legal basis, requirements, systems, mechanisms, procedures, settlement period, costs/tariffs, service products, facilities and infrastructure, implementing competence, internal supervision, complaint handling , suggestions, input, number of implementers, service guarantees that provide certainty of time, security and safety guarantees, as well as evaluation of implementer performance.The purpose of this research is to evaluate the level of service provided by the Class 1 Non TPI Immigration Office, Pemalang, Central Java in making passports. This research uses observation, documentation and interviews as data collection methods, with a qualitative descriptive approach.The results show that the Central Java Non-TPI Class 1 Immigration Office in Pemalang usually offers competent passport issuance services. This conclusion is based on an assessment of service quality elements such as dependability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and concrete evidence. However, the report also identified a number of challenges, such as staff shortages and a lack of facilities and equipment.The Class 1 Non TPI Immigration Office in Pemalang, Central Java must take a number of steps to improve the quality of its services. These include increasing the number of employees, training to improve human resource capabilities, improving and completing facilities and infrastructure, as well as increasing community collaboration and communication. The office's goal in implementing these changes is to provide services that are faster, easier, and more acceptable to the community.

In the rapidly evolving digital age, video content has become one of the dominant and popular forms of communication. However, with the ease of access and dissemination of content, the risk of originality rights infringement has become increasingly high for content creators. This research aims to analyze the preventive measures that content creators can take when their originality rights are violated in video content. The research method involves analyzing the policies and features of major platforms such as YouTube and TikTok, as well as a review of the concept of copyright in applicable laws. The analysis shows that content creators can take effective preventive measures, including copyright registration, the addition of clear watermarks, active monitoring of content usage, and cooperation with platforms. While challenges remain, consistent preventive efforts and copyright awareness can help content creators protect their original works in the dynamic digital realm. This research provides practical guidance for content creators to maintain the integrity of their creativity and encourage a culture that respects originality rights in the digital environment.

Scientific evidence has become an important element in modern criminal justice, especially in complex cases such as Raden Adante, where alibis are used as the main defense strategy to undermine forensic evidence. In this case, scientific methods such as DNA analysis, digital traces, and toxicology examination succeeded in breaking the defendant's alibi. This research examines how scientific evidence can overcome the challenges of alibi strategies which are often used to confuse the investigative process. This study shows that accurate and standardized forensic evidence is able to objectively confirm the presence of the defendant at the scene of the crime, thereby strengthening fair and effective law enforcement efforts. The research uses a juridical-normative approach with qualitative analysis, examining regulations, legal doctrine, and expert views to assess the role of scientific evidence in dealing with alibi defenses.

This research explain how to implement civil cases settlement before and after the implementation from of E-Court system in electronic and conventional court. on this case it explains that civil cases settlement in a modern manner is described according to Supreme Court Regulation Number 7 of 2022 while conventionally described according to HIR / RBG. Before the advent of  system E-Court, the testing method was conducted conventionally. The optimization of these two forms of civil case settlement is then examined according to Law Number 48 of 2009 concerning Judicial Power where the judiciary is administered out with the principles of simple, fast and low cost. This research is a normative legal research with Statute Approach and Conceptual Approach methods. The research concluded: first, the existence of court dualism is still needed for justice seekers who still need conventional lawyers. Second. The implementation of Civil Case Settlement with the presence of E-Court as an effort to realize the principles of simple, fast and low cost in reality has not been optimal, however, E-Court has not fully resolved the cases received by the Supreme Court and the lower courts. That is, most cases are still conducted conventionally.

Corruption originates from the Latin word corruptio, which was used by Aristotle in his book degeneratio et corruptione It means change or deterioration and has no connection to power or money . Corruption offenses fall under the category of special criminal acts, thus requiring specific measures to eradicate them Indonesian positive law regulates the eradication of corruption offenses in Law Number 31 of 1999 as amended by Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Offenses. Corruption is an extraordinary crime; its impact can harm democratic values, morality, national finances, and violate social and economic rights of the community It also poses a threat to the aspirations towards a better society. The factors that cause corruption are as follows: (1) Individual behavior, (2) Political factors, (3) Economic factors, (4) Legal factors, (5) Social factors This study aims to understand and provide information about corruption, types of corruption, and the factors that cause corruption in general.

Rural and Urban Land and Building Tax is one of the main sources of State revenue for development financing. In the implementation of PBB-P2 collection, there are still many people who are not aware of the rights and obligations in paying taxes, this is due to the fact that there is still very low public awareness and knowledge in paying taxes. Public awareness as taxpayers in paying taxes will increase if there is an understanding of taxes in society. This research is an empirical legal research where data is obtained directly from the research location. Two types and sources of data are used, namely: primary data and secondary data. The data collection technique uses interview guidelines and literature/journal studies. The results of this study show that: (1). Taxpayer income in Fatululi Village is still very low in taxpayer awareness, economic conditions and the influence of Covid-19. (2). The government's countermeasures are still lacking in socialization or counseling to the taxpayer community. Suggestions need to be further increased socialization or counseling to the public about understanding paying PBB and need to be emphasized the existing tax sanctions.

Internet users in the use of information have given rise to two opposite sides, where on the one hand it is easier in terms of access and utilization of information, while on the other hand it causes various kinds of illegal acts, one of which is copyright infringement in the form of film piracy which is currently inserted through illegal streaming sites resulting in losses for the creators of cinematographic works. This of course violates the ITE Law and the Joint Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights and the Minister of Communication and Informatics concerning the Implementation of Content Closure and/or User Access Rights, Copyright Infringement and/or Related Rights in Electronic Systems. This research is a normative juridical research using a legislative and conceptual approach, using legal materials from literature and the internet as a source of legal materials. The results of the study show: (1) The form of legal protection for the creators of cinematographic works in film piracy on illegal streaming sites is reviewed from the ITE Law in a preventive manner regulated in Articles 23-25, Article 25, Article 32 paragraphs (1) and (2) of the ITE Law and has been repressively regulated in Article 48 paragraphs (1) and (2) of the ITE Law and the Joint Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights & the Minister of Communication and Information related to Content Closure. (2) The effectiveness of the legal protection provided by the government to the creators of cinematographic works in the piracy of films on illegal streaming sites provided by the government through the ITE Law and the Joint Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights and the Minister of Communication and Informatics related to site blocking cannot be said to be effective until now because the legal factor itself has not sufficiently accommodated the protection of creators clearly in the event of film piracy on illegal streaming sites.

The criminal disparity is inconsistent of different decisions toward crime with similar characteristics where its danger is comporable without obvious justification. Narcotics are substances or drugs from plants or others, wheter synthetic or semi synthetic, that can fatally affect the consciousness and lead to an addiction. This study aimed to analyze the factors influencing the disparity in judges decisions and the solutions or judges consideration in sentencing toward drug abuse cases. This normative research used a case approach referencing primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Data collection techniques were carried out using literature studies. Based on the analysis, two factors influenced the judges decision legal and social. Besides, the verdict made by the judge has not fulfilled the sense of justice due to the irrelevancy.

This article aims to explore the legal framework relating to the protection of child victims of international abduction, as well as highlighting efforts that can be made to ensure security, welfare and fair solutions for the children involved. This study uses normative juridical legal research methods, namely This was done by examining statutory regulations and international conventions in the field of legal protection for child victims of international child abduction. The method used is library research or literature study. This research uses book sources and other data. This research was also carried out by reviewing and analyzing various kinds of literature. The 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is a multilateral agreement that aims to protect children from the detrimental effects of international kidnapping by encouraging the immediate return of children who have been wrongfully appointed or detained outside their home country. The 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is the only international legal instrument specifically designed to deal with cases of transnational child abduction. Legal protection for children in mixed marriages experiencing divorce involves various aspects that require special attention. Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection, in Article 1 of the 1980 Hague Convention concerning Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is a multilateral agreement that aims to protect children from the detrimental effects of international kidnapping by encouraging the immediate return of children who have been wrongfully appointed or detained outside their home country. Legal protection for children in mixed marriages experiencing divorce involves various aspects that require special attention. Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection, in Article 1 provides a definition, what is meant by child protection is all activities to guarantee and protect children and their rights so that they can live, grow, develop and participate optimally in accordance with their dignity and human dignity, and receive protection from violence and discrimination.

The aim of this research is to discuss defaults in rental agreements for flats for low-income communities in the city of Gorontalo in light of law number 20 of 2011 concerning flats. By reviewing the issues regarding the form of implementation of the rental agreement and the legal consequences of non-performance in the agreement, this research can benefit from this. The method used in this research is an empirical legal research method. The results of this research suggest that it is necessary to provide legal education to flat tenants by implementing the contents of the rental agreement as well as the responsibility of the government as the manager of the flat, then carrying out good coordination between the relevant and authorized parties in resolving a case/case.

Refleksi kritis atas perkembangan ilmu hukum internasional di Indonesia menurut sudut pandang filsafat ilmu menjadi hal yang penting untuk dikaji karena memberikan pemahaman mendalam tentang konsep, ruang lingkup, dan hubungan antara filsafat ilmu dan ilmu hukum internasional. Selain itu, tinjauan kritis terhadap perkembangan ilmu hukum internasional di Indonesia juga akan memunculkan pemahaman yang mendalam tentang keterbatasan, tantangan, serta implikasi filsafat ilmu terhadap praktik ilmu hukum internasional di Indonesia. Kajian ini muncul sebagai respons terhadap kebutuhan akan peninjauan kritis yang mendalam terhadap keterbatasan, tantangan, serta solusi yang dapat diusulkan dalam konteks perkembangan ilmu hukum internasional di Indonesia. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini akan memberikan landasan yang kuat untuk menjalankan refleksi kritis atas perkembangan ilmu hukum internasional di Indonesia dari sudut pandang filsafat ilmu.
 
 

This study aims to determine the partial and simultaneous effects of motivation, discipline and facilities on the job performance of UPTDPagerbarang Clinic employees. This research is included in quantitative research using a sample of 87 UPTD Pagerbarang Oinic employees with saturated sampling technique. The data was processed with the SPSS 26.00 application using the multiple regression method. The results of data processing from this study show the results where the three independent variables have a significant  effect on improving employee performance. The results of hypothesis testing show that motivation, discipline, and work facilities have a very significant effect on employee performance. The results of the F test show that simultaneously has a significant influence on employee performance.

This research aims to analyze and describe the PBPU BP PEMDA/KIS PBI D UHC activation program policy to improve health services for low-income communities in Sidoarjo Regency. This type of research uses qualitative descriptive research, with data collection techniques carried out through observation and interviews. This research uses the theory of George Edward III. The research results explain that the PBPU BP PEMDA/KIS PBI D UHC activation program to improve health services, especially for low-income communities in the Sidoarjo Regency area, has been quite effective overall, but there are still several obstacles that can still be overcome by improvement and re-evaluation. The implementation of the PBPU BP PEMDA/KIS PBI D UHC activation program to improve health services for low-income communities in Sidoarjo Regency is expected to improve the quality of services better in the future..

In carrying out their duties, general practitioners have limitations both in terms of knowledge and medical facilities they possess. Furthermore, based on the Omnibus Health Law 2023, there are regulations that govern general practitioners regarding the medical procedures they can and cannot perform. Several articles that regulate referral issues are Article 19, Article 32, Article 189, and Article 360. Meanwhile, the regulation regarding specialist doctors is listed in Articles 233-235. However, it is important to emphasize that the authority of specialist doctors and general practitioners is not directly regulated in the Omnibus Law. Thus, the study that can be conducted is an interpretative study that compares it simultaneously with similar legal products. Other references that can be used are Presidential Regulation no. 31 of 2019 and Minister of Health Regulation no. 36 of 2019. Based on a comparative study and judicial analysis of the Omnibus Health Law 2023, specialist doctors have their own independence, and therefore, if they delegate authority to general practitioners, it is guaranteed by the law, including the Omnibus Health Law 2023, especially because the Omnibus Health Law 2023 opens up flexibility for specialist doctors to practice. If delegation occurs, general practitioners can be legally protected as long as the basis for this delegation is emergency for patient safety, secondly is the delegation of authority to ensure patient safety, and thirdly is part of the education for specialist doctors. Although not explicitly stated, these implications are strongly implied in the articles mentioned in the Omnibus Health Law. Nevertheless, there are certain limits that specialist doctors must follow to ensure that patients' rights are well protected, and in the future, there needs to be a strengthening of regulations so that both general practitioners and specialist doctors do not face criminalization.

This research aims to identify and analyze how social media as a tool for selling graphic design services is then linked to the legal consequences for copyright objects as well as the legal protection given to copyright owners reviewed using Law Number 28 of 2014. This research is a research normative law with a statutory approach. The legal sources used consist of primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. The legal language analysis technique uses literature study, namely books, journals, articles related to the problem topic. The results of this research show that Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright has basically provided direct legal protection for graphic design creators for the graphic design work they upload to social media. In protecting their creations, graphic design creators can take legal action, both preventive and repressive.

This study aims to determine the relationship between health facility measures and reference service measures on the quality of service for patients participating in BPJS Health at the Sukodono Community Health Center, Sidoarjo. This research also aims to describe the quality of BPJS Health services at the puskesmas. The results of previous research show that the quality of BPJS Health services at the Sukodono Community Health Center still needs to be improved, especially in the aspects of waiting time, patient satisfaction and communication with health workers. This research uses survey methods and data to find out how the quality of BPJS Health services at the Sukodono Community Health Center and how health facility actions and referral service actions influence service quality. It is hoped that the results of this research can become a reference for improving the quality of health services provided by the Sukodono Community Health Center, so that people who use BPJS Health services can receive better and more effective services.

Implementation of E-Government can improve the quality of public services through the use of information and communication technology in the government administration process. The Sidoarjo Regency Tax Services Agency also takes advantage of technological developments by issuing the Sidoarjo Regional PDS-Tax Application. The PDS Application System has been implemented at BPPD to improve services in tax activities. The success of implementation can be seen from the positive response given by Taxpayers. Although there are still obstacles faced in implementing the PDS application, such as not everyone being technologically literate. These obstacles are not a serious problem, because BPPD Sidoarjo Regency carries out outreach at all times, both directly and indirectly. The theory used is the theory of policy implementation put forward by Merilee S. Grindle. The method used is a descriptive research method with a qualitative approach. The data collection technique is through field studies consisting of observation, interviews and documentation. The results of the research show that the implementation of the PDS Application Policy is going well, this is made clear by the implementation being right on target, the socialization carried out is going well as seen from Taxpayers who already know and use the PDS Application in carrying out tax activities.
 

This research aims to analyze the revision of the Constitutional Court Law (UU MK) which has the potential to cripple the independence of judges and perpetuate authoritarian power in Indonesia. The research method used is critical analysis with a qualitative approach, which involves analysis of legal documents and related literature. This research reveals that the revision of the Constitutional Court Law could have a significant impact on the democratic system in Indonesia, with the risk of weakening the basic principles of the rule of law, separation of powers, and protection of citizens' constitutional rights. It is hoped that the research results will provide a comprehensive picture of the risks and impacts of the revision of the Constitutional Court Law and provide recommendations for strengthening the independence of the Constitutional Court and supporting the democratic system in Indonesia.

The Regional Government, in supporting education reform for better quality and optimality within its units of authority, established the Regional Public Service Agency Program (BLUD) which can be understood as a system implemented by a technical implementation unit of regional agencies/agencies in providing services to the community, and has flexibility in financial management as an exception to regional financial management provisions in general. In line with the Directorate of Vocational High School Development (SMK) in seeking SMK as a school with BLUD status, this can support the management of goods and services whose superior products can manage the production process in the Teaching Factory Program (TEFA) more flexibly without violating regulations (Fazli, 2022). Implementing the Teaching Factory (TEFA) in the form of goods and services for vocational school students is expected to align with the objectives of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) Regional Government Services, namely good management to support the BLUD Vocational School Program in schools. In conducting this research the author used a descriptive qualitative research method approach.

The implementation of human rights in Papua has been a matter of national and international concern for several decades. This prolonged conflict can involve various factors, including government organizations. Violations of this right can be carried out by other organizations in Papua and can have an impact on the local community. Papua has a long history of conflict, armed conflict between the army and separatist groups such as the Papuan Organization which has caused various violations of rights. Not only that, there are also various military operations that can be carried out to control the security situation, which often results in accusations of serious violations of rights. Many efforts were involved in solving this case, namely by using torture and other violence. The existence of this case certainly has various impacts, one of which is that these violations have resulted in psychological trauma, insecurity, and also a decline in the quality of life of the people in Papua. In addition, distrust of the government and security agencies is increasing, exacerbating conflict situations and can also hamper the peace process.
 
 

This research aims to analyze the form of protection for joint assets and the rights of each party in the marriage agreement as well as the implications of the marriage agreement for husband and wife in limited partnership (CV) businesses. The research method used by the researcher is normative research with prescriptive research characteristics whose research approach is a statutory approach and a case approach. The data collection technique used is literature study, with the syllogism method and deductive thinking as an analysis technique. The results of the research highlight the role of marriage agreements as a form of protection not only for joint assets but also the rights of husband and wife business actors, especially CVs. Apart from that, it was also found that the marriage agreement was a form of protection from the risks associated with the CV business.
 
 

Indonesia's land is not doing well now, because there is a lot of pollution, especially air pollution, which is very worrying. It was proven that in Jakarta in 2021, for 3 (three) days, the sky in Jakarta was covered with fog, which turned out to be pollution. It was created by the people of Jakarta, starting from factory fumes, then motor vehicle fumes. Based on the example above, there are actually regulations that regulate the monitoring and/or control of fumes coming out of factories or motorized vehicles, but up to now there are still many people being overlooked regarding air pollution. The method used in this research is normative juridical or library research, with a statutory approach to issues. That protection for the public against air pollution in general already exists in Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management Jo. Government Regulation Number 41 of 1999 concerning Control of Air Pollution, but the implementation regarding law enforcement by Environmental Law Enforcers is not optimal, so there is a need for cooperation between the community and the government.

The impact of a policy can occur outside the wishes of the policy formulator or commonly called unexpected impacts. PLTSA Benowo is the result of collaboration between the Surabaya City Government and PT Sumber Organik and is equipped with gasification power plant technology which is regulated in PERPRES No. 35 of 2018. This PLTSA policy is a form of handling the national waste problem, such as eliminating waste and providing socio-economic benefits in the vicinity. The purpose of this study was to analyze and describe how the evaluation of the impact that occurred from the PLTSA development policy on the community of Sumberrejo Village, Pakal District, Surabaya City. The research method in this study uses descriptive qualitative methods, for data collection through observation, documentation, and observation. The results of this study show 3 indicators including Individual Impact shows the positive impact of PLTSa for the Community economically, while the negative impact shows that it is not disturbed from the remaining emissions from the waste combustion process released by PLTSa Benowo. Community Impact The positive impact shows that it affects the increase in the economy of the wider community of Sumberrejo Village, while the negative impact is that the community feels an increase in air pollution that disturbs the comfort of the community due to air pollution from PLTSa Benowo. Social System Impact The positive impact shows a change in the social system in the community because there is an increase in economic structure and a reduction in unemployment, while the negative impact shows there is an indication of social inequality such as feelings of envy from people who do not get economic benefits from PLTSa to people who get economic benefits from PLTSa Benowo.
 

In the era of globalization, financial technology (fintech) has enabled society to access financial services quickly and efficiently. However, the emergence of illegal Fintech presents risks to consumers, such as financial losses and privacy breaches. Legal protection for victims of illegal fintech practices is important to ensure the safety and rights of consumers. This study aims to identify the legal consequences of illegal P2PL Fintech and evaluate legal protection for victims in the context of the case study Decision Number 3115 K/PDT/2021. The study uses a normative juridical method by analyzing relevant legal texts, such as laws, regulations, and court decisions. The results show that the legal consequences of illegal Fintech include law enforcement actions, compensation for victims, regulatory prevention efforts, and improved consumer protection. Victims of illegal Fintech practices receive legal protection from existing regulations and law enforcement. Court decisions, such as Decision Study Number 3115 K/PDT/2021, serve as important legal precedents in addressing these illegal practices. Thus, this research provides a better understanding of consumer protection in illegal fintech practices and emphasizes the importance of strict regulations and effective law enforcement in maintaining the integrity of the fintech industry and public trust.

In today's criminal justice discourse, restorative justice has gained traction. A restorative justice system has been included into the institutional policy of several law enforcement agencies. Additionally, it is included in the 2020–2024 National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN). Since restorative justice is beneficial to and compatible with environmental conservation, it has also been developed in the field of environmental law. In light of this, the present study examines restorative justice as a broad idea within the context of Indonesian environmental legislation. This paper also highlights issues and considers critically whether the normative juridical approach of restorative justice may be used to address environmental crimes.

Public service is crucial for fulfilling community basic needs, particularly in healthcare. Puskesmas Porong, a healthcare institution in Sidoarjo District, serves as the primary focus of this study. With a vision to provide quality and professional healthcare services to the community, Puskesmas Porong plays a pivotal role as the primary healthcare center in Porong Subdistrict. Despite adequate facilities including 46 inpatient beds and coverage of 10 surrounding villages, challenges persist. High patient influx poses significant issues such as long waiting times for services, attributed to insufficient staff and resources. Moreover, limited community participation in providing feedback is a concern, hindering the identification of issues and optimal solutions for healthcare service improvement.This qualitative research aims to analyze healthcare service quality at Puskesmas Porong, employing interviews with key stakeholders including the head of the health center, medical staff, administrative personnel, and patients. Additionally, observation and documentation methods were utilized to gather comprehensive data on service provision, patient satisfaction, and facility conditions. Results reveal that while operational procedures are generally adhered to, discrepancies exist between management perceptions and patient experiences. Patients highlight shortcomings in BPJS utilization, medical equipment adequacy, and diagnostic accuracy, underscoring the need for targeted improvements to enhance service quality and community trust.

With the times, the modus operandi of crime has also evolved. It’s characterized by crime victims who are currently not only limited to adults, but children are also often victims. One of the crimes that often befall children is sexual abuse. Indonesia as a state of law has attempted to protect children from crime, for example by establishing laws and regulations. One form of protection is by providing rights for child victims of criminal acts, one of which is the right to restitution. However, in practice, the provision of restitution hasn’t t been optimally implemented. The purpose of this research is to find out the causes of the provision of restitution that hasn’t been optimally implemented, especially in the case of Decision Number 133/Pid.Sus/2023/PN. This research uses empirical legal research methods with interview data collection techniques. Based on the results of the research, there are two factors that become obstacles in providing restitution for child victims. First, internal factors in the form of the absence of coercive rules if the perpetrator doesn’t pay restitution, administrative requirements for submitting restitution requests that burden the victim, and there are no rules that guarantee restitution is immediately paid by the perpetrator. Second, external factors in the form of the victim's lack of legal awareness and still focusing on punishing the perpetrator.

This research aims to find out how the implementation of the Smart Indonesia Program (PIP) in Tanjungpinang city in 2023 stueis at SMAN 4 Tanjungpinang, using descriptive method of qualitative approach, data collection is done by observation, interviews, documentation, and recording secondary data related to research problems, then qualitative alaysis is carried out. The results showed that implementation of the Smart Indonesia Program (PIP) in Tanjungpinang city in 2023 study at SMAN 4 Tanjungpinang has been well implemented although there are several variabels that must be improved in the implementation of PIP in the future. Such as the lack of dissemination on information about PIP, there is no additional quita given, and the lack of use of funds obtained by recipitiens so that yhis can result in misuseof funds. Therefore, it is hoped that in the future the government can overcome the shortcomings in the implementation of PIP so that the implementationcan be more effective and efficient.

The increase in cooking oil as a staple food is certainly detrimental to consumers, especially consumers from the lower middle class, after the problem of scarcity of cooking oil occurred in Indonesia and various policies to adjust the price of cooking oil carried out by the government, provide evidence that the urgency of the price of cooking oil has an impact on society. This research aims to find out and explain the causes of the increase in cooking oil prices carried out by shop entrepreneurs in West Sabu sub-district, Sabu Raijua Regency. The research method used is that this research is included in empirical legal research, namely a legal research method that attempts to see the law in a real sense or can be said to see, examine how law works in society, which then uses a research approach, a qualitative type of approach. The research results show that legal protection for consumers can be carried out by resolving disputes in court and outside of court. Every consumer who is harmed can sue business actors through institutions tasked with resolving disputes between consumers and business actors or through courts within the general court environment and the government also plays an important role in efforts to protect consumers legally. The form of consumer protection provided is by issuing laws and government regulations, where the implementation of statutory regulations is then carried out by supervising the implementation of these regulationsto be able to socialize it to the public and there is also a need for supervision carried out by the government on business actors.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the legal impact and reasons for the community to maintain the Molas Kole tradition against women who commit adultery in West Manggarai Regency. The type of research used by researchers in conducting this research is empirical research translated by legal research complemented by empirical data. The results show that the legal impact of the Molas Kole Teradition is also very large. In addition to the impact on women on children, and the impact of this one customary law also has an impact on the family. The reason for the community to maintain this tradition is also irrelevant because when maintaining a customary crime which in its resolution has many losers, this custom can no longer be used as a way out in solving problems in society. The holding of this Customary Law Tradition is also contrary to church law, because many perpetrators of the Molas Kole tradition separate themselves from their husbands or wives and remarry without being known by the church, so that it will cause new problems that can ensnare the two perpetrators and even the family will also be involved.

This research aims to gain a deeper understanding of the East Sepatan District's efforts in realizing excellent service in issuing E-KTP, which is based on the principles of good governance. Using a descriptive and qualitative approach, data was collected through field observations through interviews with informants consisting of Heads of Sections, Secretaries and Employees in East Sepatan District, as well as notes. Next, the data obtained was analyzed from the data reduction process, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. E-KTP services in East Sepatan District must meet the principles of good governance standards, namely including the principles of professionalism, transparency, supervision, responsiveness, democracy and participation, efficiency and effectiveness, foresight, and law enforcement, all of which comply with good governance standards. is trying to improve all these aspects and can be said to be almost on the verge of being good, but there are still several shortcomings and weaknesses in its implementation. The results of interviews and observations show that the e-KTP making service in East Sepatan District meets all the specified indicators. Solution So that good governance can be implemented optimally, governance principles such as legal regulations and justice need to always be considered and evaluated.

This study aims to discuss the spread of hoaxes from an Islamic perspective, focusing on the teachings of Hadith. The methodology involves a qualitative approach through the study of religious texts, specifically Hadith, to understand the moral implications of hoaxes. The study also explores the significance of raising public awareness about hoaxes and their potential consequences on society. The findings suggest that hoaxes are considered a form of deception and are strongly discouraged in Islamic teachings. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of adhering to Islamic communication ethics in dealing with hoaxes, such as verifying information before sharing it and being cautious about the impact of one's words.

In the recesses of the Palestine-Israel conflict which continues to metamorphose, the Intifada movement has become a symbol of resistance to occupation and oppression which curbs the aspirations of the Palestinian people. However, in this era of increasingly connected globalization, the dynamics of this movement are experiencing a significant transformation, which challenges traditional paradigms and brings new challenges that affect both parties. With major challenges such as perceived injustice and political instability, resolving this conflict has the potential to reduce extremism and increase stability in the Middle East, so this study will explore how the Palestinian Intifada influenced conflict resolution efforts with the aim of understanding the essence of the Intifada movement which is often seen as a form of extremism and radicalization, and this study will also explore the transformation of the Palestinian Intifada into a global phenomenon, considering its impact on conflict dynamics and practical approaches to achieving sustainable and stable peace in the region.
 
 

Development is one way to create people's welfare. Therefore, the results of development must be able to be enjoyed by all people as a form of increasing physical and spiritual welfare in a fair and equitable manner. To stimulate economic growth and focus investment policies, the government is aggressively creating Special Economic Zones (KEK) in various regions. It is hoped that people can feel the maximum benefits. Batam City has a strategic location, one of which is Rempang Island which has a lot of potential that can be developed, both in the tourism, economic and social sectors. However, there are misunderstandings between local communities and the government, giving rise to quite serious conflicts due to territorial struggles. So there is a need for efforts to protect the rights of people affected by the clearing of land for investment purposes on Rempang Island, Batam, which can be done with preventive efforts, repressive efforts or prosecution efforts. So this research uses normative juridical research methods, namely focusing on the analysis of doctrine, norms and the application of certain legal principles in dealing with certain legal subjects. With a statutory regulation approach and conceptualization method, it uses technical analysis of legal materials to solve frozen problems.

This study aims to analyze the division of inheritance rights based on the Hadiths of Bukhari and Muslim and the Articles of the Civil Code; how the division of inheritance rights is viewed in the perspective of the Hadiths of Bukhari and whether it is in accordance with the provisions of the Civil Code. The research method used is document analysis, collecting data from Islamic law and civil law literature and comparing the two. The results show that the division of inheritance rights in the Hadiths of Bukhari emphasizes the principles of equality and justice for heirs, while the Civil Code regulates the division of inheritance rights based on lineage and the number of heirs. So, the division of inheritance rights in the Hadiths of Bukhari emphasizes the principles of equality and justice, while the Civil Code regulates the division of inheritance rights based on lineage and the number of heirs, thus indicating a difference in approach in determining inheritance in the context of Islamic law and civil law in Indonesia.

The aim of this research is to understand the multi-party system in Indonesia, the political representation system in Indonesia, and the relationship between these systems with the political dynamics in Kelurahan Dompak, Tanjung Pinang. A descriptive qualitative research method was employed, utilizing interviews, observations, and document analysis to gain an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon. The results indicate that Indonesia's political system provides opportunities for various political parties to participate in the political process and elections. At the local level, the relationship between political parties, the community, and the government is crucial in the context of democracy. Although the dynamics of political money influence the public's perception of assistance provided by candidates, the principles of political equality and freedom remain the foundation of the political representation system aimed at forming a government that is responsive to the needs of the people.

The problem in this research is that there is still a lack of nutritional intake such as milk provided by LPKA Class II Batam, this is due to a lack of budget. The aim of this research is to find out how children's food is implemented in fulfilling children's nutrition and providing milk to children at LPKA Class II Batam. The type of research approach used is empirical juridical, where research uses legal aspects (observation with reality in the field). Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that the implementation of providing milk for assisted children is still not going well, namely that assisted children are only given milk according to their needs and these children do not even receive milk regularly. This is because the budget given to LPKA Class II Batam is inadequate to provide milk to the children assisted regularly and comprehensively. To comply with the Minister of Law and Human Rights Regulation, the LPKA Class II Batam has provided food to children in accordance with Minister of Law and Human Rights Regulation Number 40 of 2017 concerning Guidelines for Food Administration. For Prisoners, Children and Prisoners. Assisted children are given food 3 times a day and the food provided contains good nutrition