This article explains the Bakaua ritual at sacred graves, a tradition of the Nagari Sungai Limau community that has deep theological value. This research aims to analyze the meaning of theological values in the Bakaua ritual and how its practice can strengthen people's spiritual relationships. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this research examines the spiritual, social, and cultural aspects inherent in the Bakaua tradition. The research results indicate that this ritual serves not only as a means of prayer and respect for ancestors but also as a medium for strengthening social relations and preserving local wisdom. Apart from that, the Bakaua ritual is seen as a form of asking for protection, expressing gratitude, and fulfilling vows, which reflects the close relationship between culture and theology in the life of Minangkabau society. The method used in this research is qualitative, encouraging a different approach from previous research, which only discussed Bakaua dramaturgy in the Minangkabau society. However, this paper places more emphasis on aspects of theological values in the Bakaua ritual tradition at sacred graves. This study highlights how theological meaning is embodied through symbolic practices, offerings, and communal prayers that represent submission to divine will. It also reveals how the ritual facilitates intergenerational transmission of spiritual values, maintaining continuity of belief systems in modern contexts. By analyzing community participation and oral narratives, the research uncovers deep spiritual motives rooted in Islamic beliefs intertwined with local cultural expressions. In addition, the findings underscore the community’s resilience in preserving traditional theology-based rituals despite the influence of modernization and shifts in religious interpretations. The Bakaua ritual thus becomes a cultural-theological bridge that binds generations and sustains spiritual identity within the dynamic life of the Minangkabau people.

According to the term, waqf is the holding of assets whose benefits are taken without being destroyed immediately for permissible use and is intended to obtain the blessing of Allah SWT. This study aims to analyze the management of waqf at the Indonesian Waqf Tabung institution in the waqf fund model and the programs implemented with benefits to various fields. This research uses qualitative research methods. The data used consists of primary data and secondary data obtained through observation and pre-existing literature or research. The research results show that the waqf management at Tabung Waqf Indonesia is in accordance with Islamic law, can run programs well and is invested in various forms of business with surplus proceeds being used for social programs, and the management of the waqf has had positive implications in improving the community's economy. This research contributes to the development of studies related to waqf management at the Indonesian Tabung Waqf institution in the waqf fund model and the programs implemented with a more detailed explanation along with their relationship to benefits in the fields of health, education, economics and social development.

Nowadays, groundwater in the world has been widely exploited along with the increasing population. One of the impacts of massive groundwater extraction is the decline in groundwater levels. This potential could occur at one of the airports in East Java which is one of the most crowded airports in Indonesia. The large number of passengers at the airport has increased groundwater extraction due to the increasing need for sanitation, airport facilities, and other operational needs. This study aims to determine the potential for groundwater level decline at one of the airports in East Java. The research method used is a quantitative method by projecting secondary data from the results of groundwater level sampling carried out every 6 months. The results of the study showed a decline in groundwater levels at one of the airports in East Java in the next 20 years due to the increase in passengers each year. The results of this study are expected to be one of the preventive steps for all of us to maintain the sustainability of groundwater resources.
 

This article contains a discussion about the use of language style as a medium of expression in the lyrics of the song Karya Stand Here Alone with the title introvert, the selection of this song as a research material because in writing the lyrics using an interesting language style with a medium of expression that can make listeners, who especially have an introvert nature as if in accordance with their lives, in addition the selection of this song was chosen because it is one of the favorite songs of researchers who want to further analyze the meaning in the album, especially in the song entitled introvert. The purpose of this study is to analyze the use of language as a medium of expression in the song introvert. The study was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method that uses reading, listening and writing techniques, this study has the potential to be a reference for subsequent research.

Financial intelligence is an individual's ability to understand, manage, and optimize the management of personal finances. Financial mathematics is becoming an important tool in developing financial intelligence. In this research using literature study method this method involves the search and collection of information from related literature sources. Through financial mathematics, one can calculate the future value of an investment, estimate the return on an investment, calculate annuity payments, understand the concept of time value of money, and analyze investment risk. The application of financial mathematics in financial intelligence provides an advantage in taking better financial decisions and managing finances effectively. By utilizing financial mathematics, one can improve their understanding of Finance, make effective financial planning, and take better financial decisions.

In advertising, females are frequently positioned as the center of attention to establish product image through culturally recognized signs and symbols. Advertisements transcend their promotional function, acting as media that both reflect and influence societal perceptions, including gender roles within daily life. This is exemplified in the Vicks VapoRub advertisement titled "Mother's Amazing Hands," which portrays women as mothers perpetually prepared to care for their families. This study investigates the representation of the mother's role within the aforementioned advertisement using Roland Barthes' semiotic theory. The research aims to twofold: 1) identify the denotative, connotative, and mythical meanings embedded within the Vicks VapoRub "Mother's Amazing Hands" ad; and 2) analyze the portrayal of the mother figure through the lens of Barthes' semiotic framework. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach, utilizing Barthes' semiotic analysis method alongside concepts of social construction of reality, cinematography techniques, and the societal role of mothers. Through the analysis of verbal, non-verbal, audio, and visual elements within the advertisement, the study revealed the multifaceted representation of the mother's role. This includes functions of caregiving, nurturing, and treatment of family members, ultimately portraying the tangible actions a mother takes in providing for her family.

Computational Thinking (CT) emerged as a crucial competency that bridges digital literacy and scientific problem solving in the context of achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4 on quality education. However, the model of integrating CT in science learning is still poorly explored, hindering progress towards SDG Targets 4.4 (technical skills) and 4.7 (scientific literacy). This study is the first bibliometric analysis to map the trends of CT research in science learning (2021–2023) through Scopus. The novelty lies in the identification of global collaboration patterns, knowledge gaps, and research priorities that are aligned with the 2030 Agenda. Three research questions were guided: (1) Publication distribution, (2) Dominant journals and subject areas, (3) Keyword dynamics/co-occurrence networks. Data retrieved from Scopus using the strings TITLE-ABS-KEY("Computational Thinking" AND "Science Education/Learning") (47 articles, open access, 2021–2023). Analysis techniques include: Performance analysis (publication/citation metrics), Science mapping (author affiliation), Network analysis (keyword grouping via VOSviewer). Key findings show: (1) Peak publication in 2022 (19 articles), (2) Education Sciences (Q1) as the top journal (7 articles), (3) Dominance of Social Sciences (43 articles) and Computer Science (21), (4) Most cited articles: Lodi & Martini (2021; 43 citations), (5) Main keywords: Computational Thinking (27 appearances), Computer Science Education (15), (6) US-led geographic contributions (>20 publications),  (7) Co-occurrence analysis reveals that Scratch (a block-based application) is a less researched CT tool (3 occurrences) than technical languages such as Python. CT integration improves science literacy but is constrained by teacher training gaps (SDG 4.c) and access to resources. The scarcity of research on gamified tools like Scratch signals a critical innovation gap. This study provides an evidence-based roadmap to prioritize teacher professional development, scale accessible CT tools (e.g., Scratch) for science education, and direct future research toward SDG-aligned classroom-based practices.

The Community Service Program (KKN) implemented by universities in district or city areas is expected to provide change, sustainable development and have benefits for the community. In Group 2 KKN in Ringinanom Village, Tempuran District, Magelang Regency, several quality work programs have been implemented, one of which is the adiwiyata program which can be used to form and increase awareness of the people of Bedilan Hamlet and students of MI Al-Islam Ringinanom about the importance of protecting the surrounding environment. hamlets and school environments. The Adiwiyata program is carried out using a Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approach. This service was carried out to overcome problems in the environment around the hamlet and school which looked dirty and unkempt, so that the service carried out by Ringinanom Village KKN Group 2 has provided a solution to overcome existing problems through the adiwiyata program and activities that have been implemented. The Adiwiyata program that has been implemented has provided results such as making the environment of Bedilan Hamlet and MI Al-Islam Ringinanom cleaner and appearing free of plastic waste strewn on the side of the road, as well as gutters full of wild plants now looking clean so they will not cause water blockages when it rains. The construction of gates and road signs which initially did not exist in Bedilan Hamlet have now been neatly installed as a manifestation of the construction of facilities/infrastructure carried out by Group 2 of the Ringinanom Village KKN. Based on the activities that have been carried out at MI Al-Islam Ringinanom and with some knowledge about the importance of protecting and preserving the environment, students are now more active in carrying out cleanliness pickets so that the activities with Group 2 of the Ringinanom Village KKN make students accustomed to keeping the classroom and school environment clean

This study discusses the comparison of taxation systems between developed and developing countries, focusing on the strategic role of taxes in national development, tax administration challenges, and the relationship between public service quality and taxpayer compliance. Using a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study method, this research compares Sweden, a developed country known for its transparent and efficient tax system, with Indonesia, a developing country that still faces challenges in tax collection and administration. The findings reveal that the success of a tax system depends greatly on transparency, public service quality, and public trust. In developed countries, taxes serve not only as state revenue but also as tools for income redistribution and economic control. Meanwhile, in developing countries, the main obstacles include low compliance, legal uncertainty, weak enforcement, and underdeveloped administrative culture. Therefore, tax reform is essential to improve tax system effectiveness and public participation. This study recommends regulatory improvement, increased tax literacy, and service innovation to build a fair, transparent, and sustainable tax system.

Keandalan mesin merupakan faktor krusial dalam industri Air Minum Dalam Kemasan (AMDK) untuk menjaga efisiensi dan kontinuitas produksi. Penelitian ini berfokus pada mesin blow moulding di PT. X Banyuwangi, yang mengalami downtime tinggi akibat pemeliharaan yang kurang efisien. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi sumber pemborosan dan meningkatkan keandalan mesin melalui penerapan Value Stream Maintenance Mapping (VSMM) dan Root Cause Analysis (RCA). Metode penelitian meliputi observasi langsung, wawancara terstruktur, dan analisis dokumen downtime serta data produksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan lean maintenance mampu mengurangi Mean Maintenance Lead Time (MMLT) secara signifikan: pemeliharaan piston dari 211 menjadi 115 menit (reduksi 45%), dan motor dari 131 menjadi 80 menit (reduksi 39%). Identifikasi pemborosan berdasarkan konsep seven waste mengungkap inefisiensi dalam transportasi, waktu tunggu, kesalahan proses, dan persediaan berlebih. Implementasi rekomendasi perbaikan berdasarkan RCA berhasil menurunkan frekuensi gangguan pada part kritis serta meningkatkan realisasi produksi mendekati target bulanan. Sintesis dari temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi VSMM dan RCA efektif dalam meningkatkan efisiensi sistem pemeliharaan dan produktivitas operasional. Kesimpulannya, pendekatan lean maintenance yang diterapkan dapat meningkatkan keandalan mesin dan daya saing perusahaan, serta berpotensi diadaptasi pada industri manufaktur lainnya untuk mendukung keberlanjutan operasional.