Coral reefs are vital habitats for numerous fish species, providing food, shelter, and breeding grounds. In Jepara Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, these ecosystems are threatened by human activities and natural disturbances. This study aimed to assess the biodiversity of reef fish in relation to coral health degradation. Researchers used the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) and Underwater Visual Census (UVC) methods to evaluate fish abundance and coral coverage across three locations with six sampling stations. 936 reef fish individuals, representing 35 species and 14 families, were recorded, with the Pomacentridae family being the most prevalent. The highest coral coverage, categorized as fair, was found at Location II (Blebak Beach) at Stations 3 and 4, with coverage of 27.93% and 25.61%, respectively. This coral coverage was positively correlated with reef fish abundance, with counts of 238 and 246 individuals (average ± SD: 242 ± 5.65). The biodiversity index indicated a dominance index (D) ranging from 0.05 to 0.14 (in the fair category), a high evenness index (E) between 0.75 and 1, and a low dominance index (D) between 0.05 and 0.14. A significant correlation was found between coral coverage and reef fish numbers (P < 0.05, R² = 0.8702), with a linear regression equation of y=6.26+67.71. The findings suggest that the health of coral reef ecosystems significantly affects reef fish populations. Hereafter, the healthiness of this ecosystem will support the scientific core development of Marine Sciences as well as fulfill society's need (economically).

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a biomaterial containing calcium phosphate with the chemical formula which is similar to the structure of human bone, so it is good for the purpose of healing human bones and teeth. HAp synthesis has several methods that can affect the results of HAp synthesis, such as the method of mixing CaO with phosphate, namely mixing with ultrasonic machines and magnetic stirrers. However, the discussion about the difference of HAp results with the mixing method of ultrasonic machine and magnetic stirrer is still rarely done. Therefore, it is important to examine and compare the characteristics of HAp synthesized by ultrasonic and magnetic stirrer mixing. The result of XRD test shows that HA1 has a purity of weight percentage (wt.%) of HAp crystal of 99.8%, while HA2 has a weight percentage (wt.%) of HAp crystal of 97.7%. For the FTIR test results of both specimens detected the presence of phosphate groups, and hydoxide, where both are the basic form of hydroxyapatite. Carbonate groups were also detected in the test, but it cannot be said to be bad because carbonate is a natural substitute for phosphate. 

A significant challenge in contemporary education is the limited understanding of technical subjects by students, such as the starter system within the Automotive Engineering program. The use of less engaging learning media leads to a decrease in student motivation, which ultimately affects academic performance. This study investigates the impact of an e-module, designed with Flipbook Maker, on student comprehension of the starter system. A quantitative approach was employed, utilizing pretests and posttests, along with surveys distributed to measure changes in understanding and student responses to digital learning media. The collected data was analyzed using simple linear regression through the SPSS software. The study involved a sample of 70 students from the XI grade of the Automotive Engineering program at SMK Negeri 1 Kandeman. The results revealed that the use of the e-module significantly improved student understanding, with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.469 and an effect size (R Square) of 0.673, indicating that 67.3% of the variance in understanding was explained by the e-module. In conclusion, the e-module effectively enhanced student comprehension of the starter system. Students expressed a preference for digital learning media due to its flexibility in being accessed anytime and anywhere, both online and offline.

E-Learning becomes a platform which supports technology-based learning on many aspects. The usage of E-Learning becomes the main choice especially in education world. SMK TI Bali Global Jimbaran, which is a middle level vocational school, utilizes this platform in its learning process. In its implementation process, there needs to be a precise and thorough supervision to ensure that the system runs according to business goals. This mapping is conducted to know the process used for measurements. This mapping is done by framework with COBIT 5 by applying PAM (Process Assessment Model), which is adjusted with the condition on research place. The activity measurement are derived from several domains on COBIT 5 with mapping process based on the business goals and institution goals. The domains used are EDM03, AP003, BAI07, DSS05 and MEA01. The results of governance measurement process on current capability level is on level 4 (predicable process) and the expected capability level is on level 5 (Optimizing Process) which has gap value of 2 level.

In the rapidly evolving digital era, the use of mobile applications has become a fundamental necessity across various sectors, including the construction industry. PT Home Center Indonesia, which specializes in providing and installing furniture for building projects, faces challenges in the QC Pass Land recording process, which is currently done manually. This practice poses risks of data loss, miscommunication with vendors, human errors, and data invalidity, ultimately disrupting work efficiency. This study aims to develop a mobile application to replace the manual recording system in the QC Pass Land process for the Sky House BSD project. The application is designed to enhance the efficiency, accuracy, and reliability of data recording while minimizing the risk of information loss through the implementation of a structured digital system. Additionally, the application is equipped with a feature that allows the inclusion of photo evidence, thereby improving data validity. The results of developing this mobile application are expected to accelerate the recording and furniture installation process, reduce the time required for data verification, and provide a solution that can be implemented in future projects. Through this practical work, the implementation of the application is anticipated to run effectively and contribute significantly to improving the QC Pass Land process at PT Home Center Indonesia.

Inquiry skills are essential for prospective physics teachers. Inquiry skills are a necessary in the educational curriculum because they can help students construct scientific knowledge and skills, essential activities in science learning. This research aims to validate the scientific inquiry skills test used to evaluate the scientific inquiry skills of prospective physics teachers. This research used a quantitative method with a cross-sectional survey design. The adapted inquiry skills test questions consisted of 35 items covering nine aspects of inquiry skills. The participants in this research were 168 prospective physics teachers who were chosen randomly and came from educational institutions on the islands of Indonesia. The results show that the adapted inquiry skills test meets the validity and reliability criteria based on Rasch parameters. On average, students' skills are still low in answering inquiry skills test questions. Analysis of differential item function reveals that the inquiry skills test items contain minimal biases based on university category and gender but are slightly larger based on semester level. The inquiry skills scores of students in semesters II, IV, and VI were not significantly different. The inquiry skills scores of male students are significantly different from the inquiry skills scores of female students. The adapted inquiry skills test instrument has met the criteria of validity, reliability, and slight bias based on university category and gender. A small number of test items need to be corrected so they are not biased based on the student's semester level. The evaluation results show that male students show better inquiry skills than female students. Reorganization is needed in planning and implementing learning strategies that can facilitate the inquiry skills of prospective physics teachers.

The automatic light sensor switch commonly used in the Electrical Power Installation Engineering Department at SMK Negeri 1 Tonjong is a factory-manufactured sensor switch with a complex circuit design, which has led to a decline in student learning motivation. This issue becomes the main reason for conducting research on the development of an instructional model for electrical lighting installations using a TRIAC-based light sensor switch, specifically applied in smart building lighting systems. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE development model. The findings of the study are as follows: (1) The developed product was deemed suitable for use, with a Content Validity Index (CVI) score of 0.88 from media experts and a Percentage of Agreement (PA) of 88%, and a CVI score of 0.91 and PA of 91% from subject material experts; (2) Product testing results indicated a high level of effectiveness, as shown by the Independent Sample t-Test on the N-gain Score, yielding a significance value (Sig. 2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05; and (3) The reproducibility coefficient (Kr) and scalability coefficient (Ks) were 92% and 81.5%, respectively, indicating that the instructional model for electrical lighting installation using the TRIAC-based light sensor switch is highly practical .

Limited understanding of 2D and 3D sketching using Autodesk Inventor Drawing, constrained by conventional teaching methods and the lack of adequate learning modules, remains a significant challenge in the manufacturing design course for Mechanical Engineering students at SMK Negeri 5 Semarang. This issue directly impacts student learning outcomes. This study aims to develop a flipbook-based e-module to improve learning achievements, with its effectiveness analyzed through t-tests and N-gain tests. The research employed the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). An experimental method was applied using a pretest-posttest control group design, involving 64 students divided into an experimental class and a control class. The results indicated that the developed e-module, including its content, media, and assessment instruments, was deemed feasible for use. Statistical analysis revealed a significant improvement in the experimental class compared to the control class, as evidenced by a t-value greater than the critical t-table value (7.664 > 1.998). Furthermore, the N-gain test showed a moderate increase in the experimental class (0.56) compared to the control class (0.32), demonstrating an enhancement in student learning outcomes. This study highlights the positive impact of integrating technology into education and emphasizes the importance of innovative teaching methods in advancing student competencies in manufacturing design.

Grocery stores are a very important type of business in society, especially in urban areas. However, in increasingly fierce competition, grocery stores must always innovate in developing marketing strategies to increase purchasing power, retain old customers and attract new customers. This research aims to provide an understanding of effective marketing strategies both offline and online. The results of this research show that grocery stores in Benowo District, Surabaya implement diverse and targeted marketing strategies to increase the sales volume of their products in market share.

The practice of buying and selling rice using the "tebasan" system occurs in Bedoro Village, Sambungmacan District, Sragen Regency. In this practice, farmers conduct transactions with buyers when the rice plants have turned yellow but are not yet ready for harvest, with a down payment as a sign of commitment. The buyer then waits until the rice is ready for harvest to proceed with harvesting and completing the payment. This study aims to review the practice of buying and selling rice using the tebasan system in Bedoro Village from the perspective of Sharia Economic Law. This research uses field research methods with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through interviews, documentation, and observation. The results indicate that the transaction of buying and selling rice using the tebasan system in Bedoro Village is valid according to Sharia Economic Law. This is because the transaction meets the pillars and conditions of sale and purchase, including the presence of two contracting parties, the goods being traded, and the agreement (ijab qabul), while avoiding elements that could invalidate the transaction such as gharar, riba, dual-purpose transactions, and the utilization and maintenance of land by the buyer.