This study aims to explore the perspective of Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) teachers and classroom teachers regarding the form and effectiveness of cooperation in the implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5) with the topic of Sustainable Lifestyle at Pajajaran State Elementary School. The implementation of the Independent Curriculum emphasizes the importance of collaborative, comprehensive, and contextual learning, where synergy between teachers is the main foundation for the success of thematic projects. This collaboration is essential to ensure that learning not only develops cognitive aspects, but also forms character and environmental awareness in students. The research method used is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through semi-structured interviews, direct observation during the learning process, and document analysis such as learning implementation plans and P5 project reports. The data was analyzed with the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing to obtain a comprehensive picture of the teacher's collaboration strategy. PJOK teachers play a role in field practice, such as teaching physical activities that prioritize the principles of sustainability and healthy living habits. Meanwhile, classroom teachers emphasized strengthening conceptual material on sustainability through discussions, literacy, and creative projects. The results of the study show that the synergy between PJOK teachers and classroom teachers creates more effective and meaningful learning. Challenges that arise include limited time for coordination, differences in teaching styles, and lack of a comprehensive understanding of sustainability concepts. However, motivation, commitment, and good communication are key factors to overcome these obstacles. This research emphasizes that teacher collaboration is crucial in supporting the successful implementation of the Independent Curriculum, while instilling the values of environmental care, independence, and social responsibility in students.

Pharmaceutical packaging plays an important role in maintaining the stability, safety, and effectiveness of drug products during storage and distribution. Drug stability can be affected by various environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, oxygen, and light. Therefore, packaging innovation is a crucial strategy to extend the shelf life of drugs and maintain product quality, especially for sensitive preparations such as injections, transdermal patches, and biologics. This study is a literature review that aims to evaluate the impact of packaging innovation on the physical and chemical stability of pharmaceutical products. This study confirms that packaging selection is not just a technical aspect, but a vital strategy in ensuring pharmaceutical quality. Further research is needed to integrate smart packaging and advanced barrier technologies into modern pharmaceutical distribution systems.

Stability testing is an important step in the development of pharmaceutical products. This testing must be conducted before the product is manufactured, whether on an industrial or non-industrial scale. Currently, liquid formulations are experiencing rapid development, one of which is suspension. Suspension itself is a liquid formulation that contains undissolved solid particles dispersed in the liquid phase. To assess the stability of suspension, various evaluations are performed such as organoleptic tests, sedimentation volume, redispersion, density, viscosity, particle size distribution, and pH measurement. Based on several studies, temperature is known to affect the stability of drugs, especially in suspension formulations. A study related to diclofenac suspension showed that at a temperature of 4°C, its stability reaches 96.3%, while at temperatures of 40°C and 60°C, there is a significant reduction in content, amounting to 89.58% and 85.17% respectively. Meanwhile, research on folic acid suspension revealed that the drug remains stable at temperatures of 4°C and 25°C, although on day 90 there was an increase in pH. Another study on cefuroxime axetil suspension showed that at a temperature of 20°C, its concentration was 87.68%, while at 5°C, it was higher at 92.35%. This research underscores the importance of considering temperature in the storage and formulation of pharmaceutical suspensions to maintain their effectiveness and stability.

Packaging plays an important role in maintaining the quality, stability, and effectiveness of medicines, both in the form of pharmaceutical preparations and herbal products. This review article aims to analyze the role of primary and secondary packaging materials through literature studies from various relevant journals. The method used was a literature review of four selected national and international journals that discussed the influence of packaging on product stability, information effectiveness, and product image in the eyes of consumers. The results of the study show that primary packaging functions to protect products directly from environmental influences, while secondary packaging functions in distribution, storage, and strengthening visual and branding aspects. Innovations such as the use of adsorbent plastics and visual redesign have been proven to increase stability and consumer confidence in the product. It can be concluded that packaging is a crucial aspect that not only maintains the physical-chemical quality of the product, but also shapes consumer perception and compliance.

This article provides a comprehensive review of drug stability testing, specifically focusing on tablet dosage forms. It elucidates the fundamental principles, the critical role of ICH Q1 guidelines, and essential parameters evaluated during stability studies, including physical, chemical, and microbiological aspects. The discussion covers various types of stability studies, standardized storage conditions, and the interpretation of results for determining shelf life and ensuring product quality. Relevant case studies on tablet stability are also integrated to illustrate practical applications. This review aims to provide a structured overview of stability testing methodologies and their significance in pharmaceutical development and quality assurance.

This study explains the impact of digital marketing growth and business ethics on the competitive advantage of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Cikarang. MSMEs have competed intensively in this digital era, so it is important to use innovative digital marketing and uphold business ethics to gain customer trust. However, most MSMEs in Cikarang still find it difficult to implement effective digital marketing strategies and business ethics in their daily operations, resulting in low competitive advantage. In the real world, this study uses a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires to 60 MSME actors in Cikarang. The results show that the development of digital marketing and business ethics simultaneously have a significant influence on the competitive advantage of MSMEs. Although the role of digital marketing is significant, business ethics has a greater influence in shaping the competitive advantage of MSMEs in Cikarang. This means that MSMEs in Cikarang not only need to develop digital marketing, but also must prioritize business ethics to achieve sustainable competitive advantage..

This article aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of legislation in the management and protection of peatlands in Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency, as well as to identify the main obstacles and legal strategies that can be applied to overcome them. The background of the issue highlights that peatlands have significant ecological functions, particularly in maintaining environmental balance and mitigating climate change. Their existence faces serious threats due to land conversion, fires, and uncontrolled exploitation. The urgency of this research lies in the need to review the effectiveness of the regulations that have been implemented to ensure the sustainability of the peatland ecosystem functions, as well as the balance between utilization and environmental conservation. This research adopts a normative juridical approach with a descriptive-analytical method. The data used consists of secondary data obtained through a literature study of legislation, court decisions, scientific journals, and relevant policy documents. The novelty of this study lies in its specific focus on examining the implementation of legal regulations in peatland management in Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency, differing from previous studies that have been more general at the national level. The research findings indicate that the main obstacles in the implementation of peatland management laws include weak law enforcement, regulatory overlaps, conflicts of interest, and low public legal awareness. To address these challenges, optimal strategies are required, including strengthening coordination among state institutions, harmonizing regulations, enforcing strict sanctions, and utilizing technology for monitoring and law enforcement. With these strategies, it is expected that a balance between the utilization and protection of peatlands can be achieved in accordance with the principles of sustainable development.
 
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas implementasi peraturan perundang-undangan dalam pengelolaan dan perlindungan lahan gambut di Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur serta mengidentifikasi hambatan utama dan strategi hukum yang dapat diterapkan guna mengatasinya. Latar belakang permasalahan menunjukkan bahwa lahan gambut memiliki fungsi ekologis yang signifikan, terutama dalam menjaga keseimbangan lingkungan dan mitigasi perubahan iklim. Keberadaannya menghadapi ancaman serius akibat konversi lahan, kebakaran, serta eksploitasi yang tidak terkendali. Urgensi penelitian ini terletak pada perlunya peninjauan efektivitas regulasi yang telah diterapkan untuk memastikan keberlanjutan fungsi ekosistem gambut serta keseimbangan antara pemanfaatan dan konservasi lingkungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan metode deskriptif-analitis.  Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada fokusnya yang secara spesifik menelaah implementasi hukum dalam pengelolaan lahan gambut di Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur, berbeda dari kajian sebelumnya yang lebih bersifat umum pada tingkat nasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kendala utama dalam implementasi hukum pengelolaan lahan gambut meliputi lemahnya penegakan hukum, tumpang tindih regulasi, konflik kepentingan, serta minimnya kesadaran hukum masyarakat. Untuk mengatasi hambatan tersebut, diperlukan strategi optimal berupa penguatan koordinasi antar lembaga negara, harmonisasi regulasi, penerapan sanksi tegas, serta pemanfaatan teknologi dalam pengawasan dan penegakan hukum. Dengan strategi ini, diharapkan keseimbangan antara pemanfaatan dan perlindungan lahan gambut dapat terwujud sesuai dengan prinsip pembangunan berkelanjutan.

Drug packaging not only serves as a protective barrier for pharmaceutical products but also functions as a strategic element in conveying information and ensuring consumer rights. This study is a literature review of five journals that discuss packaging innovation, legal aspects of labeling, consumer protection, and packaging design from both technological and regulatory perspectives. The aim of this study is to compare the dimensions of innovation, information, and protection in drug packaging. A narrative review method with a qualitative descriptive approach was used. The results show that innovations such as the use of adsorbent plastic and efficiency in packaging systems significantly affect product stability and production speed. Meanwhile, the inclusion of composition details and halal labeling on packaging serves as a form of consumer protection from health risks and rights violations. It is concluded that a multidimensional approach to drug packaging is essential in creating a pharmaceutical distribution system that is efficient, safe, and ethical.

Pharmaceutical packaging serves not only as a means of protecting the product but also as a source of information and quality assurance for consumers. However, various studies indicate that packaging defects remain a significant issue in the pharmaceutical industry. This article is a literature review that examines several studies related to the analysis of the causes of packaging defects in pharmaceutical preparations. Based on the review of multiple scientific journals, it was found that packaging defects are generally caused by a combination of technical and non-technical factors, such as machine failure, operator error, inappropriate raw material specifications, and insufficient quality control.

This study aims to analyze the readiness of farmers in Parakan Village to utilize digital platforms for marketing agricultural products. The methods used include interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), mentoring, and the distribution of questionnaires to 30 members of the Mawar Farmer Group. Findings indicate a shift in farmers' behavior from relying on middlemen to independently marketing their products through social media. However, survey results show low levels of information access, active participation, and understanding of digital innovation. Innovation and digital literacy are key challenges, although some farmers expressed a willingness to learn. Continuous mentoring and collaboration between farmers, academics, and the government are essential to support an inclusive and sustainable digital transformation in the agricultural sector.