The 2024 data breach incident at Indonesia's National Data Center (PDN) marked a major crisis in the governance of national cybersecurity. This study examines the causes, threats, proposed solutions, and the roles of both the government and the public in responding to such breaches. The research employs a literature review and media framing analysis, focusing on news coverage and government policy responses. Findings indicate that systemic vulnerabilities, inadequate infrastructure readiness, and human factors are the primary causes of the breach. The resulting threats include economic and social losses, a decline in public trust, and the risk of data misuse. Proposed solutions involve strengthening regulations, enhancing technical capacity, and increasing public awareness through education. The active participation of civil society and swift government response are critical to restoring trust and preventing similar incidents in the future.

After the Dutch colonial occupation, for 78 years Indonesia still used Wetboek van Strafrecht as the law that regulates criminal law until finally in 2023 Indonesia has a National Criminal Code. The National Criminal Code emphasizes the ultimum remedium character by changing fines into one of the main punishments. The formulation of fine as one of the main punishments is part of the effort to overcome the overcapacity in correctional institutions caused by imprisonment which has always been the main choice in the punishment system in Indonesia and is perceived increasingly ineffective. Fines that have been contained in the Criminal Code are also a reference for the determination of fines in special laws outside the Criminal Code, one of which is the Immigration Law which in its application faces many obstacles. This qualitative research uses normative juridical method that analyzes the norms of fine sanctions and its classification in the Indonesian National Criminal Code. Although there are still findings, the fine clause in the National Criminal Code raises new homework for legislators and implementers, related to special laws outside the National Criminal Code that also formulate fines in their criminal sanctions, the research found that the classification of fines in the National Criminal Code is formulated as a new Indonesian punishment policy that has a more ultimum remedium character and prioritizes the principle of justice over legal certainty, can be a guideline for imposing administrative fines for special laws and regulations such as Immigration Law

Several factors influence PV output, including irradiance, temperature, and panel tilt angle. Irradiance and tilt angle affect the Photovoltaic (PV) current, while temperature affects the PV voltage. To accurately measure the performance of PVs in the field, it is necessary to condition these three parameters. Therefore, a system should be created to condition these parameters. This research aims to develop a control and monitoring system based on the set point to condition irradiance, temperature, and tilt angle. This research started with system design, fabrication, functionality testing with the black box method, sensor reading accuracy, and PV performance testing. The functionality testing results indicate that each test item can perform as expected. The sensor testing revealed of 1%, 0.26%, and 1.8% errors for MLX90614, BH1750, and MPU6050, respectively. The system's performance was tested, and it was discovered that the input value, which is the setpoint of the three variables, i.e., irradiance, temperature, and tilt angle of the PV, can produce outputs that are almost the same as the input value and settling time is different to reach the setpoint of each parameter. PV performance measurement using this system can represent PV performance by conducting direct testing using direct sunlight.

In this sophisticated era, the use of mobile phones among teenagers has increased rapidly both for learning and daily needs. Excessive use of mobile phones will have an impact on the lifestyle of teenagers because of playing online games. Therefore, this study aims to determine the impact of online games among teenagers in the perspective of Islam, especially referring to the views of the hadith. The population in this study were teenagers aged 15-17 years who played the online game mobile legend around 4-7 hours or more per day and teenagers who were addicted to the online game mobile legend numbered 5 respondents. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach by means of observation and interviews and documentation. The results of the analysis of interviews and observations show that the influence of the online game mobile legend greatly affects the development and growth of teenagers because online games affect the health, psychology, academics, social, and free time that teenagers have is wasted which is detrimental to themselves. Islam does not forbid its people to have fun, but it must remain within the limits and corridors that are determined. The games played should be in accordance with their portion, aka not excessive. Don't let entertainment take up all your time, disrupt your health, hinder other activities, take up study and work time and don't let it distract someone from their main duties, especially in worship, and don't let it make people forget about more important games, such as physical exercise to improve your health or do better activities than being addicted to playing online games. Games also shouldn't make people fall into addiction.
 

This research targets to determine: The affect of the bodily work environment and non-bodily work surroundings on paintings motivation. The data in this have a look at have been received From statistics From Forestry Police employees on the Environmental And Forestry carrier in the UPT place Of The Jeneberang woodland management Unit In Gowa district who were inclined to be respondents. This research uses a quantitative form of studies. The facts supply Used Is primary facts acquired thru dispensing Questionnaires at the Environmental And Forestry carrier within the UPT region Of The Jeneberang forest management Unit In Gowa District. using the Roscoe sampling approach with a pattern of 60 forestry police personnel. The facts analysis technique uses a couple of linear regression the usage of the SPSS 22 software. The outcomes of this research imply that the bodily work surroundings and non-physical paintings surroundings together have a advantageous have an impact on on paintings motivation. which means that that the higher the working surroundings is felt, the more paintings motivation of forestry police employees will boom.

DPRD Mempunyai tugas diantaranya sebagai penganggaran dan pengawasan dalam pelaksanaan dana APBD untuk satu tahun kedepan. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan adalah yuridis empiris dengan sumber data primer dan data sekunder yang kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui pengawasan DPRD Kota Semarang terhadap penggunaan anggaran daerah Semarang oleh Pemerintah Daerah Semarang telah dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan hak DPRD namun belum optimal. Hak tersebut antara lain pengawasan melalui penggunaan hak DPRD meminta keterangan, pelaksanaan pengawasan melalui kunjungan kerja dan aspirasi, dan penggunaan hak DPRD    mengadakan    penyelidikan.    Faktor-faktor    yang    menjadi    kendala    dalam     pelaksanaan pengawasan DPRD Kota Semarang terhadap penggunaan anggaran daerah Semarang oleh Pemerintah Daerah Kota Semarang adalah kendala teknis dan kendala kepentingan politik, ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana, partisipasi masyarakat, dan faktor internal partai. Untuk mengatasi hambatan-hambatan tersebut telah mengupayakan pengoptimalan fungsi pengawasan DPRD, membangun kerjasama dan komunikasi yang lebih baik lagi terhadap eksekutif agar tercipta transparansi yang sehat, menumbuhkan rasa tanggung jawab yang besar dalam melaksanakan tugas dan mendahulukan kepentingan    masyarakat    luas    tidak     kepentingan    kelompok    politiknya,    meminta    keterbukaan masyarakat dalam menyampaikan aspirasi, dan meluruskan kebijakan dengan aturan-aturan yang ada  Having duties council among others as budgeting and supervision in the implementation of the apbd funds for one years.A method of approach that is used is juridical empirical to the source of primary and secondary data who then analyzed qualitatively.Based on the research done known supervision semarang city council on the use of regional budgets semarang by local governments semarang has been implemented the right use council but not yet optimal.The right these include surveillance by the use of the right council ask for information, the supervision through the working visit and aspirations, and the use of launch an inquiry into the right council. Factors that becomes obstacle in the supervision semarang city council on the use of regional budgets semarang by local governments the city of semarang is technical obstacles and obstacles political interests , the provision of facilities and infrastructure , public participation , and the internal factor party .To address any constraints has been seek pengoptimalan supervisory function council , establish cooperation and communication that better the executive from in order to have a healthy transparency , promote a feeling a big responsibility in implementing the tasks and give the interest of the broad not interests his political group,ask opennes the community in express their opinions,and straightens policy by rules that is.

Pada akreditasi Perguruan Tinggi, kelulusan mahasiswa memainkan peran penting sebagai salah satu kriteria penilaian. Prediksi kelulusan merupakan fokus utama untuk membantu institusi dalam menilai seorang mahasiswa lulus tepat waktu. Penelitian ini mengambil data historis dari mahasiswa yang telah lulus, yang diambil melalui kuesioner dari mahasiswa Program Studi Sistem Informasi dan Teknik Informatika Universitas Semarang. Metode seleksi fitur digunakan untuk menyeleksi atribut yang paling relevan pada prediksi kelulusan. Hasil seleksi ini diujikan menggunakan Algoritma Support Vector Machine (SVM). Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi dampak seleksi fitur terhadap prediksi kelulusan. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa SVM dengan seleksi fitur menggunakan weight by relief mencapai akurasi sebesar 82%, presisi 83,42%, dan recall 80,83%. Sebaliknya, SVM tanpa menggunakan weight by relief menunjukkan akurasi 69,23%, presisi 70,83%, dan recall 67,86%. Penggunaan seleksi fitur berhasil mengurangi fitur dari 27 menjadi empat fitur yang paling berpengaruh.

The implementation of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) regulations in Indonesia is still in its developmental stage and faces several challenges in enforcement and compliance. Compared to developed countries, Indonesia's ESG framework lacks strong incentives and adequate regulatory oversight, leading to inconsistencies in corporate adherence. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of ESG regulations in Indonesia from a legal perspective and evaluate their impact on corporate compliance. A normative juridical approach was used, supplemented by case studies of companies that have implemented ESG principles. Data were collected through document analysis of regulatory frameworks, sustainability reports, and interviews with key stakeholders. The findings indicate that while the number of companies adopting ESG practices has increased significantly from 45 in 2018 to 675 in 2023, only 38% fully comply with ESG standards. Moreover, statistical analysis reveals a strong correlation (r = 0.78, p < 0.05) between regulatory strictness and corporate adherence. Weak enforcement mechanisms and the voluntary nature of ESG reporting remain major obstacles to effective implementation. The study also highlights that firms integrating ESG principles tend to attract more investment and demonstrate better financial stability. The findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on ESG regulation by emphasizing the need for policy reforms, including stricter enforcement, standardized reporting mechanisms, and economic incentives to enhance compliance. This research provides a foundation for future comparative studies on ESG regulation and suggests integrating technology-based monitoring tools such as blockchain and artificial intelligence to improve corporate accountability and sustainability practices.

Immigration has become a central issue in U.S. national security policy, especially after the events of September 11, 2001. The discourse around immigration is increasing, especially in the context of national security policy, which leads to the securitization of immigration. This process constructs immigration as a security threat, which justifies a strict political and policy response. In former President Obama's perspective, U.S. immigration policy has been focused on national security since the beginning of his presidency. This emphasis is manifested through increased border surveillance and inclusive and humane immigration law enforcement through the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program. Instead, Donald Trump's administration adopted a more secure approach, focusing on border security and immigration restrictions, including a controversial border wall and travel ban. This shift reflects a broader shift in U.S. domestic politics and global perceptions. Understanding these differences provides insight into how immigration policy impacts U.S. national and public security.

This study analyzes the effect of Cost of Debt, Cost of Equity, and Profit on investment decisions in hospitality industry companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2019-2023 period. By using purposive sampling method, this study involved 21 companies as samples, resulting in 105 observation data. Investment decision as the dependent variable is measured using Capital Expenditure (CapEx), while Cost of Debt, Cost of Equity, and profit as independent variables are calculated based on financial statement data. Multiple regression analysis is used to test the relationship between variables. The results showed that Cost of Debt, Cost of Equity, and Profit have a significant effect on investment decisions in the hospitality industry.